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Spike Frequency Adaptation in Neurons of the Central Nervous System
Ha, Go Eun,Cheong, Eunji The Korean Society for Brain and Neural Science 2017 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.26 No.4
<P>Neuronal firing patterns and frequencies determine the nature of encoded information of the neurons. Here we discuss the molecular identity and cellular mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Calcium-activated potassium (K<SUB>Ca</SUB>) channels such as BK<SUB>Ca</SUB> and SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels have long been known to be important mediators of spike adaptation via generation of a large afterhyperpolarization when neurons are hyper-activated. However, it has been shown that a strong hyperpolarization via these K<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels would cease action potential generation rather than reducing the frequency of spike generation. In some types of neurons, the strong hyperpolarization is followed by oscillatory activity in these neurons. Recently, spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is shown to be mediated by the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated Cl- channel (CACC), anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation accompanied by increased number of spikes without shifting the firing mode, which suggests that ANO2 mediates a genuine form of spike adaptation, finely tuning the frequency of spikes in these neurons. Based on the finding of a broad expression of this new class of CACC in the brain, it can be proposed that the ANO2-mediated spike-frequency adaptation may be a general mechanism to control information transmission in the CNS neurons.</P>
Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to control the spiking pattern of neurons
( Go Eun Ha ),( Eunji Cheong ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.3
The nature of encoded information in neural circuits is determined by neuronal firing patterns and frequencies. This paper discusses the molecular identity and cellular mecha-nisms of spike-frequency adaptation in the central nervous system (CNS). Spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is mediated by the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>-</sup> channel (CACC) anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in increased number of spikes, in conjunction with significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation. No study has so far demonstrated that CACCs mediate afterhyperpolarization currents, which result in the modulation of neuronal spike patterns in the CNS. Our study therefore proposes a novel role for ANO2 in spike-frequency adaptation and transmission of information in the brain. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(3): 109-110]
대학교 도서관에 위치한 열람실의 사용자 만족도 조사 및 개선사항 도출
서은지(Eunji Seo),고기현(Gihyun Go),복제욱(Jewook Bok),박지영(Jiyoung Park) 한국색채학회 2020 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.11
선행연구의 분석 결과, 학습을 위한 공간에서 조도가 너무 낮거나 높으면 독서 및 학습활동, 자료 이용 등에 불편을 느끼게 되는 것으로 분석되며, 보조조명의 병용을 권장하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또, 자료의 내용적 분석과 이해를 위한 인지력, 사고력, 판단력, 집중력 등이 저하됨으로써 기회비용이 증가하는 등 비효율적이 되며, 두통, 피로도 등의 신체적 고통이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대학교 도서관에 위치한 공공열람실의 실내 색채 및 조명환경에 대한 사용자의 만족도 조사를 진행하고, 개선사항 도출을 목적으로 한다. 또한 도출된 개선사항을 열람실의 환경 구성에 반영할 경우 학습효과에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.
( Kipyo Kim ),( Eunji Baek ),( Suryeong Go ),( Hyung-eun Son ),( Ji-young Ryu ),( Yongjin Yi ),( Jong Cheol Jeong ),( Sejoong Kim ),( Ho Jun Chin ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.2
Backgrounds: Recently, alternative surrogate endpoints such as a 30% or 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or eGFR slope over 2 to 3 years have been proposed for predicting renal outcomes. However, the impact of GFR estimation methods on the accuracy and effectiveness of surrogate markers is unknown. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled participants in health screening programs at three hospitals from 1995 to 2009. We defined two different participant groups as YR1 and YR3, which had available 1-year or 3-year eGFR values along with their baseline eGFR levels. We compared the effectiveness of eGFR percentage change or slope to estimate end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk according to two estimating equations (modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation [eGFRm] and Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [eGFRc]) for GFR. Results: In the YR1 and YR3 groups, 9,971 and 10,171 candidates were enrolled and ESRD incidence during follow-up was 0.26% and 0.19%, respectively. The eGFR percentage change was more effective than eGFR slope in estimating ESRD risk, regardless of the method of estimation. A 40% of decline in eGFR was better than 30%, and a 3-year baseline period was better than a 1-year period for prediction accuracy. Although some diagnostic indices from the CKD-EPI equation were better, we found no significant differences in the discriminative ability and hazard ratios for incident ESRD between eGFRc and eGFRm in either eGFR percentage change or eGFR slope. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the prediction accuracy of GFR percentage change or eGFR slope between eGFRc and eGFRm in the general population.
Lim Sung Min,Go Eunji,Lee Jungsup,Lee Go Eun,Kim Eun Joo,Son Chihyoung 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.6
Background: Post-stroke upper limb spasticity (PS-ULS) causes a decline in the quality of life of patients by reducing their ability to perform normal daily activities. Objectives: We performed pre- and post-treatment analyses of the changes in stroke patients with ULS following constant electroacupuncture therapy (EAT). Methods: Thirty patients with PS-ULS underwent 12 sessions of EAT over 4 weeks. After performing acupuncture therapy at four acupoints on the affected arm (LI11, LI10, LI4, and TE5), electrostimulation (60 Hz) was performed for 20 min. The modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the Fugl–Meyer assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE) were measured as the outcome variables. Results: Following EAT, there was a significant decrease in the elbow MAS score (p < 0.001), a significant decrease in the wrist MAS score (p < 0.01), and a significant increase in the FMA-UE score (p < 0.001). Adverse events related to EAT were not reported. Conclusion: EAT decreased upper limb spasticity and improved functional recovery at the elbow and wrist. Large-scale and rigorous clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of EAT.
Jeena, M. T.,Jeong, Keunsoo,Go, Eun Min,Cho, Yuri,Lee, Seokyung,Jin, Seongeon,Hwang, Suk-Won,Jang, Joo Hee,Kang, Chi Soo,Bang, Woo-Young,Lee, Eunji,Kwak, Sang Kyu,Kim, Sehoon,Ryu, Ja-Hyoung American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.10
<P>Self-assembly of peptides containing both <SMALL>L</SMALL>- and <SMALL>D</SMALL>-isomers often results in nanostructures with enhanced properties compared to their enantiomeric analogues, such as faster kinetics of formation, higher mechanical strength, and enzymatic stability. However, occurrence and consequences of the heterochiral assembly in the cellular microenvironment are unknown. In this study, we monitored heterochiral assembly of amphiphilic peptides inside the cell, specifically mitochondria of cancer cells, resulting in nanostructures with refined morphological and biological properties owing to the superior interaction between the backbones of opposite chirality. We have designed a mitochondria penetrating tripeptide containing a diphenyl alanine building unit, named as Mito-FF due to their mitochondria targeting ability. The short peptide amphiphile, Mito-FF co-assembled with its mirror pair, Mito-ff, induced superfibrils of around 100 nm in diameter and 0.5-1 μm in length, while enantiomers formed only narrow fibers of 10 nm in diameter. The co-administration of Mito-FF and Mito-ff in the cell induced drastic mitochondrial disruption both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. The experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that pyrene capping played a major role in inducing superfibril morphology upon the co-assembly of racemic peptides. This work shows the impact of chirality control over the peptide self-assembly inside the biological system, thus showing a potent strategy for fabricating promising peptide biomaterials by considering chirality as a design modality.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>