Hypoallergenic and Physicochemical Properties of the A2 β-Casein Fraction of Goat Milk

Tae-Hwan Jung,Hyo-Jeong Hwang,Sung-Seob Yun,Won-Jae Lee,Jin-Wook Kim,Ji-Yun Ahn,Woo-Min Jeon,Kyoung-Sik Han2.6* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 β-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 β-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at 25°C). Selective reduction of β- lactoglobulin and αs-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 β-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 β-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 β-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 β-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 β-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 β-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

초등 교과교육학의 성격과 내용구조 연구

유한구(Han Ku Ryu),장성모(Sung Mo Chang),송광용(Kwang Yong Song),조주연(Joo Yun Cho),이학주(Hak Ju Lee) 한국초등교육학회 1997 초등교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구는 교과교육과 교과교육학의관계, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계등을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 하여 초등학교 교과교육과 교육대학 교과교육학 교육의 실제를 정확히 이해하고 그 발전 방향을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 일반적으로, 교과교육학은 교육학에서 제시하고 있는 교육과정의 구성및 교육방법상의 일반 원리를 교과교육이라는 특수한 사태에 적용하는 과정에 관심을 두는 이론으로 간주되고 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교육학의 일반적 원리에 따라 교과교육이라는 특수한 맥락에 처방을 내리기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 이 관점을 교과와 그것을 가르치는 교사의 삶을 사실상 별개의 것으로 분리하는 것이며, 그와 동일한 이유에서 교과교육학과 교과교육학자의 삶 또한 별개의 것임을 전제하는 것이다. 그러나 교과교육과 교과교육학, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계는 이론에서 실제로 나아가는 앞의 방향과는 정반대 방향에서도 이해될 수 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교과교육 실제에 처방을 내리기 위한 것이 아니라 그 실제를 기술하고 정당화하기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 교과교육과 교과교육학의 관련이 이렇게 파악될 때, 교과 교육학은 교사나 교과교육학자에게 자신이 지금 하는 일이 자신의 삶과 결코 무관한 것이 아니라는 믿음을 심어 주게 되며, 나아가 그들 자신이 참여하고 있는 초등학교나 교육대학의 교육실제를 기술하거나 정당화하려고 할 때 반드시 필요한 개념적 도구를 제공해 줄 수 있게 된다. 바로 여기에 교과교육학에 관한 종래의 접근과는 구분되는 새로운 접근방식이 요구되는 이유가 있다. The purpose of this study is threefold: The first is to analyse the relations between subject education and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy. The second is, based on the analysis result, to have the precise understanding of teaching various subjects in the elementary school, and of teaching subject pedagogy in the university of education. The third is to search for the desirable direction of developing the elementary education and the teacher education. Subject pedagogy is usually defined as a theory which is interested in the process of applying pedagogical principles regarding curriculum organization and teaching methods to specific teaching situations, that is, subject education situations. However, this definition has a limitation, because it assumes that a subject and the teacher's life who teaches the subject are separated from each other, and that subject pedagogy and the scholar who studies subject pedagogy are also separated. The relationship between subject teaching and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy can be understood with quite different viewpoint. This new viewpoint, which is the major discussion matter of this study, assumes that subject pedagogy is never separated from the life of subject teacher/subject pedagogist. This viewpoint will reveal the theoretical features of subject pedagogy better, and give us new meaning on the life of teachers/subject pedagogists. The subject pedagogy in the correct sense should provide teachers/pedagogists with the conceptual instrument based on the new viewpoint. This conceptual instrument will make teachers/pedagogists be able to describe, explain, and validate their own educational practice-such as the content structure of each subject-in the elementary school or the university of education.

Pilot clinical trial of localized concurrent chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis

Han, Kwang-Hyub,Seong, Jinsil,Kim, Ja Kyung,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Lee, Do Yun,Chon, Chae Yoon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Cancer Vol.113 No.5

<B>BACKGROUND.</B><P>Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) have a particularly grave prognosis. In the current study, an attempt was made to localize chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in patients with locally advanced HCC with PVT and good reserve liver function. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of localized CCRT followed by HAIC as a new treatment modality for these patients.</P><B>METHODS.</B><P>Between January 1998 and December 2003, 40 patients were recruited. Concurrent regional chemotherapy using an intra-arterial implanted port plus localized external beam radiotherapy was performed with a total of 45 gray (Gy) over 5 weeks with conventional fractionation and hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which was administered during the first and fifth weeks of radiotherapy. One month after localized CCRT, HAIC with 5-FU and cisplatin was administered every 4 weeks.</P><B>RESULTS.</B><P>One month after localized CCRT, an objective response was observed on the intention-to-treat analysis in 18 of 40 patients (45%). The actuarial 3-year overall survival rate was 24.1% and the median survival time was 13.1 months from the start of radiation treatment. Responders after localized CCRT demonstrated significantly better survival (P = .033) than nonresponders.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS.</B><P>The substantial response rate as well as median survival time noted in the current study encourages the use of this new approach in patients with locally advanced HCC with PVT. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.</P>

Modifying the cathodes of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O₂ sol–gel coating

Yun, Jeong Woo,Yoon, Sung Pil,Park, Sanggyun,Han, Jonghee,Nam, Suk Woo,Lim, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Jin-Soo Elsevier 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.34 No.22

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To increase the performance of solid oxide fuel cells operated at intermediate temperatures (<700°C), we used the electronic conductor La<SUB>0.8</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.2</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> (LSM) and the mixed conductor La<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (LSCF) to modify the cathode in the electrode microstructure. For both cathode materials, we employed a Sm<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ce<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> (SDC) buffer layer as a diffusion barrier on the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte to prevent the interlayer formation of SrZrO<SUB>3</SUB> and La<SUB>2</SUB>Zr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>, which have a poor ionic conductivity. These interfacial reaction products were formed only minimally at the electrolyte–cathode interlayer after sintering the SDC layer at high temperature; in addition, the degree of cathode polarization also decreased. Moreover to extend the triple phase boundary and improve cell performance at intermediate temperatures, we used sol–gel methods to coat an SDC layer on the cathode pore walls. The cathode resistance of the LSCF cathode cell featuring SDC modification reached as low as 0.11Ωcm<SUP>2</SUP> in air when measured at 700°C. The maximum power densities of the cells featuring the modified LSCF and LSM cathodes were 369 and 271mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, when using O<SUB>2</SUB> as the oxidant and H<SUB>2</SUB> as the fuel.</P>

Sudden Intraoperative Hyperkalemia during Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy in a Patient with Underlying Renal Insufficiency

Sung Hoon Jung,Yun-Joung Han,Sang Ho Shin,Hyo Seon Lee,이지영 대한중환자의학회 2018 Acute and Critical Care Vol.33 No.4

We experienced a case of severe intraoperative hyperkalemia during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in a 60-year-old male patient with renal insufficiency, whose hypertension had been managed by preoperative angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and adrenergic beta-antagonist. After renal vessel ligation, his intraoperative potassium concentration suddenly increased to 7.0 mEq/L, but his electrocardiography (ECG) did not show any significant change. While preoperative ARB therapy has been regarded as a contributing factor for further aggravation of underlying renal insufficiency, we assumed that nephrectomy itself and rhabdomyolysis caused by surgical trauma also aggravated the underlying renal dysfunction and resulted in sudden hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia was managed successfully with calcium gluconate, insulin, furosemide and crystalloid loading during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods, and potassium concentration decreased to 5.0 mEq/L at 8 hours after the operation. The patient’s hospital course was uncomplicated, but his renal function deteriorated further.

Obesity, Metabolic Abnormality, and Progression of CKD

Yun, Hae-Ryong,Kim, Hyoungnae,Park, Jung Tak,Chang, Tae Ik,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kang, Shin-Wook,Choi, Kyu Hun,Sung, Suah,Kim, Soo Wan,Lee, Joongyub,Oh, Kook-Hwan,Ahn, Curie,Han, Seung Hyeok,Park, Seohyun,Jhe Elsevier 2018 American Journal of Kidney Diseases Vol.72 No.3

<P><B>Rationale & Objective</B></P> <P>Recent studies have yielded conflicting findings on the association between obesity and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated whether metabolic abnormalities may accelerate the rate of progression of CKD.</P> <P><B>Study Design</B></P> <P>Prospective observational cohort study.</P> <P><B>Setting & Participants</B></P> <P>1,940 participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)</P> <P><B>Predictors</B></P> <P>Obesity and metabolic abnormality. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>. Metabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following 5 components: hypertension, fasting glucose level > 125mg/dL or the presence of type 2 diabetes, triglyceride level > 150mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering drugs, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≤ 40mg/dL in men and ≤ 50mg/dL in women, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level > 1mg/L.</P> <P><B>Outcome</B></P> <P>A composite of a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline value or end-stage kidney disease.</P> <P><B>Analytic Approach</B></P> <P>Multivariable cause-specific hazards models implemented to assess the association between obesity, metabolic abnormality, and CKD progression.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>During a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in 395 (20.4%) patients. In multivariable analyses, after adjustment for confounding factors, obesity and metabolic abnormality were significantly associated with 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.08-1.83; <I>P</I> =0.01) and 1.38-fold (95% CI, 1.03-1.85; <I>P</I> =0.03) increased risk for adverse renal outcomes, respectively. Patients were categorized into 4 groups depending on the presence of obesity and metabolic abnormality. Compared with those with neither obesity nor metabolic abnormality, those with obesity and metabolic abnormality had a greater risk for CKD progression (HR, 1.53; <I>P</I> =0.03). Those with obesity without metabolic abnormality also had a higher rate of CKD progression (HR, 1.97; <I>P</I> =0.01).</P> <P><B>Limitations</B></P> <P>Observational study, limited power to detect cardiovascular disease outcomes, unmeasured confounders.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Both metabolic abnormality and obesity are associated with a significantly increased risk for CKD progression. Notably, obese patients without metabolic abnormality also have an elevated risk for CKD progression.</P>

The correlation between the STOP-Bang score and oxygen saturation during spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation

Yun Minsu,김지욱,Ryu Sung Won,Han Seo,신혜영 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.16 No.3

Background: The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a simple screening tool with high sensitivity for the detection of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Predicting airway obstruction would allow the safe management of sedative patients to prevent intraoperative hypoxia. This study was designed to check the correlation between the STOP-BANG score and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sedation and confirm the availability of the STOP-BANG questionnaire as a preoperative exam for predicting the incidence of hypoxia in sedative patient management.Methods: This study included 56 patients who received spinal anesthesia. The pre-anesthesia evaluation was conducted using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. The patients were under spinal anesthesia with an average block level of T10. Dexmedetomidine was infused with a loading dose of 1 μg/kg over 10 min and a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h until the end of the procedure. The SpO2 of the patients was recorded every 5 min.Results: The STOP-Bang score was negatively correlated with the lowest SpO2 (coefficient = –0.774, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.855 to –0.649, standard error [SE] = 0.054, P < 0.001). The item of “observed apnea” was the most correlated one with hypoxic events (odds ratio = 6.00, 95% CI: 1.086 to 33.145).Conclusions: The STOP-BANG score was significantly correlated with the lowest SpO2 during spinal anesthesia, which enabled the prediction of meaningful hypoxia before it occurred in the sedated patients.

Metabolic syndrome and quality of life (QOL) using generalised and obesity-specific QOL scales

Han, J. H.,Park, H. S.,Shin, C. I.,Chang, H. M.,Yun, K. E.,Cho, S. H.,Choi, E. Y.,Lee, S. Y.,Kim, J. H.,Sung, H. N.,Kim, J. H.,Choi, S. I.,Yoon, Y. S.,Lee, E. S.,Song, H. R.,Bae, S. C. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE -HOVE- Vol.63 No.5

<P>OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessed using generalised and obesity-specific QOL instruments. METHODS: We recruited 456 outpatients [age: 19-81 years, body mass index (BMI): 16.3-36.7 kg/m2] in the primary care division from 12 general hospitals in Korea. HRQOL was measured using EuroQol comprising the health states descriptive system (EQ-5D) and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) as a general instrument. The Korean Obesity-related QOL scale (KOQOL) composed of six domains was used as a disease-specific QOL instrument. MS was defined on the basis of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria with Korean-specific waist circumference cutoffs (men: 90 cm, women: 85 cm). RESULTS: Subjects with MS displayed significantly higher impairment of EQ-5D and KOQOL. Binary logistic regression analysis of MS patients with controls for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, exercise, education, income, marital status and medication history disclosed odds ratio (OR) values of 2.13 (1.33-3.41) for impaired total KOQOL, 2.07 (1.31-3.27) for impaired physical health, 1.63 (1.03-2.60) for impaired work-related health, 2.42 (1.45-4.04) for impaired routine life, 2.08 (1.27-3.40) for impaired sexual life and 2.56 (1.59-4.11) for diet distress. Among the EQ-5D dimensions, only pain/discomfort displayed a significantly increased OR of 1.60 (1.01-2.56) in MS group. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with MS displayed a significantly impaired HRQOL compared with those without MS. MS and HRQOL were more strongly associated in obesity-specific QOL than in generalised QOL.</P>

Isolation and characterization of a dwarf mutant osks2, showing defective gibberellins biosynthesis in rice

Sang Hye Ji,Byung Ohg Ahn,Jung Won Lee,Doh Won Yun,Ung Han Yoon,Sung Han Park,Gang Seob Lee,Chang Kug Kim,Yong Hwan Kim 한국육종학회 2009 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.41 No.1

PLIF and PIV Measurements of Jet Flames with Acoustically Forced Coaxial Air Jets

Han Jeong Jae,Kim Munki,Yun Sang Wook,Yoon Youngbin The Korean Society of Visualization 2005 한국가시화정보학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Acoustic excitations were imposed to coaxial air jet of non-premixed jet flame with hydrogen gaseous injected axially in the center of the flow. The frequencies of excitation were three dominant resonant frequencies at 1L, 2L, 3L. modes including specially 514 Hz (2L-mode) which was estimated theoretically as longitudinal mode of combustor characteristics. The mixing enhancement by acoustic forcing has been investigated quantitatively using PLIF and PIV. The effect of acoustic excitation on combustion process was significant to enhance mixing rate that coincides with specific resonant frequencies. And the behavior of vortex-interaction on flame structure was a good evidence to investigate the phenomenon of shear/mixing layer of fuel-air jet structure. The results obtained in this study concludes that generated streamwise vortex by acoustic excitation has a potential to enhance the mixing rate and abating NOx emissions.