農業系高等學校 學生의 벼농사 基礎能力과 그 關聯要因

李殷雄,李庸煥,宋海均 서울大學校 農科大學 1979 서울대농학연구지 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of the study was to determine what kind of basic ability the farmers need for rice farming and to examine the level of basic ability in rice farming retained by students in agricultural high schools and to evaluate the relationship between their abilities and certain variables. In October, 1977, fourteen high schools which vocational agriculture subjects are taught were selected by the stratified sampling method. The test of basic ability in rice farming administered by the researcher, and Song's achievement motivation inventory, were then undertaken, using as subjects 1480 third year students from the sampled schools. The test of basic ability in rice farming was also used to measure the cognitive abilities such as knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, comprehension, and evaluation, accrding to Bloom's classification of educational objectives. Various personal information such as effort to acquire knowledge of skill in agricultural subject matter, farming experience, special preparation for entrance or employment examination, club activities, self-confidence, number of brothers and sisters, birth order, father's schooling. family income per month, real estate, preference for agricultural subject matter, and the parents' expectation in the child's career selection, were obtained through the questionnaire. Individual intelligence quotient and academic achievements with regard to rice crop science, soil and fertilizer, farm management, crop protection, and farm machinery, were obtained from the official student records at each school. Course units on each subject matter, which the students had taken for three years, were also surveyed. The basic procedual design in the study was for the researcher to manipulate the independent variables and observe how the dependent variable (the basic ability in rice farming) changes. The statistical techniques used in the study were, frequency, percentile, arithmatic mean, standard deviation, one-way and two-way analysis of varience, Duncan's new multiple range test, factor analysis by principle component analysis with iteration, Hayashi's theory of quantification (Ⅰ), (Ⅱ), (Ⅲ), canonical correlation analysis, simple correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) utilizing FACOM 230-60/75 at the Hokkaido University Computing Center of Japan. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1. The test of basic ability in rice farming seemed to be able to measure the ability in rice farming and cognitive abilities of the students. The half-split reliability coefficient of the test inventory was. 72 which was calculated by the Spearman-Brown fromula. The full score of the instrument was 46, the highest being 39, the lowest being 5, a mean score of 20.22, and a standard deviation of 5.64. 2. The basic ability scores in rice farming differed significantly among groups of school. 3. The basic ability scores in rice farming of the students in urban areas were the highest and of those in the suburbs of large cities the lowest. 4. The basic ability scores in rice farming differed significantly among the different kinds of schools; the scores of the students of the demonstration agricultural high schools were the highest and those of the students of comprehensive high schools the lowest. 5. The basic ability scores were positively correlated, beyond the significant level, with regard to the intellingence quotient scores, achievement motivation scores, academic achievement scores of subject matter related to rice farming, mean score of total academic achievements, and effort to acquire knowledge or skill in agricultural subject matter. 6. The basic ability scores were positively correlated, beyond the significant level, with regard to the level of farming experience prebvalent in the farming group that the students wanted to engage in farming after graduation. 7. The group of students who had one or two brothers or sisters showed a lower score in their basic ability in rice farming than the groups of students who had more than three brothers and/or sisters, although the scores did not differ with regard to birth order. 8. The role of general factor in factor analysis using the variables-cognitive abilities, ten academic achievement scores, intelligence quotient scores, and achievement motivation scores was not clear. 9. Canonical correlation coefficient was .50 between the first set which consisted of cognitive abilities and the second set which consisted of nine academic achievement scores, intelligence quotient scores, and achievement motivation scores. 10. The multiple correlation ratio was .57 between the basic ability scores used as a dependent variable and the following ninteen variables used as a independent variable by the analysis involving Hayashi's theory of quantification (Ⅰ); location of school, kind of school, major field of study, total course units of the subject matter related to rice farming, total course units of rice crop science, intelligence quotient, achievement motivation, mean score of academic achievements related to rice farming, mean score of academic achievement in total subject matter, effort to acquire knowledge or skill in agricultural subject matter, farming experience, special preparation for the entrance or employment examinations, club activity, self-confidence, number of brothers and/or sisters, father's occupation, father's schooling, family income per month, and real estate. The ninteen variables were found to discriminate the upper group from the lower group in basic ability in rice farming by eighty two percent proportionably in the analysis of theory of quantification(Ⅱ). The important factors influencing the retention of basic ability in rice farming were, in order, total course units of the subject matter related to rice farming, total course units of rice crop science, mean score of academic achievements in total subject matter, location of school, intelligence quotient, major field of study, academic achievement score related to rice farming, kind of school, effort to acquire knowledge or skill in agricultural subject matter, achievement motivation, and so on.

연쇄알구균 감염에 의한 급성 인후염 후 반응성 관절염 1예

박은하,도연실,양정채,강미라,서현주,정숙인,손준성,기현균,오원섭,백경란,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

연쇄알구균에 의한 급성 인후염 후 발생한 반응성 관절염은 급성 류마티스열의 개정된 진단기준을 충족하지 못하면서, 지속적 혹은 재발성의 비이동성 관절염과 발열, 홍반성 결절, 일시적 간기능 이상 등을 보이면서 심장염과 무도증을 드물게 동반하는 질환이다. 따라서, 발열을 동반한 급성 관절염 환자에서 감별해야 할 질환 중의 하나이며, 심근염 예방을 위한 페니실린 요법의 적응증 및 기간에 대해서는 아직 이론이 많은 상황으로, 보다 광범위한 연구가 필요하다. 저자들은 연쇄알구균에 의한 급성 인후염 1주 후에 발생한 하지의 다발성 비이동성 관절염과 함께 결절홍반 및 일시적 간기능 이상을 보인 환자에서 PSRA로 진단하고 비스테로이드성 항염증제 및 스테로이드로 성공적인 치료를 하였기에 이를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (PSRA) is associated with recent streptococcal infections. However, PSRA is distinct from acute rheumatic fever by its clinical manifestations: non-migrating arthritis, erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme, and transient elevation of serum transaminases. We experienced a 33-year-old man who presented with fever, arthritis of both knees and ankles, and erythema nodosums on extensor surfaces of lower legs which developed 6 days after the onset of pharyngitis symptoms. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Throat culture was negative for group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. The ASO titers increased up to 2080 IU/mL in sequential monitoring. The result of bone scan was compatible to arthritis of both knees and ankles. There were no signs or symptom of carditis. He showed clinical improvement with anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen 1,000 mg/day and prednisolone 7.5 mg/d). PSRA should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with arthritis combined with fever.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

은행잎의 염색성 및 자외선 차단 효과

송은영(Song Eun Young),송명견(Song Myung Kyun) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2007 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Adiponectin is a potential catabolic mediator in osteoarthritis cartilage

Kang , Eun Ha,Lee, Yun Jong,Kim, Tae Kyun,Chang, Chong Bum,Chung, Jin-Haeng,Shin, Kichul,Lee, Eun Young,Lee, Eun Bong,Song, Yeong Wook BioMed Central 2010 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.12 No.6

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Adiponectin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We studied the effects of adiponectin on the OA cartilage homeostasis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate differential expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) in nonlesional and lesional areas of OA cartilage. Cartilage and chondrocytes from the knee joints of primary OA patients were cultured in the presence of adiponectin (0~30 μg/ml). The levels of total nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -13, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were measured in the conditioned media. The levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and MMPs were determined with the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of collagenase-cleaved type II collagen neoepitope (C1-2C) were determined in the supernatant of adiponectin-stimulated OA cartilage explants. The effects of kinase and NOS inhibitors were evaluated in the adiponectin-stimulated chondrocytes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The expression levels of both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were significantly higher in lesional than in nonlesional areas of OA cartilage. The increased rate of AdipoR1-positive chondrocytes was twice that of AdipoR2-positive chondrocytes when compared between nonlesional and lesional areas. Adiponectin-stimulated OA chondrocytes showed increased total NO and MMP-1, -3, and -13 levels compared with nonstimulated cells. The TIMP-1 level was not affected. The C1-2C levels were increased by adiponectin in OA cartilage explant culture. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors (compound C and SP600125) significantly suppressed adiponectin-induced production of total NO and MMP-1, -3, and -13. Inducible NOS inhibitors enhanced the expression of the adiponectin-induced MMPs.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Adiponectin causes matrix degradation in OA cartilage and increases MMPs and iNOS expression via the AMPK and JNK pathways in human OA chondrocytes. The catabolic effects of adiponectin may be counteracted by NO.</P>

Altered lipoproteins in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with augmented oxidative stress: a potential role in atherosclerosis

Park, Jin Kyun,Kim, Jae-Yong,Moon, Jin Young,Ahn, Eun Young,Lee, Eun Young,Lee, Eun Bong,Cho, Kyung-Hyun,Song, Yeong Wook BioMed Central 2016 Arthritis research & therapy Vol.18 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>To examine the structural and oxidative properties of lipoproteins from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The lipid profiles of 35 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were compared. Oxidation status, susceptibility to oxidation, and structural integrity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), de novo formation of conjugated dienes in the presence of CuSO<SUB>4</SUB>, and mobility on gel electrophoresis, respectively. In vitro foam cell formation and the oxidative potential in zebrafish embryos were examined.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>LDL levels in SLE patients and HCs were similar (<I>p</I> = 0.277). LDL from SLE patients was more fragmented than that from HCs. In addition, LDL from SLE patients was more oxidized than LDL from HCs (<I>p</I> < 0.001) and more susceptible to de novo oxidation (<I>p</I> < 0.001) in vitro. THP-1 cells engulfed more LDL from SLE patients than LDL from HCs (<I>p</I> < 0.001). LDL from SLE patients, which was injected into zebrafish embryos, induced a higher degree of oxidation and a higher mortality than LDL from HCs (both <I>p</I> < 0.001). The survival of embryos treated with oxidized LDL was significantly better in the presence of HDL<SUB>3</SUB> from HCs than that from SLE patients (all <I>p</I> < 0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Lipoproteins from SLE patients exhibited greater oxidative potential, which might contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1204-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Triterpenoids from Trapa pseudoincisa

Song, Myoung-Chong,Yang, Hye-Joung,Lee, Dea-Young,Ahn, Eun-Mi,Kim, Dae-Keun,Kim, Ji-Young,Chung, Dae-Kyun,Baek, Nam-In The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2007 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.50 No.4

Trapa pseudoincisa Nakai, an aquatic plant, was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. The EtOAc fraction gave three compounds, which were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. Based on the spectroscopic data obtained from NMR, MS, and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as cycloeucalenol (1), ursolic acid (2), and 2${\beta}$,3${\alpha}$,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3). These triterpenoids were isolated for the first time from Hydrocaryaceae plants including T. pseudoincisa NAKAI.

The suppressive effect of the three-herb extract mixture on vascular and liver inflammation in atherogenic diet with high fructose-fed mice

Song, Hae Seong,Koo, Hyun Jung,Park, Bong Kyun,Kwon, Jeong Eun,Jang, Seon-A,Baek, Hyun Jin,Kim, Se Young,Lee, Sung Ryul,Kang, Se Chan TaylorFrancis 2018 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.56 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Context:</B><I>Cynanchum wilfordii</I> (Maximowicz) Hemsley (Apocynaceae), <I>Arctium lappa</I> L. var. <I>rubescens</I> Frivald (Asteraceae) and <I>Dioscorea opposite</I> Thunb (Dioscoreaceae) root extracts have been widely used as an alternative for intervening obesity.</P><P><B>Objectives:</B> The synergistic effect of three-herb mixture of <I>C. wilfordii</I>, <I>A. lappa</I> and <I>D. opposita</I> was determined on aortic and liver inflammatory responses.</P><P><B>Materials and methods:</B> CWE, ALE and DOE were prepared from the root of <I>C. wilfordii</I>, <I>A. lappa</I> and <I>D. opposite</I> by 70% ethanol extraction, respectively. CADE was prepared using a powder mixture of 2 CWE:1 ALE:1 DOE. C57BL/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet combined with 10% fructose (ATHFR) in the presence of 200 mg/kg/day CWE, ALE, DOE or CADE for 8 weeks (each group, <I>n</I> = 6). Biochemical profiles, protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the aorta and liver were determined.</P><P><B>Results:</B> CADE could significantly suppress the protein expression of VCAM-1 in both the aorta and liver (80% reduction) compared to ATHFR-fed mice. Impairment of liver function was significantly ameliorated by CADE supplement, as determined by GOT (60% reduction) and GPT (51% reduction) levels.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> CADE should be considered when developing medications to suppress the vascular and liver inflammatory responses for individuals who are either non-responsive or resistant to lipid-lowering drugs.</P>

Colonic Pseudo-obstruction With Transition Zone: A Peculiar Eastern Severe Dysmotility

Eun Mi Song,Jong Wook Kim,Sun-Ho Lee,Kiju Chang,Sung Wook Hwang,Sang Hyoung Park,Dong-Hoon Yang,Kee Wook Jung,Byong Duk Ye,Jeong-Sik Byeon,Suk-Kyun Yang,Hyo Jeong Lee,Chang Sik Yu,Chan Wook Kim,Seong 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.1

Background/Aims Previous studies from Korea have described chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) patients with transition zone (TZ) in the colon. In this study, we evaluated the pathological characteristics and their association with long-term outcomes in Korean colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) patients with TZ. Methods We enrolled 39 CPO patients who were refractory to medical treatment and underwent colectomy between November 1989 and April 2016 (median age at symptoms onset: 45 [interquartile range, 29–57] years, males 46.2%). The TZ was defined as a colonic segment connecting a proximally dilated and distally non-dilated segment. Detailed pathologic analysis was performed. Results Among the 39 patients, 37 (94.9%) presented with TZ and 2 (5.1%) showed no definitive TZ. Median ganglion cell density in the TZ adjusted for the colonic circumference was significantly decreased compared to that in proximal dilated and distal non-dilated segments in TZ (+) patients (9.2 vs 254.3 and 150.5, P < 0.001). Among the TZ (+) patients, 6 showed additional pathologic findings including eosinophilic ganglionitis (n = 2), ulcers with combined cytomegalovirus infection (n = 2), diffuse ischemic changes (n = 1), and heterotropic myenteric plexus (n = 1). During follow-up (median, 61 months), 32 (82.1%) TZ (+) patients recovered without symptom recurrence after surgery. The presence of pathological features other than hypoganglionosis was an independent predictor of symptom recurrence after surgery (P = 0.046). Conclusions Hypoganglionosis can be identified in the TZ of most Korean CPO patients. Detection of other pathological features in addition to TZ-associated hypoganglionosis was associated with poor post-operative outcomes.

Deep learning-based apical lesion segmentation from panoramic radiographs

Song Il-Seok,Shin Hak-Kyun,Kang Ju-Hee,Kim Jo-Eun,Huh Kyung-Hoe,Yi Won-Jin,Lee Sam-Sun,Heo Min-Suk 대한영상치의학회 2022 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.52 No.4

Purpose: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising artificial intelligence methods in the field of medical and dental research. CNNs can provide an effective diagnostic methodology allowing for the detection of early-staged diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a deep CNN algorithm for apical lesion segmentation from panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 panoramic images showing apical lesions were separated into training (n = 800, 80%), validation (n = 100, 10%), and test (n = 100, 10%) datasets. The performance of identifying apical lesions was evaluated by calculating the precision, recall, and F1-score. Results: In the test group of 180 apical lesions, 147 lesions were segmented from panoramic radiographs with an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.3. The F1-score values, as a measure of performance, were 0.828, 0.815, and 0.742, respectively, with IoU thresholds of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. Conclusion: This study showed the potential utility of a deep learning-guided approach for the segmentation of apical lesions. The deep CNN algorithm using U-Net demonstrated considerably high performance in detecting apical lesions.