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The Context of Traditional Chinese Residence
Fang,Xiaofeng 국민대학교 동양문화디자인연구소 2011 Journal of Oriental Culture&Design Vol.3 No.1
“Pan-residence” or the pursuit of the universality of architecture is a tendency in the traditional Chinese architecture. With residence as sample, the article clarified several cultural characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture through organizing the information about traditional residence. Traditional Chinese residence attaches importance to the corresponding relationship between geometrical position and social rank; in terms of spatial form, the traditional Chinese residence is characteristic of outward closure and inward openness; for the architectural ornament, there is clear level restrictions besides the lucky culture. The article explained the relationship between Yin-Yang, five element theory and Feng-Shui. Based on this theory, traditional Chinese culture established an environmental system of universal connection, through which built up a unique ancient Chinese architecture system. In the end, the article briefly introduced the private garden which is co-existent with residence, explaining the value of traditional Chinese private garden on the theory of culture that complements mutually.
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Molecular Characterization of Ca_(∨)2.3 in Rat Trigemical Ganglion Neurons
Zhi Fang,Kim, Joong-Soo,Oh, Seog-Bae The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2
R-type(Ca_(∨)2.3) calcium channel contributes to pain sensation in peripheral sensory neurons. Six isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 that result from combinations of presence or delection of three inserts(inserts Ⅰ and insert in the Ⅱ-Ⅲ loop, and insert Ⅲ in N-terminal regions) have been demonstrated to be present in different mammalian tissues. However, the molecular basis of Ca_(∨)2.3 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) neurons is not known. In the present study, we determined which isoforms of Ca_(∨)2.3 are expressed in rat TG neurons using the RT-PCR analysis. Whole tissue RT-PCR analyses revealed that only two isoforms, Ca_(∨)2.3a and Ca_(∨)2.3e, were present in TG neurons. From single-cell RT-PCR, we found that Ca_(∨)2.3e rather than Ca_(∨)2.3a was the major isoform expressed in TG neurons, and Ca_(∨)2.3e was preferentially detected in small-sized neurons that express nociceptive marker, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1). Our results suggest that Ca_(∨)2.3e in trigeminal neurons may be a potential target for the pain treatment.
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Social service purchasing in China: Rationale, features, and risks
Natasha Cortis1,Qian Fang1,Zhenfang Dou2 한국사회복지학회 2018 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.12 No.3
progressing an agenda of purchasing child welfare and other social services from the nongovernment sector, primarily to expand capacity and address vast unmet need. This paper draws on current research evidence to explore the approaches to purchasing emerging in China, examining the rationale for purchasing and models of supply, competition, and regulation. While some approaches are modeled on direct service contracting, direct purchasing of social service “posts” is also used, aimed at achieving goals of professionalization alongside service expansion. Overall, the review shows purchasing is helping to rapidly expand service scale and capacity; however, regulatory strategies for managing and mitigating risks to quality and access appear lacking. This highlights the need for further scholarship aimed at developing the robust risk management strategies which are required to support high quality, sustainable provision of purchased services.
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Gui Fang-Fang,Jiang Ge-Ge,Bin Dong,Zhong Shi-Wei,Xiao Zheng,Qiu Fang,Wang Yi-Guang,Yang Li-Yuan,Zhao Hongbo 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.9
Background MIKC type MADS-box transcription factors are one of the largest gene families and play a pivotal role in flowering time and flower development. Chimonanthus salicifolius belongs to the family Calycanthaceae and has a unique flowering time and flowering morphology compared to other Chimonanthus species, but the research on MIKC type MADS-box gene family of C. salicifolius has not been reported. Objective Identification, comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, the expression pattern of MIKC-type MADS-box gene family from different tissues of C. salicifolius. Methods Genome-wide investigation and expression pattern under different tissues of the MIKC-type MADS-box gene family in C. salicifolius, and their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, gene structure, motif distribution, promoter cis-acting element were performed. Results A total of 29 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified from the whole genome sequencing. Interspecies synteny analysis revealed more significant collinearity between C. salicifolius and the magnoliids species compared to eudicots and monocots. MIKC-type MADS-box genes from the same subfamily share similar distribution patterns, gene structure, and expression patterns. Compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, Nymphaea colorata, and Chimonanthus praecox, the FLC genes were absent in C. salicifolius, while the AGL6 subfamily was expanded in C. salicifolius. The selectively expanded promoter (AGL6) and lack of repressor (FLC) genes may explain the earlier flowering in C. salicifolius. The loss of the AP3 homologous gene in C. salicifolius is probably the primary cause of the morphological distinction between C. salicifolius and C. praecox. The csAGL6a gene is specifically expressed in the flowering process and indicates the potential function of promoting flowering. Conclusion This study offers a genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the C. salicifolius, and establishes the foundation for screening flowering development genes and understanding the potential function of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the C. salicifolius.
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Fang-Ming Chen,Hsueh-Wei Chang,Sheau-Fang Yang,Ya-Fang Huang,Pei-Yung Nien,Yao-Tsung Yeh,Ming-Feng Hou 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.5
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) belongs to the MAPK cascades which are central to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The carcinogenic role of MKP-1 has been reported in many types of cancer but it has rarely been investigated in breast cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the MKP-1 mRNA expression and its possible regulation by methylation of MKP-1 promoter in the model of several breast cancer cell lines and tissues as well as controls. Our data demonstrate MKP-1mRNA expression significantly decreased in five breast cancer cell lines compared to breast controls (P <0.01). Using the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis,the unmethylated reaction (U) is dominant in both normal cell lines and benign breast tumors (100% vs. 86.2%), whereas the methylated reaction (M) is dominant in both breast cancer cell lines and invasive breast tumors (100% vs. 57.2%). In terms of methylation ratio (M/M+U), methylation level in MKP-1 promoter is significantly higher in the invasive breast tumor tissues (n = 152) than in benign breast tumor tissues (n = 29)(P < 0.0001). Assessing the methylation ratio of the promoter of MKP-1 gene to diagnose the breast malignancy (invasive vs. benign), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.809(95% CI: 0.711-0.906, P < 0.001). The best performance for this prediction has a sensitivity of 76.32% and a specificity of 82.76% at the cutoff value of 0.38. Taken together, we firstly demonstrated that the promoter methylation of MKP-1 gene is a potential breast cancer biomarker for breast malignancy.
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Fang Fang Xiao,이선령,민보영 한국호텔관광학회 2015 호텔관광연구 Vol.17 No.3
This study examines the relationships between cognitive image, affective image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Destination images play a significant influencing role in destination selection. This study was conducted with the specific goal of determining the destination images of South Korea as perceived by Chinese travelers. A conceptual framework was developed to model these relationships, which was validated with an empirical data set. The survey was conducted with Chinese tourists to South Korea by questionnaire from September 1st to September 25th, 2014. Based on the response of a total of 400 Chinese tourists obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypotheses using Amos program. The hypothesized relationship in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structure equation model(SEM). The results of structural equation modeling show that cognitive and affective image as independent variables had an effect on perceived value. The perceived value had influence on both tourist satisfaction and behavior intention. Moreover, tourist satisfaction had effect on perceived value and behavior intention. Finally, the implications and future research suggestions were discussed in the conclusion section. This study identified the major concepts in destination improvement and investigated their effects on tourist satisfaction and positive behavior intention toward the destination. Thus, tourism organizations and local government could establish a loyal tourism market in China by improving the destination image and market strategies. Recommendations are provided to offer valuable direction to Korean tourism offices and marketers to better promote South Korea as a valuable destination for Chinese tourists.
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Paper-based Cell Culture Microfluidic System
Fang Fang Tao,Xia Xiao,Kin Fong Lei,I-Chi Lee 한국바이오칩학회 2015 BioChip Journal Vol.9 No.2
In the past decades, glass/PDMS-basedmicrofluidic systems have been rapidly developed to provide homogenous and stable microenvironment for culturing cells. Although these excellent demonstrations involve much simplified operations than traditional cell culture protocol, but they are still not readily accessible to untrained personnel and not appropriate to operate in conventional biological laboratories. In this work, cellulose filter papers were used for the substrates of the cell culture microfluidic system, which provides a convenient tool for cell-based assay. A paper was patterned with culture areas and channels by wax printing technique. Medium or tested substance can be passively perfused to the culture areas. Analyses of cyto-compatibility, cell proliferation, cell morphology, and cell chemosensitivity were performed to confirm the possibility of the paper-based system. Theculture system could provide a platform for a wide range of cell-based assays with applications in drug screening and quantitative cell biology. This work demonstrated a paper-based cell culture microfluidic system and the system is inexpensive, disposable, and compatible to the existing culture facility. In the past decades, glass/PDMS-based microfluidic systems have been rapidly developed to provide homogenous and stable microenvironment for culturing cells. Although these excellent demonstrations involve much simplified operations than traditional cell culture protocol, but they are still not readily accessible to untrained personnel and not appropriate to operate in conventional biological laboratories. In this work, cellulose filter papers were used for the substrates of the cell culture microfluidic system, which provides a convenient tool for cell-based assay. A paper was patterned with culture areas and channels by wax printing technique. Medium or tested substance can be passively perfused to the culture areas. Analyses of cyto-compatibility, cell proliferation, cell morphology,and cell chemosensitivity were performed to confirm the possibility of the paper-based system. The culture system could provide a platform for a wide range of cell-based assays with applications in drug screening and quantitative cell biology. This work demonstrateda paper-based cell culture microfluidic system and the system is inexpensive, disposable, and compatible to the existing culture facility.
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