Increased Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid from Brewer’s Spent Grain Through Bacillus Fermentation

Kim Tao,Heo Sojeong,Na Hong-Eun,Lee Gawon,Lee Jong-Hoon,Kim Ji Yeon,Jeong Do-Won 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.4

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a waste product of the beer industry, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a physiologically active substance important for brain and neuron physiology. In this study, we used the bacterial strains Bacillus velezensis DMB06 and B. licheniformis 0DA23-1, respectively, to ferment BSG and produce GABA. The GABA biosynthesis pathways were identified through genomic analysis of the genomes of both strains. We then inoculated the strains into BSG to determine changes in pH, acidity, reducing sugar content, amino-type nitrogen content, and GABA production, which was approximately doubled in BSG inoculated with Bacillus compared to that in uninoculated BSG; however, no significant difference was observed in GABA production between the two bacterial strains. These results provide the experimental basis for expanding the use of BSG by demonstrating the potential gain in increasing GABA production from a waste resource.

빅 데이터를 이용한 해양오염방제 의사결정시스템 구축 현황

김가원(Gawon Kim),이정현(Cheonghyun Lee),임효혁(Hyohyuc Im),이봉주(Lee Bongju) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2019 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Experience of a COVID-19 outbreak response in a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

Chanhee Kim,Gawon Choi,Shin Young Park,Jieun Kim,Young Joon Park,Kyungnam Kim 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in general hospitals are particularly risky because they not only overburden the regional healthcare delivery system, but also increase the possibility of community transmission. This study shares an experience of a COVID-19 outbreak response in a general hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. METHODS: Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was recognized in Hospital A on March 29, 2020, the Immediate Response Team of Gyeonggi Province and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency devised a plan to conduct an epidemiological investigation and minimize the paralysis of hospital functions. Apart from the epidemiological investigation, a risk assessment of the hospital and management of contacts, including patients and workers, were also undertaken. RESULTS: In total, 72 confirmed cases were identified, including 26 hospitalized patients, 16 healthcare personnel, 7 visitors, and 22 cases identified externally. The majority of the confirmed cases were exposed in Ward B or were contacts of people exposed in Ward A (58.3% of 72 cases). Among healthcare personnel, caregivers were found to be the most vulnerable to COVID-19 in this outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Preparation for all possible situations in medical facilities is important because it is difficult to find alternative resources. The findings of this study provide information on controlling the further transmission of COVID-19 and furnish evidence of the importance of ordinary management skills to be prepared for COVID-19.

Bacterial Community of Galchi-Baechu Kimchi Based on Culture-Dependent and - Independent Investigation and Selection of Starter Candidates

( Tao Kim ),( Sojeong Heo ),( Hong-eun Na ),( Gawon Lee ),( Jong-hoon Kim ),( Mi-sun Kwak ),( Moon-hee Sung ),( Do-won Jeong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.3

In this study, the bacterial community of galchi-baechu kimchi was determined using culture-based and culture-independent techniques (next generation sequencing:NGS), and showed discrepancies between results. Weissella koreensis and Pediococcus inopinatus were the dominant species according to the NGS results, while Bacillus species and P. inopinatus were dominant in the culture-dependent analysis. To identify safe starter candidates, sixty-five Bacillus strains isolated from galchi-baechu kimchi using culture-dependent methods were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance, presence of toxin genes, and hemolytic activity. Strains were then assessed for salt tolerance and protease and lipase activity. As a result, four strains-B. safensis GN5_10, B. subtilis GN5_19, B. velezensis GN5_25, and B. velezensis GT8-were selected as safe starter candidates for use in fermented foods.

성인의 학력인정 문해교실 수업 재구성 탐색

김가원(Gawon Kim) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 2016 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.37 No.2

Paulo Freire emphasized the importance of developing as an independent learner by taking critical views through literacy class participation which may help enhance an individual’s thinking and action process. The purpose of this study is to suggest a new direction in literacy class that develops an individual learner’s self-reflective and independent thinking ability by reconstructing the contents of the literacy class which takes Freire’s perspectives on literacy education into account. The findings will serve as the first step in addressing the limitations of accredited literacy education, which tends to focus on functional education. In addition, this study provides a foundation that help literacy education learners develop independent and critical skills.

지방자치단체 성인지예·결산제도 분석·평가사업(Ⅲ)

정가원(Gawon Chung),장윤선(Youn Sun Chang),김병권(Byeongkwon Kim),김효진(Hyo-Jin Kim),홍미영(Mee Young Hong ),박금식(Kum Sik Park),고강인(Gang In Ko) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2017 한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

The budgeting process is mainly broken down into four different stages which include budget formation, budget execution, performance review and feedback. Up to recently, the focus of studies on gender budgeting of local governments in Korea has been put on the stages of budget formation and execution. Moreover, the status of preparation of gender budget performance reports by local governments has not been grasped and even official data on them has not been collected. However, the substantial management of gender budget performance review is one of the most significant conditions for evaluating gender budget performance in local governments and for ensuring that the results of the evaluation are feedback into the following year’s budget. Therefore, this study focuses on gender budget performance review and feedback, and intends to identify the status of preparation of gender budget performance reports and challenges of gender budget performance review so as to present ways for improvement. For this study, the opinions of government officials and the status of preparation of gender budget performance reports were analyzed to figure out the status and challenges of gender budget performance review. In addition, a local case study on gender budget performance review was performed together with Busan Women and Family Development Institute with an aim to present ways to enhance the effectiveness of gender budget performance review in local governments. In Chapter 2, the adequacy of gender budget performance review in local governments was assessed, and the role of gender budget performance review in the general settlement of accounts was identified to find out areas for improvement in the performance review. In Chapter 3, an analysis was made of the status of preparation of gender budget performance reports for fiscal year 2014 and 2015 by 17 upper-level local governments. In particular, the analysis focused on the status of achievement of performance objectives by administrative district, city & province, target project and sector as well as the results of budget execution by gender. Furthermore, limitations and challenges of gender budget performance review in local governments were identified from the perspective of government officials as the ones managing the system so as to identify demands for improvement. Chapter 4 addresses challenges and demands for improvement in gender budget performance review specifically in Busan identified by performing a local case study jointly with Busan Women and Family Development Institute that has experience in consulting on preparation of gender budget statements and performance reports. In Chapter 5, the analytical results of this study are summarized and based on which, policy recommendations are made. Policy recommendations based on this study are made as follows: Firstly, it is recommended to further utilize the data from gender budget performance reports. To that end, it is needed to revise the Guideline for Preparing a Gender Budget Performance Report with an intention to raise the accuracy and reliability of the data from gender budget performance reports. In addition, inspection of auditors and deliberation of local councils should be strengthened for gender budget performance reports. Secondly, it is recommended to make improvements in the gender budget feedback system. A project that fails to achieve performance objectives should be selected again as a gender budget project so as to manage the gender equality performance of the project. There is also a need to encourage a reduction in the gender gap by reviewing performance objectives for projects with more than 10%p of differences in the results of gender benefit analysis. 1. 연구개요 □ 연구목적 및 필요성 ○ 예산의 편성→집행→결산→환류의 단계에서 지금까지의 지방자치단체 성인지예산제도에 대한 연구는 편성과 집행 단계에 집중되었음 ○ 지방자치단체 성인지결산서 작성 및 운영현황은 파악되지 않고 있으며 공식 통계조차 집계되지 않고 있는 상황임 ○ 하지만 지방자치단체 성인지예산제도의 성과를 평가하고 성인지결산의 결과가 다음년도 예산편성에 반영되기 위한 가장 중요한 조건 중 하나가 성인지결산의 내실있는 운영이라고 할 수 있음 ○ 따라서 본 연구에서는 지방자치단체 성인지예산제도 운영과정 중 결산과 환류 단계에 초점을 맞추고 성인지결산서 작성현황과 성인지결산의 문제점을 파악하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 함 □연구내용 및 방법 ○연구내용 - 본 연구에서는 지방자치단체 성인지결산제도의 운영현황과 문제점을 성인지결산서 작성현황과 공무원 의견을 중심으로 파악하고, 부산여성가족개발원과 성인지결산제도 운영 지역사례 연구를 수행함으로써 그 결과를 바탕으로 지방자치단체 성인지결산제도의 실효성을 제고할 수 있는 개선방안을 제시하고자 함 - 제2장에서는 지방자치단체 성인지결산체계의 적정성을 평가함. 일반결산체계 속에서 성인지결산체계가 어떠한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 개선되어야 할 지점을 도출함 - 제3장에서는 17개 광역자치단체의 2014회계연도 및 2015회계연도 성인지결산서 작성현황을 분석함. 특히 성과목표 달성현황을 행정구역별, 시·도별, 대상사업별, 분야별로 살펴보고 성별 집행실적을 분석함. 또한 지방자치단체 성인지결산제도의 한계와 문제점을 제도운영의 주체인 공무원의 관점에서 파악하고 개선수요를 도출함 - 제4장에서는 성인지예·결산서 분석과 컨설팅 경험이 있는 부산여성가족개발원과 함께 성인지결산제도 운영 지역사례 연구를 수행함으로써 성인지결산제도 운영에서 드러나는 문제점과 개선수요를 지역 밀착적으로 파악함 - 제5장에서는 본 연구의 분석결과를 종합적으로 논의하고 이를 바탕으로 관련 정책과제를 제안하였음 ○연구방법 - 첫째, 문헌연구를 실시함. 일반결산체계 속 성인지결산체계의 역할을 파악하고 사업에 대한 사후평가라는 공통점을 가지고 있는 다른 제도들과의 비교를 통해 지방자치단체 성인지결산체계의 실효성을 증대시킬 수 있는 지점을 탐색하고 함의를 도출함 - 둘째, 17개 광역자치단체의 2014회계연도 및 2015회계연도 성인지결산서에 담긴 정보를 직접 입력하여 데이터베이스를 구축하고 성인지결산서 작성현황과 성과목표 달성현황, 성별 집행실적 등을 분석함 - 셋째, 지방자치단체 공무원과 지역 성별영향분석평가센터 전문가를 대상으로 FGI를 실시하여 제도운영상의 어려움과 문제점을 파악하고 개선수요를 도출함 - 넷째, 산학연 공동연구를 실시함. 부산여성가족개발원과 함께 성인지결산제도 운영 지역사례 연구를 수행함 - 다섯째, 전문가 자문회의를 실시함. 관련 학계, 연구자 등을 대상으로 전문가 자문회의를 개최하여 연구방향, 내용 및 방법과 연구결과에 기반한 정책개발 등과 관련하여 의견을 수렴함 2. 지방자치단체 성인지결산체계 적정성 평가 □ 지방자치단체 일반결산과 성인지결산 ○ 지방자치단체 일반결산제도 - 결산은 회계연도 내의 모든 세입과 세출예산의 집행실적을 확정적인 수치로 표시하는 행위이며 결산의 목적은 의회에서 의결된 대로 예산을 집행하였는지를 규명하기 위함임 - 지방자치단체가 결산보고서를 지방의회에 제출하기 전 지방의회에서 임명한 결산검사위원이 결산검사를 실시하며 검사결과는 지방자치단체의 장에게 제출됨. 지방자치단체의 장은 검사결과를 첨부하여 결산서를 지방의회에 제출함 ○ 지방자치단체 성인지결산제도 - 지방회계법 제18조에 따라 지방자치단체의 장은 여성과 남성이 동등하게 예산의 혜택을 받고 예산이 성차별을 개선하는 방향으로 집행되었는지를 평가하는 보고서인 성인지결산서를 작성해야 함 - 성인지결산서는 26종 결산서 첨부서류 중 하나로 결산검사의 대상에는 해당되지만 지방의회 승인과정에서의 의결대상은 아님 □ 지방자치단체 성과관리제도 ○ 지방재정 성과관리 - 2016회계연도부터 지방자치단체의 장은 성과계획서와 성과보고서를 작성하여 지방의회에 제출해야 함 - 성과보고서는 성과계획서 상의 모든 정책사업을 대상으로 작성하며 임의변경은 금지되어 있음. 성과계획서 상의 정책사업 목표(성과지표)와 성과보고서 상의 정책사업 달성도(성과지표 목표 달성도)가 일치하도록 작성해야 함

Pituitary Carcinoma with Mandibular Metastasis: A Case Report

Young Min Kim,Yeoung Cheol Cho,Jae Hee Suh,Gawon Choi,Hye-Jeong Choi,Young Kim,Hee Jeong Cha,Seong Hoon Choi 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.S

Cognitive and Emotional Empathy in Young Adolescents: an fMRI Study

Eun Jin Kim,Jung-Woo Son,Seong Kyoung Park,Seungwon Chung,Hei-Rhee Ghim,Seungbok Lee,Sang-Ick Lee,Chul-Jin Shin,Siekyeong Kim,Gawon Ju,Hyemi Park,Jeonghwan Lee 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2020 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.31 No.3

Objectives: We investigated the differences in cognitive and emotional empathic ability between adolescents and adults, and the differences of the brain activation during cognitive and emotional empathy tasks. Methods: Adolescents (aged 13–15 years, n=14) and adults (aged 19–29 years, n=17) completed a range of empathic ability questionnaires and were scanned functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during both cognitive and emotional empathy task. Differences in empathic ability and brain activation between the groups were analyzed. Results: Both cognitive and emotional empathic ability were significantly lower in the adolescent compared to the adult group. Comparing the adolescent to the adult group showed that brain activation was significantly greater in the right transverse temporal gyrus (BA 41), right insula (BA 13), right superior parietal lobule (BA 7), right precentral gyrus (BA 4), and right thalamus whilst performing emotional empathy tasks. No brain regions showed significantly greater activation in the adolescent compared to the adult group while performing cognitive empathy task. In the adolescent group, scores of the Fantasy Subscale in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which reflects cognitive empathic ability, negatively correlated with activity of right superior parietal lobule during emotional empathic situations (r=-0.739, p=0.006). Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that adolescents possess lower cognitive and emotional empathic abilities than adults do and require compensatory hyperactivation of the brain regions associated with emotional empathy or embodiment in emotional empathic situation. Compensatory hyperactivation in the emotional empathy-related brain areas among adolescents are likely associated with their lower cognitive empathic ability.

COVID-19 팬데믹 상황에서 지속가능한 금연 정책 고찰 및 제언 - 지역사회 금연 지원사업을 중심으로 -

김예현(Yehyun Kim),최지원(Jiwon Choi),이가원(Gawon Lee),구혜은(Haeeun Koo),이소민(Somin Lee),김혜경(Hyekyeong Kim) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2022 보건학논집 Vol.59 No.2

Early Intervention Reduces the Spread of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Republic of Korea

Park Shin Young,Choi Gawon,Lee Hyeyoung,Kim Na-young,Lee Seon-young,Kim Kyungnam,Shin Soyoung,Jang Eunsu,Moon YoungSin,Oh KwangHwan,Choi JaeRin,Lee Sang-Eun,Kim Young-Man,Kim Jieun,Yi Seonju,Gwack Jin 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.4

This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on reported cases from long-term care facilities. As of April 20th, 2020, 3 long-term care facilities in a metropolitan area of South Korea had reported cases of COVID-19. These facilities’ employees were presumed to be the sources of infection. There were 2 nursing hospitals that did not report any additional cases. One nursing home had a total of 25 cases, with an attack rate of 51.4% (95% CI 35.6–67.0), and a fatality rate of 38.9% (95% CI 20.3–61.4) among residents. The results from this study suggest that early detection and maintenance of infection control minimizes the risk of rapid transmission.