선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제의 약물상호작용

김수경,권지윤 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors : SSRIs)에 속하는 우울증 치료제들이 TCA나 heterocyclic 항우울제(제2 세대 및 제3세대 약물) 등과 같은 우울증 치료제에 비하여 전반적으로 효과가 우수하지는 않지만 독성이 적기 때문에 1990년 이후부터 널리 사용되어 왔다. 우울증이 단일증상으로 나타날 수도 있지만 여러 가지 질병과 복합되어 있는 경우에 우울증치료제는 흔히 다른 약물과 병합요법으로 사용된다. 따라서 SSRIs계 약물과 병합 투여에 의하여 나타날 수 있는 약력학 및 약동학적 약물상호작용을 고려하여 치료에 임하는 것이 매우 중요하다. SSRIs계 약물은 선택적으로 serotonergic transmission에 영향을 미치는 약리작용을 갖고 있기 때문에 약력학적 약물상호작용은 그리 광범위하게 나타나지 않지만 교감신경 효현제 또는 일부 발효식품이나 타이라민이 함유된 음료 등과 병합 투여했을 경우 고혈압의 위험이 초래될 수 있으며 매우 위험한 상호작용으로 세로토닌 증후군(serotonin syndrome)이 나타날 수 있다. 이 증후군은 고열, 근육경직, 간대성근경련 등을 포함하는 급격한 증상으로 때로는 사망을 초래할 수도 있기 때문에 반드시 유념해야 할 상호작용이다. SSRIs계 약물은 cytochrome P450(CYP) 효소계를 다양하게 억제하므로 이들 약물에 의한 약동학적 약물 상호작용은 광범위하게 여러 종류의 약물에서 나타날 수 있다. 특히 fluoxetine과 paroxetine은 CYP2D6를 강력하게 억제하고 fluvoxamine은 CYP3A4를 강력하게 억제하므로 이 효소계를 대사과정에서 이용하는 약물들과 병용할 때에는 특별한 주의가 필요하다. 그러나 SSRIs계 약물 중에서 citalopram이나 sertraline은 serotonin에 대한 선택성이 보다 우수하면서도 CYP에 대한 억제작용이 미약하여 약동학적 상호작용이 적게 나타나므로 이 점에 있어서 병합요법제로 비교적 안전하게 선택되고 있다. Since the 1990s, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) have been increasingly to treat depression because of their relatively fewer adverse effects and lower toxicity than older compounds such as tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAOIs). Polyharmacy, by several factors such as diseases, genetic constitution, diet, and age-related physiological changes may induce drug interactions predisposed to adverse effects. SSRIs have a low potential for pharmacodynamic drug interactions because they have more selective mechanism of action than older antidepressants. However, a serious pharmacodynamic drug interaction with SSRIs, serotonin levels. SSRIs can have potential pharmacokinetic interactions due to their seletive inhibitory action on cytochrome P450(CYP) isoenzymes, especially fluoxetine, paroxetine, paroxetine,and fluvoxamine. Therefore, these agents should be closely monitored or avoided in patients treated with substrates of the same isoenzyme. However, citalopram and sertraline have less inhibitory effects on different CYP drug metabolizing enzymes and offer more favorable drug interacton profile. This review provides evidence of potential drug ineractions of individual SSRIs. This study may help to guide safe and efficacious care to patients.

영웅소설의 원형적 모형과 후대적 변모양상 연구

安圻洙 남서울대학교 1997 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to study the Original Model and the various aspects of Transfiguration on heroic fictions in the ancient novels. From the point of the natures and meaning of the sufferings that heroes experience in the each work that is classifiedn particularly by types, this study shows how the motiv of some suffering was orginally related to the work and them tried to explore it's style concerned with various types in the ancient novels and myth. For the past times the previous studies have been pointing only "a life of hero" designated the macro-structure of heroic novel and discussed including the category of ancient novel in the heroic fiction, and thus have ignored the various principles of description which appears through the macro-structure of heroic fiction. In addition, they have exposed only the level of the upward mobility that one class of those days dreamed of, by means of the excellent ability and mysteriously different action which the hero of hero fiction showed within the work; therefore, it could not but reveal the limited part of the significance of a history of fiction by considering the momentness of literary history which had been transferred from the myth to heroic fiction. The heor fiction, however, can not be regared as the mono type, but should be touched from the aspect of three different of the original model. That is, it can be researched from the point of the structure, of the configuration method of a hero, and of the direction values. The precedent study has shown the trade-off ways of evolution in both that while the process of his expansive life is displayed by showing the process that a mythic hero is transferred to a hero, the hero of heroic fiction fiction finished the upward mobility and, aftyer coming back again, solved his suffering and then accmplished his orienting value.

地域開發行政을 위한 住民參與

權基洙 대구대학교 새마을 . 지역사회개발연구소 1988 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.10 No.-

The concept of citizen participation is often referred to be an integral part of both political and Administration systems of democratic nation. The Participation phenomenon, however, is so world wide that its meaning, function, role and importance may vary from one political system to another, thus taking many forms. This there is about the level of citizen participation for Administration of regional development. It aims to review some problems of citizen participation in the theories of administration of regional development and to explore a series of desirable measures that will encouage both the public to actively participate in the government service and the city government to provide administration responsibility to its citizens. The nature of this study is required to employ the method of literature survey that re-views both foreign domestic books, professional journal and public documents relevant to the major research concern. The results of this study can be stated in such a single word as in effective in the level of participative activity. This implies that the regional government provide various institutions for facilititing the citizen participation such as a program of dialogue with citizens, Bansangwhae, Special Committee, Public hearings, Monitoring, Task force, Workshop, Mass Media and displaying programs.

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Endothelin-1농도의 변화

신양수,조희충,김원식,국기용,김용화,정종훈,문철웅,배학연,양성훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.2

Endothelin(ET) is a 21-residue peptide originally isolated from the cultured porcine endothelial cells. There are at least three genes for endothelin:endothelin-1(ET-1), endothelin-2(ET-2), and endothelin-3(ET-3). Endothelins are present in various human biological fluids including plasma, urine, breast milk, and saliva and have been found elevated plasma ET concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus, Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure, patients with acute myocardial infarction, and patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endothelial cell damage is suspected to occur in diabetic patients and may be one important cause of angiopathy, a major complication in diabetes mellitus. The elevation of ET in diabetic patients may be a marker of, and further exacerbate, their vascular disease. We measured the levels of ET-1 in plasma of 50 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) and 25 normal subjects by radioimmunoassay. The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in NIDDM was 6.461 A2.510 f㏖/ ㎖, and was significantly higher than in normal subjects (4.567±1.155f㏖/㎖) (P<0.05). The plasma ET-1 concentration (mean±S.D.) in diabetic retinopathy group( 7.15±2.454 f㏖/ml) was significantly elevated than those in otherwise uncomplicated groups (5.348±2.390 f㏖/㎖)(P<0.01). The correlation between any clinical parameters and plasma ET-1 levels in NIDDM was not significant, In conclusion, this study suggest that the elevated levels of ET-1 in diabetic patients may be play a important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.

영웅소설의 대중소설적 형상화와 의미

안기수 남서울대학교 2004 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.10 No.3

This paper describes creation techniques and author's consciousness in heroic novel which created in Choson Dynasty. We discuss institution techniques of description structure and theme, configuration techniques of hero, and meaning of theme institution in heroic novel. The institution techniques of description structure accept structure of mythology in former ages and apply institution techniques of hardship structure without defamation of hero's life story. The configuration techniques about people's desire in Choson dynasty well defined in hardship structure. The configuration techniques of hero accept transcendental heroic creation techniques, but it bring abut better relationships between hero who posses absolute ability and realistic person. In institution techniques of theme, mythological hero brings simple theme consciousness 'foundation of nation'. It secures more class of readers by theme configuration following: collapse moral, dispersion or concentration of family, completion love and trouble in Choson dynasty.

Isoproterenol로 유발된 흰쥐 심장비대에서의 심근세포사

김수경,장은숙,권지윤 대한병리학회 2001 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.35 No.3

복어卵巢 鹽藏品 製造中의 化學的 成分 및 毒性의 變化

김동수,박지현,류병호,양승택,문윤희,김희숙 慶星大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.14 No.4

Attempts were made to investigate the levels of chemical components and detoxification of the salted puffer overies, Fugu xanthopterus, "Ggachibog" and Fugu rubripes rubripes, "Chambog", processing of solid salt mixtures containing sodium bicarbonate, during storage period. Fresh ovaries of the puffers were divided into three portions, sprinkled with a solid salt mixture containing 0,1 or 2% NaHCO₃, and were stored at room temperature for 12 weeks. The samples were examined at each step and assayed for pH, VBN, amino-N, toxicity and thin- layer chromatogram pattern. The results were summarized as follows: The values of pH were appeared to be different with the added amount of siodium bicarbonate and the values of pH were over 7.0 in a salt mixture containing 2% NaHCO₃. The change of VBN value was also revealed about 85mg/100g in A division and 90-100mg/100g in both B and C, respectively, in the salted ovary of puffer "Ggachibog" from 8 weeks. In case of salted product from the "Chamboh" ovary, it had slightly lower value than that of "Ggachibog" ovary. Also, the value of amino-N was increased until 4-6 weeks and was slowly down after the weeks in all samples. All salted products were found to lose most of the toxicity during storage period when the salt containing NaHcO₃was used for sprinkling. In the case of raw ovaries being weak toxicity below 5.0 MU/g or 24.1 MU/g, the toxicity of salted product was dropped near the level to be edible. Therefore there was significant detoxification of the puffer ovaries by the salt mixture containing sodium bicarbonate. Finally, the toxins isolated from each raw puffer ovary were detected to be TTX-related components by thin-layer chromatogrphy.

活性 슬러지에 의한 有害 廢水 處理度에 관한 硏究 : Formaldehyde 廢水 Formaldehyde Wastewater

林哉明,全基一,金守明 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this research was to examine the possibility of biodegradation of the hazardous wastewater -formaldehyde wastewater- and to determine the engineering design parameters by the activated sludge process. The main results of this experimental study are as follows: 1) It was indicated that formaldehyde wastewater can be treated by Activated sludge, and to accmplish the COD removal efficiency 90%, the HRT was above 11 days, COD volume loaling was below 096㎏ COD/㎥·d, and F/M_(v) ratio would be expected to have below 0.45 2) Oxygen reguirment was above 0.81㎏ O₂/㎏ CODrm and Sludge production was about 0.1㎏ VSS/㎏ CODrm.

嫌氣性 消化에 미치는 黃酸鹽의 影響

林哉明,全基一,金正權,金守明 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

The competition for substrate between sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane producing bacteria (MPB), and the inhibitory effects of sulfide produced from microbial sulfate reduction on sulfate reducers and methanogens were investigated in this study by using laboratory digesters. The main results of this experimental study are as follows ; 1) When SRB and MPB was co-cultured, the microbial sulfate reduction occurred first, so that the inhibition of volatile acid on MPB were eliminated. 2) When SRB and MPB competed each other for substrate, the shorter the sludge retention time (SRT), the more dominate species the SRB were. 3) The limit SRT for MPB was above 4.5days, and that for SRB was near 2days. 4) When the carbon source (COD) loading was kept at the same level in comparison with different SO₄^(2-) Loading, biogas production was not inhibited when the ratio of COD to SO₄^(2-) Was above 2.7, that was begun to be inhibited when the ratio was under 2.7, and that was not occurred when the ratio was under 1.0. 5) When the sulfate ion loading was kept at the same level with different carbon source (COD) loading, the biogas production was begun to be retarded when the ratio of COD to SO₄^(2-) Was under 1.0, and that was not occurred when the ratio was 0.5. 6) Finally, when influent concenration of SO₄^(2-) was 1200㎎/l, or sulfide concentration in the digester was above 130㎎/l, the biogas production was begun to be retared. As the influent concentration of SO₄^(2-) was above 2000㎎/l, or the concentration of sulfide in the digester was near 180㎎/l, the biogas production was completely inhibited.

시설재배 작물의 적정 시비량 결정을 위한 간이 검정법

홍순달,김기인,강성수 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

시설재배 토양의 질소공급능력을 예측할 수 있는 질산태 질소의 간이검정법을 개발하기 위하여 실험실 이온 전극법을 기준으로 test strip 측광기법, Hanna specific ion 비색법, Cardy meter법 등 분석방법간에, 그리고 토양수분조건에 따른 시료채취방법을 중량법 이외에 입자밀도법과 용적밀도법을 각각의 분석방법별로 비교 검토하였다. 정밀분석법인 이온전극법과 유사한 신뢰성을 갖는 간이검정법은 test strip 측광기법이었으며 영농현장에서의 활용성을 고려한 시료채취방법은 일정한 용적을 갖는 필름통을 이용한 용적밀도법이 가장 바람직하였다. 따라서 필름통을 이용하여 토양시료를 채취하고 중량은 용적밀도법으로 하는 test strip 측광기에 의한 현장검정법으로 신뢰성있는 토양의 질산태 질소 간이검정법을 개발하였다. 토양의 질산태 질소 함량이 46 mg kg-1에서 345 mg kg-1의 분포를 갖는 12개 시설재배 토양에서 시비수준을 무비구, 검정시비구 및 표준시비구로하여 토마토의 생산력을 검정하고 토양 화학성과의 상호관계 및 회귀관계의 평가로부터 질소 적정시비량 추천모델을 추정하였다. 무비구 토마토의 건물중 및 양분흡수량과 가장 밀접한 상관을 갖는 화학성은 질산태 산소였다. 토양의 질산태 질소 함량과 무비구 토마토의 건물중, 비료효과 및 시비효율의 회귀관계 분석으로부터 토마토 질소 무시비 재배를 위한 질산태 질소의 상한기준은 280 mg kg-1으로 추정되었다. 토양의 질산태 질소가 46, 96, 126 mg kg-1인 3개 토양에서 무비구 검정시비구 및 표준시비구의 3개 시비수준에 대한 건물중 변화관계로부터 토마토 질소 표준시비를 위한 질산태 질소 하한기준은 100 mg kg-1으로 추정되었다. 따라서 토양의 질산태 질소 100 mg kg-1이상에서 280 mg kg-1이하의 토양에 대한 질소 적정시비량은 회귀식 Y(표준시비량에 대한 시비비율, %) = -0.5556 x NO3-N (mg kg-1) + 155.568으로 평가되었다.