Peptidoglycan activation of the proPO-system without a peptidoglycan receptor protein (PGRP)?

Liu, Haipeng,Wu, Chenglin,Matsuda, Yasuyuki,Kawabata, Shun-ichiro,Lee, Bok Luel,Sö,derhä,ll, Kenneth,Sö,derhä,ll, Irene Elsevier 2011 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.35 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Recognition of microbial polysaccharide by pattern recognition receptors triggers the prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascade, resulting in melanin synthesis and its deposition on the surface of invading pathogens. Several masquerade-like proteins and serine proteinase homologues have been shown to be involved in the proPO activation in insects. In this study, a novel serine proteinase homologue, <I>Pl</I>-SPH2, was found and isolated as a 30kDa protein from hemocytes of the freshwater crayfish, <I>Pacifastacus leniusculus</I>, by its binding property to a partially lysozyme digested or TCA-treated insoluble Lysine (Lys)-type peptidoglycan (PGN) and soluble polymeric Lys-type PGN. Two other proteins, the <I>Pl</I>-SPH1 and lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) were also found in the several different PGN-binding assays. However no PGRP homologue was detected. Neither was any putative PGRP found after searching available crustacean sequence databases. If RNA interference of <I>Pl</I>-SPH2, <I>Pl</I>-SPH1 or LGBP in the crayfish hematopoietic tissue cell culture was performed, it resulted in lower PO activity following activation of the proPO-system by soluble Lys-type PGN. Taken together, we report for the first time that Lys-type PGN is a trigger of proPO-system activation in a crustacean and that two <I>Pl</I>-SPHs are involved in this activation possibly by forming a complex with LGBP and without a PGRP.</P>

Significance of considering respiratory movement in estimating sleep stage

Haipeng Liu,Yuhang Xu,Dingchang Zheng 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.2

We read with great interest the paper “Sleep stage estimationmethods using a camera for home use” by Nochino et al. [ 1 ]. The paper proposed a method of sleep stage (wake, light,deep, and rapid-eye movement (REM)) estimation using anoff -the-shelf camera. Recognizing its potential in providingconvenient daily sleep monitoring for home use, we wouldlike to open a productive discussion concerning the methodologicalerrors and limitations presented in the paper.

Elucidating Bottlenecks to the Efficient Preparation of AB₅-Hexamer Mucosal Adjuvant Protein LTm by Genetic Engineering

( Di Liu ),( Fabiao Hu ),( Wenpeng Wang ),( Dong Wu ),( Xiujuan He ),( Wenyun Zheng ),( Haipeng Liu ),( Xingyuan Ma ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.8

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and its non-toxic mutant (LTm) are well-known powerful mucosal adjuvants and immunogens. However, the yields of these adjuvants from genetically engineered strains remain at extremely low levels, thereby hindering their extensive application in fundamental and clinical research. Therefore, efficient production of these adjuvant proteins from genetically engineered microbes is a huge challenge in the field of molecular biology. In order to explore the expression bottlenecks of LTm in E. coli, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids based on various considerations and gene expression strategies. After comparing the protein expression among strains containing different recombinant plasmids, the signal sequence was found to be critical for the expression of LTm and its subunits. When the signal sequence was present, the strong hydrophobicity and instability of this amino acid sequence greatly restricted the generation of subunits. However, when the signal sequence was removed, abundantly expressed subunits formed inactive inclusion bodies that could not be assembled into the hexameric native form, although the inclusion body subunits could be refolded and the biological activity recovered in vitro. Therefore, the dilemma choice of signal sequence formed bottlenecks in the expression of LTm. These results reveal the expression bottlenecks of LTm, provide guidance for the preparation of LTm and its subunits, and certainly help to promote efficient preparation of this mucosal adjuvant protein.

Optimal Incremental-containment Control of Two-order Swarm System Based on Reinforcement Learning

Haipeng Chen,Wenxing Fu,Kang Chen,Junmin Liu,Dengxiu Yu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.10

In this paper, the optimal incremental-containment control of two-order swarm system based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed to avoid the dilemma that the number of agents in a swarm system is immutable, which is essential for a swarm system that cannot meet the containment demands and need more agents to expand the containment range. Notably, the number of agents in a swarm system with a traditional containment controller is immutable, which limits the containment range that the swarm system can achieve. Besides, in traditional optimal control theory, it is obtained by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation, which is difficult to solve due to the unknown nonlinearity. To overcome these problems, several contributions are made in this paper. Firstly, in order to overcome the dilemma that the number of agents in the swarm system is immutable, the incremental-containment control is proposed. Secondly, considering the error and control input as the optimization goal, the optimal cost function is introduced and the optimal incremental-containment control is proposed to reduce resource waste and increase hardware service life. Furthermore, based on the proposed optimal incrementalcontainment control, the controller is designed by a new RL based on the backstepping method. The Lyapunov function is used to prove the stability of controller. The simulation show the efficiency of the proposed controller.

Gamma correction FCM algorithm with conditional spatial information for image segmentation

( Yang Liu ),( Haipeng Chen ),( Xuanjing Shen ),( Yongping Huang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.9

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is a most usually technique for medical image segmentation. But conventional FCM fails to perform well enough on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with the noise and intensity inhomogeneity (IIH). In the paper, we propose a Gamma correction conditional FCM algorithm with spatial information (GcsFCM) to solve this problem. Firstly, the pre-processing, Gamma correction, is introduced to enhance the details of images. Secondly, the spatial information is introduced to reduce the effect of noise. Then we introduce the effective neighborhood mechanism into the local space information to improve the robustness for the noise and inhomogeneity. And the mechanism describes the degree of participation in generating local membership values and building clusters. Finally, the adjustment mechanism and the spatial information are combined into the weighted membership function. Experimental results on four image volumes with noise and IIH indicate that the proposed GcsFCM algorithm is more effective and robust to noise and IIH than the FCM, sFCM and csFCM algorithms.

Provenance and tectonic setting of the Yimianpo Group in the southeastern Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Block: constraints on the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean

Mishan Zhong,Jin Liu,Zhenghong Liu,Jundian Chen,Hongchao Yu,Haipeng Wang,Junshi Lu,Zijie Wu,Mingchen Pan,Liaoning Geological Exploration Institute Co., Ltd.,Yilong Wang 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.4

The timing of the collision between the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Block (SNZRB) and the Jiamusi Block (JMSB) is poorly constrained; however, detrital zircons may provide crucial information on the history of this collision. This study focuses on the Yangmugang and Tumenling formations of the Yimianpo Group in the southeastern SNZRB, which were previously thought to have been deposited during the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating was carried out to constrain the age, provenance, and tectonic setting of the Yangmugang and Tumenling formations, and ultimately the timing of the final closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean. The detrital zircon grains in the two formations yield similar age spectra, with two major age peaks at 275 Ma and 280 Ma, 512 Ma and 525 Ma, respectively. Given the age of the youngest group and that of a granite intrusion, the Yangmugang and Tumenling formations were probably deposited during the middle Permian. The detrital zircon ages also suggest that the Paleozoic igneous rocks distributed across the eastern SNZRB were the major source of the zircons in the formations. Combined with evidence for synchronous arc magmatism, this shows that the Yangmugang and Tumenling formations were likely deposited at a convergent margin and that the collision between the SNZRB and JMSB occurred after the late Permian.

Performance of Ion Plating TiAlN Coating on YG8

Huixia Zhang,Chonglin Liu,Long Lu,Haipeng Yan,류성기 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.2

Multi-arc ion plating technology and interactive deposition process are adopted to plate TiAlN hard film on the surface of YG8 cemented carbide cutting tools. Study the influences of the coating film parameters to surface appearance with orthogonal experiment method. Observe substrate samples, TiN transition layer and TiAlN coating film under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cutting test, friction and wearing test showed that the coated cutting tools are with more wearing resistance. The main wear mechanisms are adhesion, some accompanied by flake layer of disbanding. Coated cutting tools significantly reduces friction coefficient. By experimental design, the best process parameters are deposition temperature 100oC, substrate negative bias voltage 250 V, nitrogen partial pressure 0.6 Pa.

The Breed and Sex Effect on the Carcass Size Performance and Meat Quality of Yak in Different Muscles

Li Zhang,Baozhong Sun,Qun-li Yu,Qiumei Ji,Peng Xie,Haipeng Li,Li Wang,Yuchun Zhou,Yongpeng Li,Caixia Huang,Xuan Liu 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.2

The carcass size performances and the meat quality of Gannan and Sibu yak were determined using M. supraspinatus (SU), M. longissimus thoracis (LT) and M.quadriceps femoris (QF). It is found that Sibu yak had significantly higher carcass weight (CW) than Gannan yak with difference of nearly 40 kg, as well as significantly higher eye muscle area (EMA), carcass thorax depth (CTD), round perimeter (RP), etc. The carcass performances of steer yak were significantly higher than heifer yak except meat thickness at round (MTR) (p<0.05). The results show that both yak breed and gender had significant effects on carcass performances. It could be seen that the variation of carcass size performances from breeds is as large as from gender (50.22% and 46.25% of total variation, respectively) through principal component analysis (PCA). Sibu yak had significantly higher L*, b*, WBSF, cooking loss and Fat content, while Gannan yak had significantly higher a*, press loss, protein content and moisture (p<0.05). Yak gender and muscle had insignificant effects on meat colour and water holding capacity (p>0.05). The variation of meat quality of yak from breed is up to 59.46% of total variation according to PCA. It is shown that the difference between breeds, for Gannan yak and Sibu yak, plays an important role in carcass size performance and meat quality.

The Breed and Sex Effect on the Carcass Size Performance and Meat Quality of Yak in Different Muscles

Zhang, Li,Sun, Baozhong,Yu, Qunli,Ji, Qiumei,Xie, Peng,Li, Haipeng,Wang, Li,Zhou, Yuchun,Li, Yongpeng,Huang, Caixia,Liu, Xuan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.2

The carcass size performances and the meat quality of Gannan and Sibu yak were determined using M. supraspinatus (SU), M. longissimus thoracis (LT) and M.quadriceps femoris (QF). It is found that Sibu yak had significantly higher carcass weight (CW) than Gannan yak with difference of nearly 40 kg, as well as significantly higher eye muscle area (EMA), carcass thorax depth (CTD), round perimeter (RP), etc. The carcass performances of steer yak were significantly higher than heifer yak except meat thickness at round (MTR) (p<0.05). The results show that both yak breed and gender had significant effects on carcass performances. It could be seen that the variation of carcass size performances from breeds is as large as from gender (50.22% and 46.25% of total variation, respectively) through principal component analysis (PCA). Sibu yak had significantly higher L*, b*, WBSF, cooking loss and Fat content, while Gannan yak had significantly higher a*, press loss, protein content and moisture (p<0.05). Yak gender and muscle had insignificant effects on meat colour and water holding capacity (p>0.05). The variation of meat quality of yak from breed is up to 59.46% of total variation according to PCA. It is shown that the difference between breeds, for Gannan yak and Sibu yak, plays an important role in carcass size performance and meat quality.

Few-Layered MoS2 Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysis

Dan Li,Jianwei Li,Caiqin Han,Xinsheng Zhao,Haipeng Chu,Wenyan Lei,Xinjuan Liu 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.10

Few-layered MoS2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method without the addition of any catalysts or surfactants. Their morphology, structure and photocatalytic activity were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectra and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. These results show that the MoS2 nanostructures synthesized at 180℃ exhibit an optimal visible light photocatalytic activity (99%) in the degradation of Rhodamine B owing to the relatively easier adsorption of pollutants, higher visible light absorption and lower electron–hole pair recombination.