Putin’s “Reset” since the Rise of Protest Movement

Soo?Heon Park 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2017 슬라브학보 Vol.32 No.3

After a decade of post‐Soviet transformation in the 1990s, the Russian political regime established under Putin’s leadership in the 2000s had shown certain features of “electoral authoritarianism” (close to a “competitive” version), in which despite shortage of democratic essence, elections played a central role in Russian politics dominated by the Kremlin. Faced with a serious challenge by the mass political protests caused by massive electoral frauds in the December 2011 Duma elections, the Kremlin made a variety of efforts to suppress the protest movement and build a new formula of rule for maintaining and strengthening its power. First, the Putin regime took strenuous endeavors to make its victories in the national and regional elections much more certain by making various legal rearrangements (e. g., the restoration of direct election of governors, lowering of the requirements for party registrations, and return to the mixed electoral system for the Duma with the 5% threshold rule) and by diversifying the methods of manipulating the elections (e. g., obstructing opposition candidates’ entering the elections, gerrymandering the electoral districts, providing illegal fund to the ruling party’s candidates, strengthening control over election monitors). In order to make these moves for electoral victories more successful, the Kremlin tried to weaken further the position of the opposition by increasing arrests of and legal charges on opposition figures, holding smearing campaigns against them, and using violence in certain cases. At the same time, it also made Russian society more submissive to the regime by introducing a series of repressive measures that restricted political and civil rights of citizens and tightened its control over Russian media and internet communication. In the process of making a new formula of rule, a new political regime was being formed under Putin. It was getting close to a “hegemonic” type of “electoral authoritarianism” with the ruling power’s absolute domination in the national and regional elections. In those elections, real democracy was not there. Level of contestation between the Kremlin and the opposition was very low on the uneven electoral playing field, and certainty in the victory of the ruling party in the elections got extremely high.

일방향 합성슬래브의 사용성 확보를 위한 유효단면 2차 모멘트 및 경간 깊이비 평가

정헌수 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2003 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

인장균열효과와 인장강성효과를 수반한 유효단면 2차모멘트의 적절한 평가는 구조용 테크플레이트를 사용한 일방향 합성슬래브 설계에서 중요하게 고려되는 사항이다 특히 고강도 구조용 데크플레이트와 않은 단면의 일반적인 사용으로 일방향 슬래브의 사용성 확보가 더 중요하게 된 원인이 되었다. 유효단면 2차 모멘트의 산정방법과 일방향 슬래브에서 처짐 제어를 위한 허용 경간깊이비가 제시되었다. 새롭게 제시된 유효 단면2차모멘트 평가식은 균열 단면2차모멘트의 계산과정을 생략함으로써 간단하게 적용할 수 있다. 장기처짐 제한을 위한 허용 경간깊이비는 하중조건, 지지조건, 데크플레이트비, 스팬길이와 ACI 318-02에 의한 허용처짐을 고려하고 있다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 ACI 318-02 또는 ANSI/ASCE와 같은 설계기준보다 더 적절하다고 판단된다. A proper evaluation of effective moment of inertia involved tensile cracking effect and tension stiffening effect is an important consideration in the design of one-way composite slabs reinforced with wtructural steel decking. Especially common uses of high-strength reinforcing structural steel decking and shallow sections caused serviceability of one-way composite slabs to be of more importance. Methods to evaluate effective moment of inertia and allowable span-depth ratio for controlling deflection in one-way composite slabs were developed. A new presented formula for effective moment of inertia can apply to be simple as eliminating the necessity of computing moment of inertia of cracked section. Allowable span-depth ratio that limitation of long-term deflections will be satisfactory considered loading conditions, support conditions, deck plate ratio, span length, and allowable deflections in ACI 318-02. The proposed methods in this study show a more justifiable than other procedures such as ACI 318-02 and ANSI/ASCE.

혐기성여상 반응조에서 여재 충진량이 미생물 유실에 미치는 영향

이헌모,노종수 동의공업대학 2000 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

Sludge retention tests were conducted to crossflow filter media in an-hybrid reactors. Sections of this crossflow filter media were cut to fit a laboratory scale reactor. Five an-hybrid reactors with media volume to reactor volume of 0, 20, 40. 60 and 80% were run under various air flow and hydraulic retention time to estimate sludge retention. The result shows that the concentration of microorganism in effluent was generally higher in the reactor having lower media volume. And 40% media volume of total reactor volume in an-hybrid reactor was evaluated to be sufficient to prevent the wash-out of biological solids and thus to reduce start-up period of the an-hybrid reactor.

New paradigm in planning

박헌수 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The scientific view of nature or "paradigm" is drifting toward disorder, instability, diversity, disequilibrium, nonlinearity, and temporality. This paper discusses how useful new paradigm is in planning.

자기교시훈련과 자기진술훈련의 적용이 최종목표행동 성취도와 비판적 사고력에 미친 영향

김헌수 圓光大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 자기교시 훈련과 자기진술 그리고 토의법을 기초로 하는 수업설계를 교실수업에 적용하는 것이 비판적사고력과 최종목표 행동성취도의 향상에 도움이 될것인가의 여부를 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험대상은 연구자가 강의하는 특정교과목(교육과정)을 수강하고 있는 대학생 41명을 대상으로 실험집단 20명, 비교집단 21명을 배정하였다. 실험에 적용한 과제는 대학의 교육과정(이론)이었으며, 자기교시훈련과 자기진술훈련 그리고 토의법의 지침에 따라 수업을 설계하여 매주 3시간, 8주동안 실험집단에 실시하였으며, 통제집단에는 같은 기간동안 같은 과제내용을 종래의 전달위주의 방법(강의)으로 수업하였다. 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 자기교시훈련 그리고 토의법의 이론에 따라 수업을 설계하여 실시하는 것은, 1) 최종목표 행동 성취을 향상시키는 효과도 있었다. (F(1,39)= 10.68< P <.002) 2) 비판적 사고력을 향상시키는 효과는 없었다. (F(1,39)= 1.43< P >.05) The purpose of this experimental study is to find out the differential influences by the self-Instruction and the self-statement traing of the terminal behavior achi eve-ment and critical thinking. The subjects of this experimental study are 41students in my subject, the curri culum study in Wonkwang University. 20 students of the subjects are the experim ental group and the other 21students are the contrel groupl. The Instruments in this includ-ed critical thinking test and terminal achievement test. Learning tasks were chosen from the subject of curriculum study. Experimental treatments in this study are as follows : The control group were taught the given caterial by means of the delivery-centered instruction; explanation and instruction, rules and critical ideas by means of the self-instruction and self-statement method, discussion method and question & answer. The verified reslts through this study are ; 1) The self-instuctional training enhanced the academic achievement(F(1,39)=10.68<P<0.002) 2) The experimental treatments were not positive for the development of critical thinking(F(1,39)=1.43<P<0.05)

한국인에서 도파민 D4 수용체 다형성과 Novelty Seeking 성격 특성의 연관성

이헌정,이홍석,강화연,김린,이민수,서광윤,변영찬 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.4

연구목적 : 저자들은 한국인에서 도파민 D4 수용체(DRD4) 유전자의 다형성과 성격의 관련성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 173명의 건강한 한국인 여자 청소년(13.88±0.29세)을 대상으로 하여 성격 기질 설문지(Temperament and Character Inventory : TCI)를 작성하도록 하였으며, 이들에서 DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48-bp VNTR(variable numbers of tandem repeats) 다형성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : DRD4 exon Ⅲ Vntr에서 긴 대립유전자(≥5 repeats)를 가진 군이 긴 대립유전자를 가지지 않은군에 비하여 Novelty Seeking 척도 점수가 유의하게 높았다(t=2.11,p=0.037). 결 론 : 본 연구 결과는 DRD4-exon Ⅲ의 긴 대립유전자가 Novelty Seeking 성격과 관련이 있다는 기존의 외국에서의 연구결과를 다시금 확인해주는 것이다. Objectives : We investigated the relationship of personality traits with dopamine D4 receptor(DRD4) exon Ⅲ polymorphism in a Korean population. Methods : We analysed DRD4 exon Ⅲ 48-bp repeats polymorphism in 173 Korean heakthy female adolescents(age=13.88±0.29years) who also completed Temperament and Charater Inventory(TCI). Results : Novelty seeking score of the TCI was significantly higher in the subjects with DRD4 long alleles(≥5 repeats) compares with the subjects without these (t=2.11, p=0.037). Conclusion : The present study supports the previous reports that long repeats of the DRD4-exon Ⅲ polymorphism are relatedwith Novelty Seeking personality.

‘제3세대’이후 국내 러시아 연구의 현황과 과제 : 사회과학을 중심으로

박수헌,신범식 서울대학교 러시아연구소 2006 러시아연구 Vol.16 No.2

Since the mid-1990s, Russian Studies in Korea have been in the stage of "relative stabilization" after undergoing the ups and downs in the previous years. The rise of the "third generation" scholars, many of which returned to Korea after earning their doctoral degrees in Russia, has contributed to this trend. The current research, based on a comprehensive review of social science works on Russia, published as M. A. and Ph.D theses, in book forms and monographs, and as articles in 12 academic journals during the past decade in Korea, shows the following developmental tendencies in the Russian Studies in Korea since the mid-1990s. First, the number of Korean specialists on Russia has consistently increased. Second, the scope of research has been extended in spatial dimension as well as in research topics. In the former, while CIS countries other than Russia have increasingly became the subject of research, the investigation of local politics and economy in Russia has also grown. In the latter, topics have been more diversified beyond the traditional fields of politics, economy, society, and history into education, law, media, anthropology, and political geography. Third, the cases of field researches and surveys have continued to increase, which can contribute to a qualitative progress in the Russian Studies in Korea. Fourth, more research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of various aspects of Russia from a comparative theoretical perspective. Fifth, new attention has been called to the methodological issues in understanding the Russian experiences. Despite these new developments and achievements, however, Russian Studies in Korea still offer the room for continuing improvement. First, compared with those countries with more advanced Russian Studies, the Russian Studies community in Korea is still much small, and there are very few specialists on other CIS countries than Russia. Second, Russian politics and economy still command a disproportionally high position in terms of research topic. Third, researches are lopsidedly tilting toward policy-oriented studies rather than contributing to strengthening the foundation of Russian Studies. Fourth, the previous tendency to approach the Russian experiences from the viewpoint of break with the past has not been fully overcome. Fifth, although efforts have been made for establishing a "Korean style of studying Russia", the Western approaches to the Russian realities still enjoy a disproportionately high popularity. Sixth, strenuous endeavor among the Russian Studies community is required for implementing interdisciplinary researches of Russia as subject of area studies.

아고용한 Zr-Nb 2원계 합금의 미세조직 및 부식특성

林潤洙,崔洋鎭,河憲永,魏明鏞 大田産業大學校 2000 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Effect of niobium content on the microstructure and corrosion characteristic of hypo-solubility in binary Zr-Nb alloys were studied. The specimens with 0.2 and 0.4wt.% of niobium were prepared under various annealing temperatures from 400℃ to 800℃ and times from 30 to 5.000 minutes after vacuum arc remelting. The microstructures behavior was observed by a polarized optical microscope. TEM and micro-vickers hardness tester. The recrystallization temperature of the alloys slightly increased with niobium content due to increase of activation energy. The grain growth of the alloys more 0.2 than 0.4 wt.% of niobium occured rapidly. The specimens for corrosion test were prepared by annealing with 590℃ for 2hr to be recrystallized and performed in distilled water at 360℃ using a static mini-autoclave and the corrosion characteristic was measured by weight gains with exposure time. With increasing Nb content from 0.2 to 0.4wt.% the corrosion resistance in Zr-xNb binary alloys decreased an d oxide structure was slowly transformed from tetragonal -ZrO2 to monoclinic-ZrO2.

장기간 Risperidone 투여후 지연성으로 발생한 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 1례

이헌정,조방현,김인,이민수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

Risperidone은 비교적 최근에 개발된 항정신병약물이며, 그것이 가진 도파민 D2 수용체와 세로토닌2 수용체를 차단하는 작용기전, 추체외로 부작용과 지연성 운동장애가 적다는 점, 정신분열병의 음성증상에도 효과가 있다는 점에서 흔히 비전형적 약물로 불리운다. 그러나 이러한 비전형성에도 불구하고, 이미 전세계적으로는 15개 정도의 risperidone에 의한 신경이완제 악성증후군(neuroleptic malignant syndrome : NMS)의 보고가 있으며. 국내에서도 최근 하나의 증례가 보고되었다. 저자들은 정신분열병으로 장기간 risperidone으로 치료받던 젊은 남자 환자에서 치료 1년 9개월만에 발생된 NMS 1례를 경험하였기에 관련문헌의 고찰과 더불어 증례보고하고자 한다. Risperidone is a relatively new antipsychotic agent. It is often referred to as 'atypical', because it has a mechanism of action that blocks post synaptic dopamine-2 and serotonin-2 receptors, it is associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects, it is not yet associated with tardive dyskinesia, and it may have some efficacy on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In despite of its 'atypical' nature, there are already more than 15 reports of risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Only one case of risperidone-induced NMS was reported recently in Korea. We report one case of delayed risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome in young male patient and review the related articles.

시상골 골절단술시 근심골편의 변위를 방지하기위한 lingual fracture technique

장헌수,안재진,우성도,김종필 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1994 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.16 No.1

The sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is a common procedure which has been used in the correction of mandibular deformities for a few decades. Although the technical improvements have increased the reliability and stability of SSRO procedure, the postoperative relapse is imperative and clinically more significant than any other complication. One of the major causes of the relapse is due to the displacement of the proximal segment during SSRO procedure, which is well documented in the literature. Therefore it is important to preserve the original position of the proximal segment during SSRO proced and maxillofacial fixation period. In the case of mandibular asymmetry, if one side of mandible is advanced and the other side of mandible is setback during SSRO procedure, the proximal segment in the advancement site will rotate laterally and the proximal segment in the setback site will rotate medially. For the prevention of the lateral rotation or flaring of the proximal segment in the advancment site. we deliberately fracture the posterior protion of the distal segment in green-stick fashion during SSRO procedure, and there is no need to fix the fractured lingual segment. We fix the two octeotomized bony segments in the buccal cortex area rigidly with adjustable monocortical plates and screws. During SSRO procedure the lingual fracture technique was applied to nine patients with severe mandibular asymmetry who underwent orthognathic surgery in our hospital since march, 1992. These clinical experiencies enable us to find the lingual fracture technique has the following advantages. 1. The proximal segment is displaced minimally. 2. The osteotomized bony segments are contacted intimately. 3. The postoperative relapse and the healing period are decreased.