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(노트) Solow-Swan 신고전파 성장모형을 이용한 아시아 경제 수렴화 연구: 확률계수모형을 이용하여
김지욱,김학수 한국계량경제학회 2003 계량경제학보 Vol.14 No.3
아시아지역 국가그룹 간 소득수준의 수렴성 여부를 국가 간 이질성(heterogeneity)을 허용하면서 유사성(similarity)를 동시에 고려하는 확률계수모형(random coefficient model)을 이용하여 Solow-Swan 신고전파 성장모델에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 아시아지역 국가 간에 지역그룹의 균제상태 소득수준으로 수렴하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 수렴속도는 0.0032부터 0.0233까지의 수준으로 나타나 OECD 국가나 유럽지역 등 타지역 분석에서 얻어지는 수렴속도보다는 대체로 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 이유는 타지역보다 아시아국가 간 경제발전단계나 사회적ㆍ경제적 수준의 격차가 상이하여 국가 간 이질성이 높기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 GDP 대비 투자비율이 증가할수록 경제성장률이 상승하여 왔으며 수렴효과를 지속시키고 있고, 인구증가률은 경제상장률에 그 반대의 효과로 나타났다.
Alcohol and Cognition in the Elderly: A Review
김지욱,이동영,이병철,정명훈,Hano Kim,Yong Sung Choi,최인근 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.1
Consumption of large amounts of alcohol is known to have negative effects, but consumption in smaller amounts may be protective. The effect of alcohol may be greater in the elderly than in younger adults, particularly with regard to cognition. However, the drinking pattern that will provide optimal protection against dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly has not been systematically investigated. The present paper is a critical review of research on the effect of alcohol on cognitive function and dementia in the elderly. Studies published from 1971 to 2011 related to alcohol and cognition in the elderly were reviewed using a PubMed search. Alcohol may have both a neurotoxic and neuroprotective effect. Longitudinal and brain imaging studies in the elderly show that excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, but low to moderate alcohol intake may protect against cognitive decline and dementia and provide cardiovascular benefits. Evidence suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption in the elderly protects against cognitive decline and dementia exists; however, because of varying methodology and a lack of standardized definitions, these findings should be interpreted with caution. It is important to conduct more, well-designed studies to identify the alcohol drinking pattern that will optimally protect the elderly against cognitive decline and dementia.
The Current Situation of Treatment Systems for Alcoholism in Korea
김지욱,이병철,강태천,최인근 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.2
Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious issues in Korea. The purpose of this review article was to understand the present status of the treatment system for alcoholism in Korea compared to the United States and to suggest its developmental direction in Korea. Current modalities of alcoholism treatment in Korea including withdrawal treatment,pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial treatment are available according to Korean evidencebased treatment guidelines. Benzodiazepines and supportive care including vitamin and nutritional support are mainly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in Korea. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the drugs of first choice to treat chronic alcoholism. Psychosocial treatment methods such as individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, cue exposure therapy, 12-step facilitation therapy,self-help group therapy, and community-based treatment have been carried out to treat chronic alcoholism in Korea. However, current alcohol treatment system in Korea is not integrative compared to that in the United States. To establish the treatment system, it is important to set up an independent governmental administration on alcohol abuse, to secure experts on alcoholism, and to conduct outpatient alcoholism treatment programs and facilities in an open system including some form of continuing care.
Change of inspired oxygen concentration in low flow anesthesia
김지욱,Kang Donghee,Lee Hochul,Ryu Sungwon,Ryu Siejeong,Kim Doosik 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.15 No.4
Background: There are several advantages of low flow anesthesia including safety, economics, and eco-friendliness. However, oxygen concentration of fresh gas flow and inspired gas are large different in low flow anesthesia. This is a hurdle to access to low flow anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the change in inhaled oxygen concentration in low flow anesthesia using oxygen and medical air.Methods: A total of 60 patients scheduled for elective surgery with an American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I or II were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups. Group H: Fresh gas flow rate (FGF) 4 L/min (FiO₂ 0.5). Group L: FGF 1 L/min (FiO₂ 0.5). FGF was applied 4 L/min in initial phase (10 min) after intubation. After initial phase FGF was adjusted according to groups. FGF continued at the end of surgery. Oxygen and inhalation anesthetic gas concentration were recorded for 180 min at 15 min interval.Results: The inspired oxygen concentration decreased by 5.5% during the first 15 min in the group L. Inspired oxygen decreased by 1.5% during next 15 min. Inspired oxygen decreased by 1.4% for 30 to 60 min. The inspired oxygen of group L is 35.4 ± 4.0% in 180 min. The group H had little difference in inspired oxygen concentration over time and decreased by 1.8% for 180 min.Conclusions: The inspired oxygen concentration is maintained at 30% or more for 180 min in patients under 90 kg. Despite some technical difficulties, low flow anesthesia may be considered.
김지욱,Lee A Ran,Park Eun Sun,Yun Minsu,Ryu Sung Won,Kim Uk Gwan,강동희,Kim Ju Deok 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.17 No.1
Background: This study assessed the effect of a single bolus administration of lidocaine on the prevention of tourniquet-induced hypertension (TIH) and compared the effect of lidocaine to that of ketamine in patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blind study included 75 patients who underwent lower limb surgery using a tourniquet. The patients were administered lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg, n = 25), ketamine (0.2 mg/kg, n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). The study drugs were administered intravenously 10 min before tourniquet inflation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured before tourniquet inflation, after tourniquet inflation for 60 min at 10 min intervals, and immediately after tourniquet deflation. The incidence of TIH, defined as an increase of 30% or more in SBP or DBP during tourniquet inflation, was also recorded.Results: SBP, DBP, and HR increased significantly over time in the control group compared to those in the lidocaine and ketamine groups for 60 min after tourniquet inflation (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively). The incidence of TIH was significantly lower in the lidocaine (n = 4, 16%) and ketamine (n = 3, 12%) group than in the control group (n = 14, 56%) (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Single-bolus lidocaine effectively attenuated blood pressure increase due to tourniquet inflation, with an effect comparable to that of bolus ketamine.
가정교과를 적용한 결혼이주여성 대상 가정생활문화교육 프로그램 개발과 효과
김지욱,전미경 한국가정과교육학회 2014 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.26 No.4
The purpose of this study is to develop a family life educational program and verify the effectiveness hereof in order to improve a family life and enhance practice ability for marriage immigrant women. The content of family life educational program was composed based on the family life education lesson of the home economics textbooks. The adequacy of the program content was verified by the two experts. The study subjects were the 14 marriage immigrant women living in J-gu of Seoul and the program was conducted for 3 days from September 16 to October 7 2014 at the Seoul J Multicultural Family Support Center. As for program evaluation, this study conducted both an objective evaluation and subjective evaluation (semi-structured interview and survey). The author of this study composed the questions of the objective evaluation on the basis of the previous studies and home economics textbooks. The aforementioned two experts verified the questions thereof. The important findings of this study are as follows. First, this study developed the family life educational program that consisted of a total of 8 rounds on the basis of "the happy family life education lesson led by family". Second, this study ensured that the family life educational program for marriage immigrant women would help understand the Korean traditional culture and also the family culture of their homeland. Also, this study aimed to allow the study subjects to develop an attitude to respect the diversity of family life culture. Third, it was found that the effectiveness of the program was statistically significant in the objective evaluation through the ex ante and ex post assessment as a result of the program effectiveness test. From the subjective evaluation, all the participants had a high degree of satisfaction with more than 4.0 points in all of the following areas: program objective achievement, adequacy of program contents and activities and program operation. As a result of the subjective evaluation through the semi-structured interview, this study confirmed a high level of desire for family life education through the willingness of marriage immigrant women to continue to learn the in-depth contents related to family life education. The above findings of this study imply that a family life educational program based on home economics can play a critical role in implementing a healthy family life education for marriage immigrant women. 이 연구의 목적은 결혼이주여성을 대상으로 가정생활의 향상 및 실천 능력의 증진을 위하여 가정생활문화교육 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 가정생활문화교육 프로그램 내용은 가정교과서의 가정생활문화 단원을 바탕으로 구성되었다. 프로그램 내용의 타당성은 2명의 전문가에게 검증받았다. 연구대상자는 서울시 J구에 거주하는 14명의 결혼이주여성이며, 프로그램은 서울 J다문화가족지원센터에서 2014. 9.16-10.7일까지 총 3일에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 프로그램의 평가는 객관적 평가와 주관적 평가(반구조화된 면접 및 설문조사)를 통해 실시하였으며, 객관적 평가 문항은 선행연구 및 가정교과서를 바탕으로 연구자가 구성하였고, 그 내용은 전문가 2인으로부터 검증받았다. 이 연구의 주요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학교 가정교과서 ‘가족이 여는 행복한 가정생활문화 단원’을 중심으로 총 8회기로 구성된 가정생활문화교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 둘째, 결혼이주여성을 위한 가정생활문화교육 프로그램은 우리나라 전통문화의 이해 및 자신들 모국의 가족문화의 이해를 도모할 수 있도록 하였고, 나아가 가족생활문화의 다양성을 존중하는 태도를 기르고자 하였다. 셋째, 프로그램 효과성 결과를 살펴보면, 사전-사후 검사를 통한 객관적 평가에서 프로그램의 효과성이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또 주관적 평가 결과, 모든 참여자가 프로그램 목표달성, 프로그램 내용과 활동의 적절성, 운영만족도에서 4.0점 이상의 높은 만족도를 보였다. 반구조화된 면접을 통한 주관적 평가의 결과, 결혼이주여성들은 가정생활문화와 관련 심화된 내용을 지속적으로 배우고 싶다는 의지에서 가정생활문화교육에 대한 높은 욕구를 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과는 가정교과를 활용한 가정생활문화교육 프로그램이 결혼이주여성의 건강한 가정생활문화 구현에 주요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.
企業公開論 : 5·29措置를 中心으로 relative to the 5·29 executive measures in particular
金址郁 건국대학교 1974 樂圓誌 Vol.9 No.1
In view of the fact that the corporations of our country are now being compeled to disclose themselves to the public, the writer tried to define the meaning of disclosure of corporations as being disclosure of accounts along with dispersing or disclosing their stocks to the public. I emphasized that the disclosure of accounts would contribute to protecting the interested parties around the corporations and simultaneously expediting the rationalization of management through the introduction of external audit system. On the other hand, I suggested that through dispersing the stocks of close corporations to the general investors and also financing themselves directly from the stock investors instead of private money lenders, they could not only attain their object of rationalizing their management but also enlarge themselves. I urged, however, that this problem should be solved by the disclosure of accounts prior to the dispersing of stocks and that the disclosure of accounts must be done step by step and not in a hurry from the view point of Korean economic stage. As for the dispersing of stocks, I foresee that it would be achieved by the development of the stock market where stocks will be transacted smoothly under the adequate appraisals of the general investors for the stocks. Thus, I appreciate very highly the current 5.29 executive measures as being a most reasonable policy which will expedite a long stride development of Korean enterprise. However, I consider that it would be more advisable to adopt the method of step-by-step rather than that of a hurry. By C.W.Kim