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Basic Tongue Diagnosis Indicators for Pattern Identification in Stroke Using a Decision Tree Method
Lee, Ju Ah,Lee, Jungsup,Ko, Mi Mi,Kang, Byoung-Kab,Lee, Myeong Soo The Society of Korean Medicine 2012 대한한의학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to specify major tongue diagnostic indicators and evaluate their significance in discriminating pattern identification subtypes in stroke patients. Methods: This study used a community based multi-center observational design. Participants (n=1,502) were stroke patients admitted to 11 oriental medical university hospitals between December 2006 and February 2010. To determine which tongue indicator affected each pattern identification, a decision tree analysis of the chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) algorithm was performed. The chi-squared test was used as the criterion in splitting data with a p-value less than 0.05 for division, which is the main procedure for developing a decision tree. The minimum sample size for each node was specified as n =10, and branching was limited to two levels. Results: From the 9 tongue diagnostic indicators, 6 major tongue indicators (red tongue, pale tongue, yellow fur, white fur, thick fur, and teeth-marked tongue) were identified through the decision tree analysis. Furthermore, each pattern identification was composed of specific combinations of the 6 major tongue indicators. Conclusions: This study suggests that the 6 tongue indicators identified through the decision tree analysis can be used to discriminate pattern identification subtypes in stroke patients. However, it is still necessary to re-evaluate other pattern identification indicators to further the objectivity and reliability of traditional Korean medicine.
Lee, Kisu,Cho, Kyung Hee,Ryu, Jaehoon,Yun, Juyoung,Yu, Haejun,Lee, Jungsup,Na, Wonjoo,Jang, Jyongsik Elsevier 2017 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.224 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A facile synthesis and modification method of polyaniline:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PANI:PSS) is reported for an efficient hole transport material (HTM) in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PANI:PSS with Triton X–100, a nonionic surfactant, showed enhanced hole transport capability due to improved wetting on the substrate and a surface compositional change. The surfactant lowered the surface tension of a PANI:PSS aqueous solution, which enabled uniform casting of PANI:PSS films onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate without any surface treatment. Additionally, self-organization of PSS nanogranules, induced by the surfactant, provided PANI-rich surfaces that were favorable for hole extraction. When surfactant-modified PANI:PSS (1.0wt% Triton X–100) was used as an HTM in a PSC, the average short-circuit current density increased by 23% compared with pristine PANI:PSS (i.e., from 15.02 to 18.43mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and the fill factor also improved, eventually leading to a power conversion efficiency enhancement from 6.59 to 10.90%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PANI:PSS modified with a nonionic surfactant (Triton X–100) was successfully utilized as a hole transport material for perovskite solar cells. </LI> <LI> Perovskite solar cells using PANI:PSS with the optimal Triton X–100 concentration exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency of 11.67%. </LI> <LI> Triton X–100 played a bifunctional role to enhance the hole extraction capability of PANI:PSS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
정적연소기에서 혼합기 분포에 따른 성층 연소특성에 대한 연구
변정섭(Jungsup Byun),이창희(Changhee Lee),이기형(Kihyung Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
It is well known that the stratified charge combustion has many kind of advantages to combustion characteristics, such as higher thermal efficiency and less CO levels than conventional homogeneous mixture combustion. Although this combustion can achieve the low fuel consumption, it produced the high unbumed hydrocabon and soot levels because of heterogeneous mixture distribution in the combustion chamber. Moreover, it has a lot of possibility of low output and misfire if the mixture gas can not be concentrated around the spark plug. In this paper, fundamental studies for stratified combustion were carried out using a constant volume combustion chamber. The effect of mixture distribution on the flame propagation speed in the chamber were examined by changing the fuel supply method. A maximum volumetric burning velocity (Sv)??, which closely correlates with (dP/dt)??, was proposed as the stratification degree. Using this concept, we found that the higher stratification degree produced the wider area of stoichiometric mixture and this resulted in higher burning velocity as well as less amount of unburned fuel.<br/> <br/>
Bhak, Ghibom,Lee, Junghee,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Chung, Dong Young,Kang, Jin Hyoun,Oh, Soojung,Lee, Jungsup,Kang, Jin Soo,Yoo, Ji Mun,Yang, Jee Eun,Rhoo, Kun Yil,Park, Sunghak,Lee, Somin,Nam, Ki Tae,Jeon, No American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.10
<P>Functional graffiti of nanoparticles onto target surface is an important issue in the development of nanodevices. A general strategy has been introduced here to decorate chemically diverse substrates with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the form of a close-packed single layer by using an omni-adhesive protein of a-synuclein (alpha S) as conjugated with the particles. Since the adsorption was highly sensitive to pH, the amino acid sequence of aS exposed from the conjugates and its conformationally disordered state capable of exhibiting structural plasticity are considered to be responsible for the single-layer coating over diverse surfaces. Merited by the simple solution-based adsorption procedure, the particles have been imprinted to various geometric shapes in 2-D and physically inaccessible surfaces of 3-D objects. The alpha S-encapsulated AuNPs to form a high-density single-layer coat has been employed in the development of nonvolatile memory, fule-cell, solar-cell, and cell-culture platform, where the outlying aS has played versatile roles such as a dielectric layer for charge retention, a sacrificial layer to expose AuNPs for chemical catalysis, a reaction center for silicification, and biointerface for cell attachment, respectively. Multiple utilizations of the alpha S-based hybrid NPs, therefore, could offer great versatility to fabricate a variety of NP-integrated advanced materials which would serve as an indispensable component for widespread applications of high-performance nanodevices.</P>
Ryu, Jaehoon,Lee, Jong Woo,Yu, Haejun,Yun, Juyoung,Lee, Kisu,Lee, Jungsup,Hwang, Doyk,Kang, Jooyoun,Kim, Seong Keun,Jang, Jyongsik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.32
<P>Research on the addition of suitable materials into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for improved performance is as important as the fabrication of efficient perovskite films themselves. An attempt to enhance the performance of planar-type perovskite solar cells was performed by introducing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) onto a blocking TiO2layer<I>via</I>O2plasma treatment. Furthermore, the bandgap of the GQDs was tuned through their size control and the effects of the GQD size on cell performance were explored. The GQDs can induce fast electron extraction and the formation of the improved perovskite quality. The devices with appropriately sized-GQDs showed an average of 10% enhancement compared with those of cells without GQDs and achieved 19.11% as the best power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, GQDs contributed to the reduction in the extent of current-voltage hysteresis, which was attributed to the planar structure.</P>
높은 압축비에서 운전하는 냉동시스템의 기체 및 액 인젝션의 성능 비교
이대희(Daehui Lee),이정섭(Jungsup Lee),전나영(Nayoung Jeon),이진호(Jinho Lee) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.6
The economizer vapor injection and liquid injection was applied to the refrigeration system for a stable operation at high compression ratio. The economizer vapor injection and liquid injection has effects on decreasing discharge temperature and increasing total mass flow rate with lower suction temperature and vapor quality due to the cooling effect in compressor, but the excessive liquid inflow into compressor rapidly decreased total mass flow rate. At small injection ratio, the liquid injection has a better performance than vapor injection due to increased total mass flow rate, but At large injection ratio, the performance of liquid injection was significantly dropped by the excessive liquid inflow into compressor and in the absence of internal heat exchanger compared to economizer vapor injection.
Interobserver Reliability of Tongue Diagnosis Using Traditional Korean Medicine for Stroke Patients
Ko, Mi Mi,Lee, Ju Ah,Kang, Byoung-Kab,Park, Tae-Yong,Lee, Jungsup,Lee, Myeong Soo Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-
<P>Observation of the tongue, also known as tongue diagnosis, is an important procedure in diagnosis by inspection in Traditional Korean medicine (TKM). We investigated the reliability of TKM tongue diagnosis in stroke patients by evaluating interobserver reliability regarding tongue indicators as part of the project named the Fundamental Study for the Standardization and Objectification of Pattern Identification in TKM for Stroke (SOPI-Stroke). A total of 658 patients with stroke admitted to 9 oriental medical university hospitals participated. Each patient was independently seen by two experts from the same department for an examination of the status of the tongue. Interobserver agreement about subjects regarding pattern identification with the same opinion between the raters (<I>n</I> = 451) was generally high, ranging from “moderate” to “excellent”. Interobserver agreement was nearly perfect for certain signs of special tongue appearance (mirror, spotted, and bluish purple), poor for one of the tongue colors (pale) and moderate for others. Clinicians displayed measurable agreement regarding tongue indicators via both observation and pattern identification consistency. However, interobserver reliability regarding tongue color and fur quality was relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to improve objectivity and reproducibility of tongue diagnosis through the development of detail-oriented criteria and enhanced training of clinicians.</P>
Yu, Haejun,Ryu, Jaehoon,Lee, Jong Woo,Roh, Jongmin,Lee, Kisu,Yun, Juyoung,Lee, Jungsup,Kim, Yun Ki,Hwang, Doyk,Kang, Jooyoun,Kim, Seong Keun,Jang, Jyongsik American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.9
<P>There remains tremendous interest in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the solar energy field; the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) now exceeds 20%. Along with research focused on enhancing PCE, studies are also underway concerning PSC commercialization. It is crucial to simplify the fabrication process and reduce the production cost to facilitate commercialization. Herein, we successfully fabricated highly efficient hole-blocking layer (HBL)-free PSCs through vigorously interrupting penetration of hole-transport material (HTM) into fluorine-doped tin oxide by a large grain based-CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI(3)) film, thereby obtaining a PCE of 18.20%. Our results advance the commercialization of PSCs via a simple fabrication system and a low-cost approach in respect of mass production and recyclability.</P>