Sensitivity of surface characteristics on the simulation of wind-blown-dust source in North America

Park, S.H.,Gong, S.L.,Gong, W.,Makar, P.A.,Moran, M.D.,Stroud, C.A.,Zhang, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.19

Recently, a wind-blown-dust-emission module has been built based on a state-of-the-art wind erosion theory and evaluated in a regional air-quality model to simulate a North American dust storm episode in April 2001 (see Park, S.H., Gong, S.L., Zhao, T.L., Vet, R.J., Bouchet, V.S., Gong, W., Makar, P.A., Moran, M.D., Stroud, C., Zhang, J. 2007. Simulation of entrainment and transport of dust particles within North America in April 2001 (''Red Dust episode''). J. Geophys. Res. 112, D20209, doi:10.1029/2007JD008443). A satisfactorily detailed assessment of that module, however, was not possible because of a lack of information on some module inputs, especially soil moisture content. In this paper, the wind-blown-dust emission was evaluated for two additional dust storms using improved soil moisture inputs. The surface characteristics of the wind-blown-dust source areas in southwestern North America were also investigated, focusing on their implications for wind-blown-dust emissions. The improved soil moisture inputs enabled the sensitivity of other important surface characteristics, the soil grain size distribution and the land-cover, to dust emission to be investigated with more confidence. Simulations of the two 2003 dust storm episodes suggested that wind-blown-dust emissions from the desert areas in southwestern North America are dominated by emissions from dry playas covered with accumulated alluvial deposits whose particle size is much smaller than usual desert sands. As well, the source areas in the northwestern Texas region were indicated to be not desert but rather agricultural lands that were ''activated'' as a wind-blown-dust sources after harvest. This finding calls for revisions to the current wind-blown-dust-emission module, in which ''desert'' is designated to be the only land-cover category that can emit wind-blown dust.

Boreal winter Arctic Oscillation as an indicator of summer SST anomalies over the western tropical Indian Ocean

Gong, D. Y.,Guo, D.,Gao, Y.,Yang, J.,Mao, R.,Qu, J.,Gao, M.,Li, S.,Kim, S. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Climate dynamics Vol.48 No.7

<P>The inter-annual relationship between the boreal winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) and summer sea surface temperature (SST) over the western tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) for the period from 1979 to 2015 is investigated. The results show that the January-February-March AO is significantly correlated with the June-July-August SST and SST tendency. When both El Nio/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) variance are excluded, the winter AO is significantly correlated with the regional mean SST of the western TIO (40-E and S-N), . The multi-month SST tendency, i.e., the SST difference of June-July-August minus April-May, is correlated with the winter AO at . Composite analysis indicates similar warming over the western TIO. Two statistical models are established to predict the subsequent summer's SST and SST tendency. The models use the winter AO, the winter ENSO and the autumn-winter IOD indexes as predictors and explain 65 and 62 % of the variance of the subsequent summer's SST and SST tendency, respectively. Investigation of the regional air-sea fluxes and oceanic dynamics reveals that the net surface heat flux cannot account for the warming, whereas the oceanic Rossby wave plays a predominant role. During positive AO winters, the enhanced Arabian High causes stronger northern winds in the northern Indian Ocean and leads to anomalous cross-equatorial air-flow. The Ekman pumping in association with the anomalous wind stress curl in the central TIO generates a significantly deeper thermocline and above-normal sea surface height at 60-75E and 5-S. The winter AO-forced Rossby wave propagates westward and arrives at the western coast in summer, resulting in the significant SST increase. Forced by the observed winter AO-related wind stress anomalies over the Indian Ocean, the ocean model reasonably reproduces the Rossby wave as well as the resulting surface ocean warming over the western TIO in the subsequent summer. Observational analysis and numerical experiments suggest the importance of the oceanic dynamics in connecting the winter AO and summer SST anomalies.</P>

IEC1400-1 국제표준을 적용한 대형 수평축 풍력발전용 회전날개의 설계개선

공창덕,방조혁,정종철,감명훈,정석훈,장병섭,안주연 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.2

풍력 터빈회전날개의 설계시 구조적 형상을 결정하는 예비설계 단계에서 종전에는 여러 가지 다양한 경우의 설계를 수행하여 이중 적합한 경우을 채택하는 시행착오 방법은 많은 설계시간을 요하였으나, 본 연구에서는 이 같은 설계시의 비효율적 요소를 배제하고자 적층판 이론을 기초로 한 설계프로그램을 이용하는 설계기법을 계발함으로서 설계절차를 개선하였다. 개선된 설계절차에 따라 국제표준 설계규격 IEC1400-1에서 규정한 각 경우의 하중해석과 응력, 변형율 및 변형한계를 설정한 후, 단순화한 복합재 회전날개 구조에 혼합법칙과 주 응력 설계기법을 이용하여 복합재 구조의 형상을 정하였다. 설계된 구조는 본 연구를 통해 개발된 적층판 이론을 기초로 한 프로그램을 이용하여 강도 및 좌굴에 대한 구조의 안정성을 확인하여 상세설계 과정 시 소요되는 시간을 최소화하였다. 설계된 구조는 표피 등을 고려하여 수정 설계한 후 유한요소법을 이용하여 응력, 변형율, 변위, 고유진동수, 좌굴안정성, 피로수명등을 해석하여 국제 표준규격의 만족여부를 확인하였다. Because the previous design procedure for the composite wind turbine blade structure using trial and error method takes long time, a improved design procedure by using the program based on classical laminate theory was proposed to reduce the inefficient element. According to the improved design procedure, limitation of strains, stresses and displacements specified by international standard specification IEC1400-1 for the composite wind turbine blade were applied to sizing the structural configuration by using the rule of mixture and the principal stress design technique with a simplified turbine blade. Structural safety for strength and buckling stability was confirmed by the developed analysis program based on the laminate theory to minimize the design procedure. After modifying the preliminary design result with additional structural components such as skin, foam sandwich and mounting joints, stresses, strains, displacements, natural frequency, buckling load and fatigue life were analyzed by the finite element method. Finally these results were confirmed by comparing with IEC1400-1 specification.

대규모 원단 도매 시장에서의 포름알데히드 노출에 관한 연구

최상준,백남원,김지현,이미선,황정희,정현희,이은희,최연기,양윤정,이태범,이경민,공정옥,이영미 서울대학교 보건대학원 2001 서울大學校 保健環境硏究所論叢 Vol.11 No.1

This study was conducted to assessment airborne formaldehyde concentration at dry-goods stores, 'G' market and additionally at the reconstructed lecture room in the university during November, 2001. 'NIOSH 2016' method, with 2,4-DNPH treated silica gel sampler and HPLC, was used for sampling and analysis of formaldehyde concentration. Because every merchant rejects to participate in study, volunteers, pretend to customer, were involved to monitor personal exposure level. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The geometric mean(GM) and geometric standard deviation(GSD) of TWA concentrations from 'G' market were 0.037 ppm and 2.17 respectively. 2. The TWA concentrations of the personal samples from 'G' market ranged from 0.009 to 0.065 ppm and those of the area samples from '' market ranged from 0.06 to 0.071 ppm. 3. The TWA concentrations of the area samples from reconstructed lecture room ranged from 0.022 to 0.094 ppm. The TWA concentration from latest reconstructed lecture room was higher than that of older reconstructed lecture room. 4. All of samples except one were exceeding NIOSH TWA criteria, 0.016 ppm.

동해 강릉연안의 계절적 환경변화

이주(C. Lee),조규태(Q. T. Cho),공용근(Y. G. Gong),한형균(H. G. Han),송홍인(H. I. Song),서영상(Y. S. Suh),이용화(Y. H. Lee),황재동(J. D. Hwang),심정민(J. M. Shim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2006 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소는 강원도 양양, 강릉 및 삼척연안에 동해안 양식어장 정보 제공시스템을 설치하여 어장정보를 실시간으로 30분 간격으로 측정된 자료를 수층별로 분석하고 해양환경 변동에 관한 시계열자료를 웹 사이트를 통해 제공하고 있다. 어장정보제공시스템은 동해안에서 실시간으로 수온, 염분, 용존산소, 수소이온농도 및 엽록소 농도와 같은 해양에서 관측한 결과를 어업인, 일반 이용자 및 연구 관련자에게 제공하고 있다. 양방향 원격 모니터링 플랫폼은 풍속, 풍향, 기온 및 상대습도를 측정할 수 있는 센서를 상단부에 부착 할 수 있으며 하단부에는 표층과 수심 30m사이에서 2m간격으로 14지점의 유향과 유속, 그리고 수심 0.2~0.5m, 14~16m 및 28~30m의 수온, 엽록소 농도, 염분, 용존산소 및 수소이온농도를 측정할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 자료 수집 시스템은 기상장비와 해양환경 자료 수신 장비 및 모니터링 플랫폼에서 자료를 보내는 원격 송신 장비 그리고 이들 자료를 수신하는 데이터 서버 및 웹 서버로 구성되어 있다. 인터넷 정보제공 시스뎀은 웹 사이트, 단문서비스 시스템과 휴대전화 웹 사이트로 구성되어 있으며 회원에게 원하는 자료를 실시간으로 제공하고 있다 동계 강릉지역의 해양환경에 있어 2004년 12월, 2005년 1월 및 2월의 월평균 수온은 각각 13.39℃, 10.06℃, 7.62℃이었으며 2004년 12월, 2005년 1월 및 2월의 최고일간 변화는 각각 3.42℃, 2.98℃, 2.94℃를 보여주었다. 춘계 해양환경에 있어 2005년 3월, 4월 및 5월의 월평균 수온은 각각 7.30℃, 10.07℃, 12.29℃이었으며 2005년 3월, 4월 및 5월의 최고 일간변화는 각각 3.16℃, 6.40℃, 3.22℃를 보여주었다. 하계 해양환경에 있어 2005년 6월, 7월 및 8월의 월평균 수온은 각각 16.82℃, 22.20℃, 23.45℃이었으며 2005년 6월, 7월 및 8월의 최고 일간 변화는 각각 4.80℃, 5.82℃, 3.32℃를 보여주었다. 추계 해양환경에 있어 2005년 9웜, 10월 및 11월의 월평균 수온은 각각 21.63℃, 18.30℃, 15.15℃이었으며 2005년 9월, 10월 및 11월의 최고 일간 변화는 각각 2.87℃, 2.50℃, 1.29℃를 보여주었다. KECFFS is Korea East Coast Farming Forecast System responsible for nowcasting and forecasting the coastal physical, biological and chemical environmental factors such as seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, chlorophyll concentration depending on water depth level. It is helpful not only to the people who make their living at sea for farming set nets and fishery or inhabit coastal areas but also to human activities such as scuba diving, boating, fishing, and other related recreation in the coastal region in East Sea. The bidirectional telemetry monitoring platform is able to equip with sensors to measure wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and relative humidity in the upper portion. It is equipped with probes to investigate seawater direction, flow speed of 14 points between surface layer and depth of 30 m, and seawater temperature, chlorophyll content, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH at depths of 0.2~0.5m, 14~16m and 28~30m. Data acquisition system consists of an integration instrument to receive a weather condition and data of underwater environment, a telemetry system to send the data from the monitoring platform, a data server and a main web server of computer to receive these data. Internet information system comprises a web site, short message service (SMS) and mobile phone service. Minimal average values of seawater temperature in the annual variation are observed in March among spring oceanographic condition. In winter season, average values of the seawater temperature are observed to 13.39℃ in December and 10.06℃ in January at the depth of 0.3m while in February these values decrease up to 7.62℃. In spring season, average value of the seawater temperature is shown to 7.30℃ in March at the depth of 0.3m while in April and May these values increase up to 10.07℃ and 12.29℃ respectively. In summer season, average value of the seawater temperature is shown to 16.82℃ in June at the depth of 0.3m while in July and August these values increase up to 22.20℃ and 23.45℃ respectively. In autumn season, average values of the seawater temperature are observed to 21.86℃ in September and 18.30℃ in October at the depth of 0.3m while in November these value decrease up to 15.15℃.

DVSMT: Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Scheduling Mixed Real-Time Tasks

Gong, M.-S.,Jung, M.-J.,Kim, Y.-H.,Cho, M.-H.,Kim, J.-M.,Lee, C.-H. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2007 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.- No.4523

Combined treatment with vitamin C and sulindac synergistically induces p53- and ROS-dependent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells

Gong, E.Y.,Shin, Y.J.,Hwang, I.Y.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, S.M.,Moon, J.H.,Shin, J.S.,Lee, D.H.,Hur, D.Y.,Jin, D.H.,Hong, S.W.,Lee, W.K.,Lee, W.J. Elsevier/North-Holland 2016 Toxicology letters Vol.258 No.-

Sulindac has anti-neoplastic properties against colorectal cancers; however, its use as a chemopreventive agent has been limited due to toxicity and efficacy concerns. Combinatorial treatment of colorectal cancers has been attempted to maximize anti-cancer efficacy with minimal side effects by administrating NSAIDs in combination with other inhibitory compounds or drugs such as l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is known to exhibit cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells at high concentrations. In this study, we evaluated a combinatorial strategy utilizing sulindac and vitamin C. The death of HCT116 cells upon combination therapy occurred via a p53-mediated mechanism. The combination therapeutic resistance developed in isogenic p53 null HCT116 cells and siRNA-mediated p53 knockdown HCT116 cells, but the exogenous expression of p53 in p53 null isogenic cells resulted in the induction of cell death. In addition, we investigated an increased level of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species), which was preceded by p53 activation. The expression level of PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis), but not Bim, was significantly increased in HCT116 cells in response to the combination treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that combination therapy with sulindac and vitamin C could be a novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for p53 wild type colon cancers.

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. 275, producing extracellular cellulolytic, xylanolytic and ligninolytic enzymes

Gong, G.,Kim, S.,Lee, S.M.,Woo, H.M.,Park, T.H.,Um, Y. Elsevier Science Publishers 2017 Journal of biotechnology Vol.254 No.-

<P>Technologies for degradation of three major components of lignocellulose (e.g. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) are needed to efficiently utilize lignocellulose. Here, we report Bacillus sp. 275 isolated from a mudflat exhibiting various lignocellulolytic activities including cellulase, xylanase, laccase and peroxidase in the cell culture supernatant. The complete genome of Bacillus sp. 275 strain contains 3832 protein cording sequences and an average G + C content of 46.32% on one chromosome (4045,581bp) and one plasmid (6389bp). The genes encoding enzymes related to the degradation of cellulose, xylan and lignin were detected in the Bacillus sp. 275 genome. In addition, the genes encoding glucosidases that hydrolyze starch, mannan, galactoside and arabinan were also found in the genome, implying that Bacillus sp. 275 has potentially a wide range of uses in the degradation of polysaccharide in lignocellulosic biomasses.</P>

Morin attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting GSK3β

Gong, E.J.,Park, H.R.,Kim, M.E.,Piao, S.,Lee, E.,Jo, D.G.,Chung, H.Y.,Ha, N.C.,Mattson, M.P.,Lee, J. Blackwell Science ; Academic Press 2011 Neurobiology of disease Vol.44 No.2

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of age-related dementia and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, the accumulation of extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in affected brain regions. Tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation in neurofibrillary tangles is strongly correlated with cognitive deficits, and is apparently a critical event in the dementia process because mutations in tau can cause a tangle-only form of dementia called frontotemporal lobe dementia. Among kinases that phosphorylate tau, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is strongly implicated in AD pathogenesis. In the present study, we established an ELISA to screen for agents that inhibit GSK3β activity and found that the flavonoid morin effectively inhibited GSK3β activity and blocked GSK3β-induced tau phosphorylation in vitro. In addition, morin attenuated Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation and protected human neuroblastoma cells against Aβ cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment of 3xTg-AD mice with morin resulted in reductions in tau hyperphosphorylation and paired helical filament-like immunoreactivity in hippocampal neurons. Morin is a novel inhibitor of GSK3β that can reduce tau pathology in vivo and may have potential as a therapeutic agent in tauopathies.

FABRICATION OF 0.4μm GATE PHEMT USING CONVENTIONAL OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY

Gong,M. K.,Yoon,J. W.,Cho,S. G.,Joo,Y. D.,Lee,S. W.,Lee,J. W. 대한전자공학회 1995 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.4 No.1

An optical sub-micron gate process is developed using the dielectric side wall The fabricated gate length is 0.4 fin. The application of this sub-micron process to PHEMT shows good characteristics. Using this sub-micron gate process, the 0.4 ㎛ x 200㎛ gate PHEMT was fabricated By the measurements I _(dss) is 150 mA/mm, g^(int)_(m,max) is 566 mS/mm, f_t is 38 GHz, f_(max) 60 GHz. Also, F_(min) is 0.87 dB, G_(a,asso) is 9.8 dB at 12 GHz Thus the fabricated PHEMT is applicable in the C to X band frequency areas. Also the developed optical sub-micron gate process will need the lowest cost in the fabrication of the commercial devices and MMIC's.