머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

수복방법에 따른 복합레진 및 글라스아이오노머 시멘트의 변연부 미세누출에 관한 연구

황호길,박주식 大韓齒科保存學會 1996 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.21 No.1

2차원적 불순물 재 분포에 관한 공정 Simulator 개발

황호정,박화식 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1989 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

This paper presents an investigation of numeric approaches to efficient solution of diffusion equation describing the two-dimensional impurity redistribution phenomena in semiconductor during thermal oxidation. The numerical method to solve the two-dimensional moving boundary problems ueses boundary element techniques which based on Green's function.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse 폐장의 폐포간 중격의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

황세진,김종우,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1990 한양의대 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

Interleukin-2, a kind of lymphokine which is produced by activated T-lymphocytes during an immune response, is known to act not only as a growth factor for many cells of immune system but stimulates differentiation of cells of immune system. Although interleukin-2 is a useful agent for cancer immunotherapy and inhibiting agent of tumor cell metastasis, administration of interleukin-2 to cancer patient may cause various side effects such as pulmonary edema due to capillary leakage. In this experiment the author pursued the effects of interleukin-2 on ultrastructure of interalveolar septum in lung of mouse. Healthy male mice weighing about 20gm were used as experimental animals and divided into control group and experimental group. During the experiment water and foods were given ad libitum. Animals of control group were injected 0.2 ml of distilled water and animals of experimental grouup were injected 2 million units per kg body weight of interleukin-2 intraperitoneally Experimental animals were sacrified at 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after administration and lung specimens were obtained. All specimens, which were prefixed in 2% glutaradehyde-2.5% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetraoxide were dehydrated and embedded in Epon Araldite 502. Ultrathinsection about 600-800 in thickness, and uranyl acetate and lead citrate double stain were performed and all electron microscopic specimens were observed with JEM 100cx-II electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The type I pneumocyte of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were swollen, separated from basal lamina. 2. Capillary endothelial cell of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were swollen, and pinocytic vesicles in endothelial cell were enlarged and increased in number. 3. Lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were enlarged, and vacuolized. 4. Mitochondria and microvilli of type II pneumocytes of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were decreased in number. It is consequently suggested that interleukin-2 induces intracellular edema of both the type I pneumocyte and the endothelial cell and damages to type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum of lung in mice but alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells are recover as time goes by.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse 자궁선상피세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

황규성,김원규,이규식,정호삼 한양대학교 의과대학 1990 한양의대 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

It is well known that the endometrium of uterus changes histologically during the estrous cycle in rodents. Interleukin-2, a kind of lymphokine produced by the T lymphocyte activated by antigen or mitogen, induces antitumor effect by stimulating the proliferation of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, augmenting the cytolytic activities of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte and differentiating a precursor cell into a lymphokine-activated killer cel in vivo. Although interleukin-2 suppresses the metastasis of the malignant tumor into the adjacent organs and the tumor itself, it develops many side effects including fever, chills and decreased hepatic functions. Interleukin-2 also causes increase of capillary permeability with weight gain, pulmonary edema and ascites. In this experiment, the author studied the effect of interleukin-2 on the mouse uterine glandular cells, observing electron microscopically the changes in cytoplasmic organelles of uterine glandular epithelial cells in mice. Totals of 20 healthy female mice, DDY strain, weighing about 20 gm and exhibiting normal estrous cycle, were used as experimental animals were injected with 2 million units of interleukin-2 diluted in 0.2ml distilled water per kg of body weight and with 0.2ml of normal saline per kg of body weight in the control group for 5 days. And animals were sacrificed at 5th day after administration of interleukin-2. The specimens obtained from te corpus uteri were pre-fixed in 2% glutaradehyde-2.5% paraformaldehyde buffered in Millonig's phosphate solution (pH 7.2) and post-fixed in the 1% osmium tetroxide. After dehydration the specimens were embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, 600-800A in thickness, were made and double stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. And these preparations were observed with the electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Microvilli were reduced and microfilaments in microvilli were degenerated. 2. The pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum was associated with detachment of the membrane-bound ribosomes. 3. The formation of secondary lysosomes such as autophagic vacuoies and multivesicular bodies were observed. 4. Cristae of the some mitochondria were arranged irregularly and dissociated. Consequently, the results obtained in the present study suggest that interleukin-2 appears to be cytotoxic to the uterine glandular cells of the mouse and induces the degenerative changes of the uterine glandular cells.

흰쥐 갑상선 소포세포의 분화에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

황세진,정호삼,유신철,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1991 한양의대 학술지 Vol.11 No.1

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ which is mainly derived from endodermal cell of the primitive pharynx. It is well known that time of morphological and functional maturation of thyroid gland is so variable among the species of animal that functionl maturation of thyroid gland of the rat occurs only after birth of the animal, while the human fetal thyroid gland can secrete thyroid hormones at 10-14 weeks of gestation. In this study the author pursued the ultrastructural differentiation of thyroid follicular cells of rats in the late fetal and early postnatal lives. The fetal rats of 18th and the 20th day of gestation and rats of the 1st, the 7th, the 14th and the 21st day of postnatal life were sacrificed and thyroid glands were extracted. Rats of the 8th weeks of postnatal life were served as control group. All specimens prefixed in 2% glutaraldehyde-2.5% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetraoxide, were dehydrated and embeded in Epon Araldite 502. Ultrathin section about 600-800 in thickness were made with LKB ultramicrotome and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and lead citrate All electron microscopic preparations were observed with JEM 100cx-II electron microscope The result obtained were as follows: 1. The nucleus of the follicular cell in the rat thyroid gland was composed of euchromatin at the 18th day of gestation, some unclei with euchromatin and heterochromatin were observed at the 20th day of gestation, and all nuclei of the follicular cells were composed of euchromatin and heterochromatin after the 1st day of postnatal life. 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum of the follicular cell in the rat thyroid gland was consisted of column shaped scant cisternae at the 18th day of gestation, and rough endoplasmic reticulum with unmerous dilated cisterne was observed at the 7th day of gestation. 3. The Golgi complex of the follicular cell in the rat thyroid gland was composed of narrow cisternae and small sized vesicles at the 18th day of gestation. Folgi complex with wide cisternae and large sized vesicles and vacuoles was observed at the 14th day of posnatal life. 4. Mitochondria of the follicular cell in the rat thyroid gland were scanty at the 18th day of gestation and number of mitochondria increased during development of thyroid gland. 5. Lysosmes of the follicular cell in the rat thyroid gland were observed from the 1st day of postnatal life. 6. Collid lumen and microvilli of the thyroid follicle were observed from the 20th day of gestation and the matured colloid lumen was observed at the 1st day of postnated life. It is consequently suggested that the thyroid follicleis are formed from the 20th day of gestation to the 1st day of postnatal life, and cytoplasmic organelles of the folliculat cell are matured morphologically between the 7th and the 14th day of postnatal life in albino rats.

Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션을 이용한 이온 주입시의 점결함 분포의 계산

손명식,이준하,변기량,황호정 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

이온 주입시의 점결함 분포를 간접적으로 계산하기 위해 단결정 실리콘에서의 3차원 이온 주입 시뮬레이터인 TRICSI (TRansport Ions in Crystal Slilicon) Monte Carlo 코드를 확장하여 Boron 이온 주입시의 에너지와 dose에 따른 불순물(particle) 및 점결함 분포(point defect)를 계산하였다. 결함 분포는 Modified Kinchin-Pease equation을 단결정 실리콘에 적용하여 displacement damage에 의해 발생한 Frenkel Pair(vacancy-interstitial)분포를 계산하였으며 이온 주입시의 웨이퍼 온도에 의한 Frenkel Pair 소멸 효과는 고려하지 않았다. 계산 결과는 3차원 각면으로의 2차원 투영 불순물 농도로 표현하고 주입된 dose와 에너지에 다른 마스크 주입시의 에너지 및 dose 의존성 도펀트 분포와 이에 따른 damage 분포를 이해하는 데 중요한 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다. We extended our ion implantation simulator, TRICSI (TRansport lons in Crystal Slilicon) Monte Carlo(MC) code, and indirectly calculated particle and its generating point defect distributions depending on energy and dose during boron implantation into <100> single0crystal silicon. The point defect distribution of Frenkel Pair(vacancy-interstitial) was abtained by applying the modified Kinchin-Pease equation, which usually uses in MC simulation in amorphous target, to MC simulation in crystalline silicon. We did not considered the annihilation of Frenkel Pairs due to wafer temperature. The calculated results were projected onto each free-dimensional plane, presented as two-dimensional concentration profile on it. The particle concentration profile was presented with typical open mask structure. We expect that these results help understand the dopant and its generating damage distributions depending on energy and dose during boron implantation.

HEI(High Energy Ion Implantation)공정 분석 모의 실험 도구 개발에 관한 연구

손명식,황호정 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

본 연구에서는 Retrograde Well 형성 공정, 누설 전류를 억제하기 위한 매몰층(baried layer)형성 고정, 필드 산화층의 필드 분리(field isolation)을 위한 공정과 게이트 구성 후의 이온 주입 공정을 위해 필수적인 고 에너지 이온 주입 에너지(HEI) 공정 영역(200KeV 이상 영역) 에 대한 보다 신뢰성 있는 3차원 공정 모델링 및 검증 작업을 통해 신뢰성과 예측성을 동시에 갖춘 실제 공정에서 분석 도구로서 사용 가능한 시뮬레이터를 구성하여, HEI 공정이 소자 특성에 미치는 효괄르 분석하고자 한다. 특히, 필드 분리(field isolation) 공정 및 게이트 구성 후의 이온 주입 공정을 위한 산화층 의존성의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해서 산화층이 있는 3차원 MOS 구조에서의 HEI공정 분석을 포함시키고자 한다.

Bleomycin이 Mouse신사구체 및 근위요세관 상피세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

김진택,황세진,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1988 한양의대 학술지 Vol.8 No.2

Bleomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces Verticillus, has been used as an anticancer drug active against human squamous cell carcinoma of skin and lung. It is well known that bleomycin inhibits DNA synthesis of tumor cell by scissoring DNA molecule and inhibiting DNA polymerase activity. Although bleomycin is very effective on various human cancers, it may damage certain normal cells to cause pulmonary and skin toxicity. In this experiment, the author pursued the effect of bleomycin on the mouse kidney, observing the ultrastructural changes in the proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli. Healthy male mice(ICR strain) were used as experimental animals which were divided into two groups, the control and bleomycin treated groups. The bleomycin treated groups were subdivided into group of 3 times successive bleomycin treated and group of 7 times successive bleomycin treated. All experimental animals were given food and water ad libitum. The animals of bleomycin treated group were administered bleomycin 3 times and 7 times respectively, in a dose of 20 units per kg of body weight with 3 days interval. The experimental animals were sacrified in 24 hours after final administration of bleomycin. The specimens obtained from cortical region of left kidney were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate by the double contrast method and were observed with JEM 100cx-Ⅱ electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule the pinocytic vesicles were increased in number and also numerous autophagic vacuoles and the multivesicular bodies were found. 2. The deformed mitochondria and the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were appeared in the epithelial cells of proximal renal tubule. 3. The basal infoldings were dilated and basement membrane were thickened and irregulary arranged at the basal portion of the epithelial cells of proximal tubule. 4. In the glomeruli the lamine densa of filterating membrane were irregulary arranged and thickened and many of the pedicles of podocytes were fusal together. It is consequently suggested that bleomycin damages both proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli in mice kidney.

Novel Noncontact Meibography With Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: Hosik Meibography

Hwang, Ho Sik,Park, Chang Won,Joo, Choun-Ki Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2013 Cornea Vol.32 No.1

PURPOSE:: To present a novel noncontact meibography system with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is widely used in clinics for the anterior segment (cornea, anterior chamber angle, etc.), and compare the results with preexisting infrared meibography. METHODS:: This research was carried out at the Seoul St Mary’s Hospital with 2 volunteers. Preexisting infrared meibography was performed on the subjects, and photographs of the meibomian gland were taken again with the anterior segment OCT. With the anterior segment OCT, a tomogram of the meibomian gland could be taken and a picture of the whole meibomian gland could be taken from the infrared images for monitoring. RESULTS:: The resolution of the preexisting infrared meibography was a pixel size of 640 × 480. In the anterior segment OCT, the meibomian glands were clearly identified just beneath the palpebral conjunctiva. There was no problem in grading the meibomian gland with the infrared images for monitoring. The resolution was 239 × 178 or 129 × 95 pixels, depending on the save option of the photograph. CONCLUSIONS:: This novel meibography using anterior OCT yielded meibomian gland tomograms without any additional equipment, and overall infrared meibography was possible for grading. We believe this new technique will be useful in clinics for meibomian gland dysfunction and the like.