유통업의 지식경영 도입 방안에 관한 연구

Yoo,Sang-jin,Cha,Young-han 한국산업경영학회 2002 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.2

In this study, an effective methodology to introduce knowledge management system into the retail business is suggested by overall analysis of examples those were carried out in business area. Different from existing studies, which focus on theoretical aspect only, this study focuses its attention on theoretical & practical aspect simultaneously and tries to find a long-term & integrated knowledge management strategy. With examining the examples of knowledge management, this study deals with the fundamental conception, the procedure and the organization of knowledge management. Moreover, this study practically analyzes the knowledge management system of the company named "H", one of the retail business companies. By clarifying the problems, which is involved in the knowledge management process of the above company, this study suggests an improvement methodology to introduce and settle down knowledge management system into retail business company for the future. This study has good results in the viewpoint that it gives a definite direction of knowledge management introduction. However, there is some limitation such as the insufficiency of examples and the omission of documented analysis. Therefore, this study leaves some task to be achieved in the future.

자금재조달위험이 경영자 이익예측에 미치는 영향

유일한(Yu, Il-han),신상훈(Shin, Sang-hoon),유승원(Yoo, Seung-weon) 한국국제회계학회 2017 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.72

본 논문에서는 자금재조달 위험이 경영자 이익예측에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 구체적으로 2004년부터 2014년까지 유가증권 상장기업의 경영자이익예측정보를 이용하여 자금재조달 위험이 경영자 이익예측의 편의에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 자금재조달 위험이 경영자 이익예측의 낙관성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 자본시장을 통한 자금재조달을 앞둔 경영자는 자본비용의 감소를 위해 기업의 미래성과를 낙관적으로 조망함으로써 긍정적인 시장의 전망을 유도할 유인이 있는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 현금 보유비율이 낮은 기업일수록 경영자가 이익예측을 낙관적으로 할 가능성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 자금재조달을 앞두고 충분한 현금을 보유하고 있는 회사의 경우 그렇지 않은 회사에 비해 자금재조달 시에 발생 가능한 여러 위험에 보다 유연하게 대응할 수 있다. 따라서 현금 보유비율이 높은 기업의 경우 경영자들에게 낙관적 이익예측을 통해 시장의 긍정적인 반응을 유도할 유인이 줄어드는 것이다. 이는 현금 보유비율이 높이는 것이 자금재조달 위험을 낮추는 방편 중 하나가 될 수 있다는 선행연구(Jarrad Harford 2014)와도 일관된 결과이다. 본 연구는 자금재조달 위험이 기업 영업에 중요한 논제임에 비해 국내 연구가 미진한 현 상황에서 자금재조달 위험이 경영자의 이익조정 뿐만 아니라 이익예측 관련 공시 정보에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 입증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 자금재조달 위험에 따른 경영자들의 이익예측 편의는 경영자들의 기회주의적 면모를 재조명한 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 나아가 본 논문은 현금보유 수준에 따라 경영자 이익 예측 성향이 달라질 수 있음을 입증하며 자금 대여자들의 의사결정에 필요한 시사점을 제공하리라 생각한다. In this paper, we investigate the effect of fund re-financing risk on managerial earnings forecast. Specifically, from 2004 to 2014, we analyzed the effects of the risk of refinancing of funds on the convenience of managerial earnings forecasts using information on managerial earnings forecasts of listed companies. The results of this study are as follows: First, the risk of refinancing affects the optimism of managerial earnings forecast. Management seems to have an incentive to induce a positive market outlook by optimizing the future performance of the company in order to reduce capital costs. Second, the lower the cash holding ratio, the more likely the manager is likely to be optimistic about earnings forecasts. Companies that have sufficient cash ahead of their refinancing can respond more flexibly to the risks that may arise when refinancing funds compared to non-cash companies. Therefore, for firms with high cash holdings, the incentive to induce positive responses to the market through optimistic earnings forecasts is reduced. This is consistent with Jarrad Harford (2014), which suggests that increasing cash holdings can be one of the ways to lower the risk of refinancing. This study has proved that the risk of refinancing is influential not only on managers" profit adjustment but also on profit forecasting information in the current situation where domestic research is insufficient. In addition, managers" profit forecasting convenience due to the risk of refinancing of funds can be seen as a reexamination of opportunistic aspects of management. In addition, this paper proves that the propensity to predict earnings will vary according to the level of cash holdings and will provide implications for women"s decision making.

보문 : 버섯 세균성갈색무늬병원균(Pseudomonas tolaasii)의 분비 독소(tolaasin)를 저해하는 미생물 Pseudomonas sp. HC1

이찬중 ( Chan Jung Lee ),유영미 ( Young Mi Yoo ),한주연 ( Ju Yeon Han ),전창성 ( Chang Sung Jhune ),정종천 ( Jong Chun Cheong ),문지원 ( Ji Won Moon ),서장선 ( Jang Sun Suh ),한혜수 ( Hye Su Han1 ),차재순 ( Jae Soon Cha ) 한국균학회 2013 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.41 No.4

A Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from mushroom media that markedly reduces the level of extracellular toxins (i.e., tolaasins) produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. The HC1 strain was selected as detoxifying tolaasin by bioassay on potato and it was identified Pseudomonas sp. by the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, and analysis of the 16S rRNA.. The isolated bacterium is saprophytic but not parasitic nor pathogenic to cultivation mushroom. The isolated bacterium for P. tolaasii cell, was sufficient for detoxification in vitro. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium prevents the development of bacterial disease in Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammunia velutipes and Agaricus bisporus. Control efficacy of brown blotch of strain HC1 treatment was 69, 68 and 55% on Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The suppressive bacterium may be useful in future for the development of biocontrol system and the construction of genetically modified edible fungi resistant to the disease caused by P. tolaasii.

입제의 수면처리에 의한 주요수도해충의 동시방제

최승윤,배상희,송유한,Choi Seung Yoon,Bae Sang Hee,Song Yoo Han 한국응용곤충학회 1970 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 시험은 유기인계 살충제인 Terracur P입제 및 Lebaycid 입제와 유기염소계 살충제인 상감마입제$(\gamma-BHC 입제)$를 수면시용 하였을때 수도요해충인 이화명충, 끝 동매미충, 애멸구 및 흰둥멸구에 대한 동시방제가능성과 방제적기를 구명하고 약제간의 방제효과를 비교코저 실시하였다. 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 약제처리후 부화직후 이화명충 접종 시험에 있어서 상감마와 Terracur P는 높은 살충율을 보였으나 Lebaycid의 살충율은 낮았다. 約 $50\%$ 살충력 잔효일수에 있어서 상감마는 8-14日이었고 Terracur P는 6일간이었다. 2) 당초 계획된 방제적기에 관한 정보는 얻을 수 없었다. 즉 주어진 일간격이 좁아 유의한 차를 얻을 수 없었다. 3) 1,2화기 이화명충에 대한 방제효과는 Terracur P=상감마>Lebaycid의 순이었다. 4) Terracur P와 Lebaycid 입제의 처리는 끝동매미충의 방제효과가 좋았으나 상감마$(\gamma-BHC 입제)$의 방제효과는 기대할 수 없었다. 끝동매미충에 대한 Terracur P와 Lebaycid입제의 잔효력은 30일 이상이었다. 5) 애멸구와 흰등별구에 대한 시험은 충의 서식밀도가 낮기 때문에 약제간 방제효과를 얻을 수 없었다. 6) 공시약제중 Terracur P와 Lebaycidd입제는 이화명충과 끌동매미충의 동시방제제로서 사용할 수 있을 것 같다. This experiment was conducted to find out the simultaneous control effect of granulated insecticides on the several major rice insect pests in Korea. The granulated insecticides used were Terracur P$5\%$ (one of the phosphoric insecticides), Lebaycid $5\%$, and Sang-gamma (gamma-BHC) $6\%$. Those insecticides were broadcasted by hand on the paddy field at the ratio of 3kg. in June and 4kg. in August per 10 a, and the date of insecticidal application was based on the maximum moth occurrence of the rice stem borer in 1969. The rice insect pests tested in this study were rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis W.), green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix bipunctatus cincticeps U.), smiller brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus F.), and white back planthopper (Sogotella furcifera H.). For the study of residual effectiveness of the insecticides, the rice stem borer larvae just hatched from the eggs were installed on the sheath of rice plants collected from the paddy field after insecticidal treatment, and the mortality was made at 48 hours after installation. High mortality was observed in Terracur P and Sang-gamma treatments and low mortality in Lebaycid treatment. The duration of residual effects giving about 50% mortality was about 14 days in Sang-gamma and about 6 days in Terracur P treatments. The study on the effectiveness of the insecticides to the rice stem borer in the paddy field was made by the number of dead blades and white heads of the rice plants injured by the larvae, and the number of survival larvae in the straws after crop harvest. The order of insecticidal effectiveness to the rice stem borer was Terracur P=Sang-gamm>Lebaycid. The study on the effectiveness of the insecticides to the leafhoppers and planthoppers in the paddy field was made by the population density by sweeping (5 times) at the given day intervals after treatments. Terracur P was highly effective for the control of the green rice leafhoppers and Lebaycid was moderately effective, but Sang-gamma seemed not to be effective. The effectiveness of the insecticides tested to the planthoppers was not clear, and it seemed to related with the low insect population density. Study on the determination of proper timing of insecticidal application was not also made clear, and it seemed to be short in the range of day intervals in the insecticidal application. For the study on the control effects of the rice insect pests, rice yield per 100 hills per plot was observed. There was no statistically significant difference among the treatments in rice yields, but the order of yield (Terracur P>Sang-gamma>Lebaycid>Control) was paralleled with the tends of control effects above mentioned. In a view point of simultaneous control of the rice stem borers and green rice leafhoppers by the application of granulated insecticides, Terracur P and Lebaycid were more effective than Sang-gamma which have been used.

병자호란 전후(1636-1638) 소의 역병(牛疫) 발생과 확산의 국제성

김동진(KIM Dong Jin),유한상(YOO Han Sang) 대한의사학회 2013 醫史學 Vol.22 No.1

This study reviewed the outbreak and prevalence of cattle plague around Byeongjahoran from the perspective of international war in East Asia. First of all, the epidemiological characteristics of cattle plague in Manchuria where the outbreak of cattle plague was first reported around Byeongjahoran were analyzed. From the study, it was found the military activities that Sarhu (Qing) had made during the growth into Empire promoted the exchanges of various germs which became naturalized in the regions in Northeast Asia, and that such extreme situation as war made various diseases taken place and dispersed. In particular, because of military activities of Sarhu (Qing), various contagious diseases including smallpox which was prevalent in Inner-Mongolia and Shanxi became prevalent in Manchuria. During the contacts with Chosun after Jeongmyohoran, pathogen occurring Rinderpest was introduced into Manchuria. Favorable conditions for the interactions with various pathogens were provided by frequent contacts with wild animals through hunting and various cultivation groups composed of Manchurians, Mongolians, Han-Chinese and Chosun people. Rinderpest breaking in Chosun around Byeongjahoran was originated in Shenyang in 1636. It was transmitted to cattle in the Korean Peninsula and expanded to Kansai Region. At that time Rinderpest occurred and rapidly expanded in a specific area due to the interactions of pathogens, hosts and environments, and suddenly disappeared because of the extinction and the separation of hosts. It is consistent with the symptoms of modern times ‘Rinderpest.’ In Chosun it occurred in Pyeongan-do 4 months before the outbreak of Byeongjahoran and gave great damage on the capital area and northern Gyeonggi region. Because of the large scale migration of militaries after Byeongjahoran, Rindpest was expanded to Hasamdo and was terminated in February to April leaving big damages. The damages of Byeongjahoran were very severe. From the statistical records, it was found that the mortality rate in Gyenggi-do was around 2/3, around 50% in Jeju area. The mortality rate of infected cattle was around 75%. In some records based on individual cases, 80-100% of mortality rate was addressed. It is comparable to 25% of mortality in 1627, and is near or less than the mortality rate of Rinderpest in the 19th and 20the century. When analyzing the expansion of Rinderpest from the perspective of place, the most damaged places were areas near the busy roads or the places with dense population. Therefore, the remote places far from busy roads or separated from the affected places right after the outbreak did not have much damage. Additionally, rich stock-feeders (豪民) had relatively small damages and poor households (小民) with 1 or 2 stokes were badly affected. The prevention and supply of medication by government made considerably positive effects on the prevention and treatment of Finderpest.

류마티스 관절염에 대한 한약의 면역학적 연구동향

최도영,이재동,백용현,이송실,유명철,한정수,양형인,박상도,유미현,박은경,박동석,Choi, Do-young,Lee, Jae-dong,Back, Yong-hyeon,Lee, Song-shil,Yoo, Myung-chul,Han, Chung-soo,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Sang-do,Ryu, Mi-hyun,Park, Eun-kyung,Park, 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The CharacterIzation of ornithine decarboxylase (CaOCD1) and ascorbate peroxidase (CaAPX1) genes in TMV-resistant hot pepper

Yoo, Tae Hyoung,Park, Chang-Jin,Han, Sang-Je,Lee, Gil-Je,Shin, Ryoung,Yun, Ji-Hyun,Kim, Ki-Jeong,Peak, Kyung-Hee 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

CaAPX1와 CaODC1의 발현 양상과 발현양을 조사하고 병저항성에 관련하여 각가의 유전자가 작용하는 기능을 알아보기 위해 담배에 형질전환체를 만들고 있는 중으로 현재 CaODC1이 형질전환체로 생산되었다. Capsicum annuum L. is infected by a number of viruses including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). To study the defense-related genes induced against TMV in hot pepper, the leaves of pepper plant which is susceptible to P1.2 but resistant to P0 pathotype of TMV were inoculated with TMV-P0, and genes specifically up- or down-regulated during hypersensitive response were isolated by differential screening. Of those, two cDNA clones, CaODC1 and CaAPX1, were selected for further study. The CaODC1 cDNA clone putatively encoding a polypeptide of ornithine decaroboxylase and the CaAPX1 of ascorbate peroxidase were isolated. The full-length cDNAs, which is 1433 bp for CaODC1 and 972 bp for CaAPX1, contain the open reading frame of 436 and 250-amino aced residues, respectively. The response of these genes upon other pathogen infection was also examined by the bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas compestris pv. vesicatoria race 3) inoculation. Both genes were induced in a hot pepper (C. annuum cv. ECW 20R) resistnat to this bacterial pathogen but not in a susceptible hot pepper (C. annuum cv. ECW). Especially, the transcript level of CaODC1 gene was increased rapidly in the early time after the inoculation. The result suggests possible role(s) for CaAPX1 and CaODC1 genes in plant defense against pathogens including a virus.

Surgical Resection versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Single Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Data from Korea Central Cancer Registry for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database

( Han Ah Lee ),( Yoo Ra Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Young-sun Lee ),( Sang Jun Suh ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Dong-sik Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: This study compared the survival benefits between surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients registered in the database of Korea central cancer registry for HCC between 2008 and 2014 who received surgical resection or RFA for a single HCC of maximum size 3cm were reviewed. The cumulative overall survival (OS) and retreatment-free survival (RFS) were compared according to the type of treatment. Results: A total of 1426 patients were included, 662 (46.4%) in the resection group and 764 (53.6%) in the RFA group. The 5-year OS rates were 91.8% for resection, and 84.9% for RFA, respectively (P<0.001). The 5-year RFS rates were 77.8% for the resection and 70.5% for RFA, respectively (P=0.002). In patients with maximum tumor size <2cm, there was no significant difference in 5-year OS rates between the two groups (91.8% for resection, and 87.5% for RFA, respectively; P=0.094), while resection was superior to RFA in the 5-year RFS rates (81.0% for resection, and 72.3% for RFA, respectively; P=0.017). Resection was superior in both 5-year OS and RFS rates in those with maximum tumor size ≥2cm and <3cm (91.9% for resection, and 80.2% for RFA, respectively; P<0.001; 76.2% for resection, and 67.2% for RFA, respectively; P=0.007). In the entire cohort, type of treatment (HR 1.457, P=0.032), age (HR 1.031, P<0.001), serum albumin (HR 0.466, P<0.001), and serum creatinine level (HR 1.282, P<0.001) were independently associated with survival. Type of treatment (HR 1.544, P<0.001) and maximum size of tumor (HR 1.353, P=0.002) were independent predictors of RFS. Conclusions: In patients with maximum tumor size <2cm, OS is comparable between resection and RFA groups, while RFS is better in resection group. Surgical resection is superior in both OS and RFS in patients with maximum tumor size ≥2cm and <3cm.

Chitosan microspheres as delivery vesicle for effective mucosal immunity to Brucella abortus malate dehydrogenase (MDH)

( Sang Hee Soh ),( Soojin Shim ),( Young Bin Im ),( Han Sang Yoo ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2018 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2018 No.1

Introduction: Brucellosis is a world widespread zoonotic disease that is transmitted from domestic animals to humans, effective and safe vaccine development have been required. In previous study, stimulation of recombinant proteins in THP-1 cells revealed malate dehydrogenase (MDH) as a high pro-inflammatory cytokine inducer. Also, it has been reported to be immunogenic and to be related to the bacterial pathogenesis. Brucellosis can be transmitted via aerosol exposure; hence the induction of protective immunity at respiratory mucosal surfaces is usually an expected attribute in the field of development of new vaccines. Therefore, this study produced delivery vesicle with immunostimulatory activities using chitosan, which is known to enhance mucosal absorption for effective B.abortus MDH delivery to the respiratory tract. Materials and Methods: After protein expression and purification, size and specificity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with an anti-His antibody. Chitosan microspheres (CMs) were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate anions. Prepared CMs were dispersed in 1ml of protein solution (4mg/ml, pH 7.4 PBS) and loading efficiency was measured by quantifying the unloaded protein in the supernatant in each time. Transmissible electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering spectrophotometer (DLS) was using to characterize morphology and size distribution. Results: SDS-PAGE profiles indicated purified TF and MDH was 52kDa and 85.71kDa sized, respectively. The recombinant proteins expressed with pCold TF vector were confirmed by western blot using anti-histidine antibody. The loading efficiency of TF and MDH into CMs was 61.23±3.58 and 50.97±0.82 %. TEM results showing that morphologies of CMs were spherical shapes. Average microsphere sizes of CMs, TF-loaded CMs, and MDH-loaded PCMs measured by DLS were 0.32±0.09, 1.87±0.46 and 0.66±0.16Om, respectively, with the increased particle sizes of CMs after the loading of TF and MDH. Release of TF and MDH from loaded CMs was released at 27% and 39% up to 80 hours respectively. Conclusions: Chitosan microspheres were produced and characterized as delivery carriers for effective mucosal immunity. Immune stimulatory activities will be analyzed in THP-1 cells and mice intranasally immunized with the CMs in further studies. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by KHIDI (No. HI16C2130), the BK21 PLUS program and the RIVS, Seoul Nat’l University, Republic of Korea.

External Application of Fermented Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Oil Alleviates Inflammatory Responses in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzeneinduced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

Sang-Chul Han,Gyeoung-Jin Kang,Yeong-Jong Ko,Hee-Kyoung Kang,Sang-Wook Moon,Yong-Seok Ann,Eun-Sook Yoo 한국독성학회 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by edema and infiltration with various inflammatory cells such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and T cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced mainly by epidermal keratinocytes, as well as dermal fibroblasts and mast cells in the skin lesions of AD. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflammation in allergic patients. Fermentation has a tremendous capacity to transform chemical structures. The antiinflammatory effects of fish oil have been described in many diseases, but the beneficial effects by which fermented olive flounder oil (FOF) modulates the allergic response is poorly understood. In this study, we produced FOF and tested its ability to suppress the various allergic inflammatory responses. The ability of FOF to modulate the immune system was investigated using a mouse model of AD. The FOF-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine in serum. Also, the increased TSLP expression was significantly inhibited in the FOF group; the FOF-treated group was not appreciably different from the hydrocort cream treatment group. In addition, FOF treatment resulted in a smaller spleen size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. Splenocytes from mice treated with FOF produced significantly less IFN-γ, IL-4, T-box transcription factor (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression compared with the induction group. These results suggest that FOF may be effective in treating the allergic symptoms of AD. 5.