Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

Tegretol-CR의 抗 躁症 효과에 관한 임상적 연구

강민희,왕성근,신석철 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.7

Aedes aegypti와 Culex pipiens pallens 모기의 난황 단백질 합성에 관한 연구

姜奭熙,卞相胤 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.2

Aedes aegypti와 Culex pipiens(모기 : Diptera, Culicidae)의 난황 단백질 합성을 in vitro fat body incubation 방법으로 조사하였다. A. aegypti와 C. pipiens의 난황 단백질 합성은 각각 흡혈 후 6시간부터 시작되어 21시간과 24시간에는 최대치를 나타내고 감소하여 각각 36시간과 45시간에 이르면 합성이 완료되는 것으로 관찰되었다. A. aegypti와 C. pipiens의 in vitro fat body incubation에 의한 ^3H-leucine labeled protein과 ^3H-leucine labeled vitellogenin을 7.5% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis를 실시하여 분자량과 subunits를 분석한 결과 A. aegypti의 ^3H-vitellogenin은 7개의 subunits로 분리되었고 총 분자량은 545,000으로 추정되었다. 반면에 C. pipiens의 ^3H-vitellogenin은 분자량이 392,000인 단백질로서 8개의 subunits로 분리됨을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과는 두 종류의 서로 다른 모기에 있어서 난황 단백질 분자의 구조적 조성에 있어 상이함을 지적하고 있다. Vitellogenin synthesis in the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, has been examined by incubating fat bodies in vitro. The rate of vitellogenin synthesis in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens began to rise by 6 hours post blood meal and reached at the maximum level by 21 and 24 hours, which then declined to minimal level by 36 and 45 hours, respectively. The molecular weight of H^3-vitellogenins as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to be 545,000 and 392,000 daltons for A. aegypti and C. pipiens vitellogenin, respectively. The subunit composition of vitellogenin from A. aegypti was not identical to that from C. pipiens.

Aedes aegypti 뇌추출물이 A. atropalpus의 난황단백질 합성에 미치는 효과

강석희,문정희,박영민 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1

Aedes aegypti의 뇌추출물은 Aedes atroplpus의 지방체에 있어서의 단백질합성을 자극하였다. 자극에 의하여 증가된 단백질 합성율은 control의 130∼260%에 이르렀다. 뇌추출물의 dosage를 한 개의 지방체당 1∼4개의 머리의 상당량까지 증가하였더니 단백질 합성율은 control에 비해 130∼160%까지 증가하였다. In vitro에서의 뇌추출물의 활성은 3시간까지는 증가하였다가 점점 감소하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 실험결과는 모기의 머리 속에는 지방체를 직접 자극하여 난황단백질 합성을 촉진시키거나, 지방체 세포에서 이미 합성, 저장되어 있는 난황단백질의 분비를 촉진시키는 요인이 존재하는 가능성을 지지한다고 사료된다. The effect of head extract on the synthesis of proteins in vitro by the fat body from Aedes atropalpus females has been examined. The head extract when added into the fat body incubation medium stimulated protein synthesis by 30∼160%. The protein synthesis stimulated by the head extract increased with time for up to 3 hours. The net increase in the total protein synthesis was equal to the net increase in the vitellogenin synthesis. The results indicated that the head extract may contain the brain factors that stimulated the yolk protein synthesis by the fat body of mosquitoes.

일 대학 병원 마취 · 회복실 간호사의 간호활동 분석

강윤경,김경미,김연이,박혜옥,서광희,송숙녀,이현숙,조의영 대한간호행정학회 2006 간호행정학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed to specify roles of nurses from the anesthesia and recovery room by analyzing nursing activities as well as anesthesia nursing during surgery. Method: The objects were 12 RNs working in the recovery room of a university hospital located in Incheon. Self-report was performed by measuring stop-watch for five days from May 17th to May 21st in 2004. Research method was designed to record the time and frequency of the nursing activity from anesthesia and recovery room based on nurses' statement and other references for five days. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-test via SPSS Win 10.0 program. Result: Nursing activities in anesthesia recovery room were classified into two different characteristics such as direct and indirect nursing activity. The activities consisted of 11 direct nursing areas and 39 nursing activities in anesthesia preparation room. The indirect nursing was classified into 8 nursing areas and 32 nursing activities. The direct nursing was classified into 12 nursing areas and 55 nursing activity. Also, the indirect nursing was classified into 7 nursing areas and 21 nursing activities in recovery room. In terms of prevalence of nursing activities in the anesthesia preparation room, observation and cooperation of anesthesia was the most prevalent activity, drug and eqipment management the second prevalent, and drug administration the third. On the other hand, in the recovery room, the most prevalent activity was vital sign checking and observation, the second most prevalent activity informative activity, and the third body temperature control. Nursing activity time was recorded according to the nursing characteristics. In the anesthesia preparation room, the direct nursing spent for 8092.20 minutes was larger than the indirect nursing spent for 7198.50 minutes. Also, in the recovery room, the direct nursing spent for 2361.16 minutes was larger than the indirect nursing spent for 1134.13 minutes. 4. Nursing activity time was compared to duty shifts. In the anesthesia preparation room, the direct nursing was more prevalent on day shift and the indirect nursing was prevalent on evening shift. However, in the recovery room, both direct and indirect nursing activities were prevalent on day shift. Conclusion: The role of anesthesia and recovery room nurses was analysed according to the time, frequency, and its characteristics.

생물막여과공정에 의한 고도정수처리시스템 구성에 관한 연구

강용태,양희천,김화석,김경동 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

This study is to evaluate the characteristics of submerged biofilter process as pretreatment of raw water and alternative advanced water treatment system(AAWTS) composed with bioflitration, post-ozonation and GAC for Nakdong River by comparison of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWS), composed with pre-ozonation, flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration, post-ozonation and GAC. In the biofiltration process, the removal of turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 reached 98%, 95%, 70%, 72%, 79% respectively. The stable removal efficiency was obtained by the direct biofiltration after coagulant injection thought the influent was a muddy and highly polluted. The removal efficiency of the alternative advanced water treatment(AAWTS) using biofiltration process for turbidity, color, KMnO₄consumption, NH₃-N and UV254 was reached 98.5%, 98%, 82%, 90%, 92% respectively. It is equivalent to the removal efficiency of existing advanced water treatment system(EAWTS) though the demanded area and coagulant of the alternative advanced water treatment system using biofiltration process was decreased about 60% and 70% respectively.

용인정신병원에 내원한 행려정신질환자들의 특성에 관한 조사

강희찬,오석배,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.1

This retrospective survey was designed to investigate the socio-demographic and psychiatric characteristics, and to clarify the tentative course of homeless mentally ill patients. One hundred and twelve homeless mentally ill patients who had been admitted to Yong-In Mental Hospital were selected during the period of March 1983 to Feb.1984. The results were as follows: 1)Sex ratio of the 112 subjects was 1: 1.5. Of these subjects, three-fourths were under 40 and 9 percent were above 50 years old. 2)Fifty-three percent had never married and 24percent already had divorced or seperated. Among above 30 of age, 41 percent had never marred ad 45 percent already had divorced or seperated. Seventy-three percent of men were unmarried. The proportion of divorced of women was higher than that of men. 3)Sixty-seven percent of the subjects were schizophrenia, 7 percent affective disorder, 8 percent alcohol dependency or alcoholic psychosis, 6 percent organic brain syndrome, and 9 percent epilepsy and mental retardation respectively. 4)Eighty five percent had more than two year of morbid duration and most of them took chronic course. 5)Fifty percent had history of previous psychiatric hospitalization, and 46 percent had history of asylum institutionalization. Only 23 percent had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. 6)sixty three percent were hospitalized at Yong-In Mental Hospital over six-months. 7)referral sources at admission of Yong-In Mental Hospital were police, asylum and general hospital which 50 percent by police, 44percent asylum and 6 percent from general hospital. Thirty three percent of the 72 discharged patients were discharged by relatives(including family), and 51 percent have been referred to asylum. 8)The authors compared the characteristics, that of age, sex, marital status, clinical diagnosis, morbid duration admission duration and route of discharge between fresh cases who had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. Also the authors compared the characteristics including history of previous psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization and source of referral between subgroup with relatives and subgroup without relatives.

球形 글라스비즈의 흐름角 測定

姜錫浩,宋希準,安熙官 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1978 연구보고 Vol.6 No.1

In order to study the flow characteristics of spherical glass-beads ranging from 40 mesh to-115 mesh, its angle of repose and angle of rupture were measured as a function of average particle size, addition of fine powder as glidant or lubricant, and admixture of 2 or 3 adjacent fractions of beads classified by screening. The angle of repose of the glass-beads increases with increasing particle size of above 100 mesh, but for beads smaller than 100 mesh, the angle of repose increases with decreasing particle size. Fine glidant of montmorcalite added to the beads in very small concentrations of 0.6wt, % decreases the flow angles, while it tends to increase strongly the flow angles at higher concentrations.

Pd(0)과 Ni(Ⅱ)촉매하의 Grignard시약에 의한 광학활성 고리카보네이트의 알릴화 연구

강석구,조동규,박찬희 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

NiCl_2(dppe)또는 Pd(PPh_3)_4를 촉매로 하여 Grgnard시약과 광학 활성 알릴고리 카보네이트를 반응시켜 높은 위치 선택성과 입체선택성이 있는 알킬화된 (E)-allylic alcohol을 얻었다. Reaction of chiral allylic cyclic carbonates with Grignard reagents in the presence of NiCl_2(dppe) or Pd(PPh_3)_4 as a catalyst afforded the alkylated (E)--allylic alcohols with high regio-and diastereoselectivity.

유기구리시약을 이용한 광학활성 고리 카보네이트의 알릴화 연구

강석구,박찬희,정재욱 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

CuCN과 알킬리튬 시약을 이용하여 higher-order cuprate인 R_2Cu(CN)Li_2 또는 lower-order cuprate R_2Cu(CN)Li_2을 만들거나 Grignard시약과 구리촉매에 의해 R_2Cu(CN)MgX등을 형성시켜 이를 광학 활성 고리 카보네이트에 S_N2' 반응을 유도하여 높은 위치 선택성과 입체 선택성이 있는 광학 활성이 있는(E)-allylic alcohol 및 dienylic alcohol을 합성하였다. The S_N2'-type allylation reactions of chiral allylic cyclic carbonates with R_2Cu(CN)Li_2, R_2(CN)Li, or R_2Cu(CN)MgX afforded the alkylate(E)-allylic alcohol and dienylic alcohol with excellent high regio-and diasterecselectivity.