원위부 신세뇨관성 산증에서 산-염기 운반체의 결손

김혜영,한진석,이정상,김현리,김진,이중건,이서진,김근호,진호준,전은실,주권욱,나기영,정우경,오지은,엄재호,궁성수 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.5

The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the molecular defect of acid-base transporters in renal tubules is related to the functional defect of urinary acidification in distal renal tubular acidosis(RTA). We performed NH₄Cl, furosemide, or bicarbonate loading test to evaluate renal acidification function, and immunohistochemistry using antibodies to H^+ -ATPase, Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchanger(band-3 protein), and Na^+/K^+ -ATPase in kidney tissue in 6 patients with RTA and renal cell carcinoma patients as normal controls. Kidney tissue was obtained either by percutaneous needle biopsy(RTA) or nephrectomy(NC). The results were as follows; 1) In all six RTA patients, proton secretory defect of distal acidification was shown by a failure to lower the urine pH after NHC1 loading or furosemide test or abnormally low urine-blood pCO₂ difference during bicarbonate loading. In two patients with RTA, proximal acidification defect was combined, which was demonstrated by increased fractional excretion of bicarbonate. 2) In mal control, intense H^+ -ATPase and band-3 protein staining was observed in collecting ducts. 3) In distal RTA patients, H6+ -ATPase and band-3 protein staining was not demonstrable or markedly decreased in the intercalated cells of distal nephron. 4) In two patients who had both proximal and distal RTA, H^+ -ATPase staining was markedly decreased in the brush border of proximal tubules as well as the distal nephron. In conclusion, the defect of acid-base transporters in renal tubule was related with the functional defect of urinary acidification in distal RTA.

구순열과 구개열환자의 특성에 관한 분석

나후자,양은진,김선,김수일,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

The cleft lip and cleft palate has relatively high incidence among congenital anomalies. The etiological factors of these anomalies have been studied widely, but they are not yet understood perfectly. So, the authors reviewed and analyzed retrospectively 505 cases of cleft lip and cleft palate patients who were treated at the Chungnam Uiversity Hospital during the past 12 years from January 1985 to December 1996 for evaluation of etiological factors of cleft lip and palate, and the results were as follows : 1. The male was affected 1.6 times more frequently in cleft lip with palate, but the female was affected 1.8 time more frequently in cleft palate alone. 2. The incomplete cleft lip was 1.7 times higher than complete type and the ratio of left, right and bilateral was 2.1 : 1 : 0.3, and complete cleft lip with palate was 4 times higher than incomplete type and the ratio of left, right and bilateral was 1.2 : 1 : 0.9. 3. The incomplete cleft palate was 6.6 times higher than complete cleft palate. 4. There was positive family history in 11.8% of all the patients. 5. There was combined congenital anomalies with cleft lip and palate in 18.8% of all patients, and the most frequently involved anomaly was the ear anomaly. 6. U.R.I was the most frequently involved disease and herb medicine was the most frequently administered drug during the frist trimester. 7. In educational level of parents, senior high school was 66.5% of all.

결장직장암 환자의 임상적 고찰 : 조선대학교 부속병원의 10년 간의 결과

나은종,문성표,장정환,김권천,민영돈,김성환,조현진,김정용,김경종 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objectives: The colorectal cancer rates 4th in the total cancer prevalence in Korea. The clinical patient demographics were considered with the incidence rate of the colon and rectal cancer. The clinicopathological factors were analyzed for the 5 year survival rate. Materials Methods: Of the 282 patients who were operated from Jan. 1, 1992 to Dec. 31, 2001 and diagnosed by pathological biopsy as colo-rectal cancer, 234 patients were followed up. The age, sex, location of the cancer, TNM stage, operation method, histopathological classification, metastatic region, complications after operation and the survival rate were investigated. Results: Of the 234 patients, male and female consisted of 120 cases (51.3%) and 114 cases (46.7%), with an average age of 61.6 years. The average follow up period was 52.3 months and the peri operative mortality was 5.6%. The site of the cancer was most frequent at the rectum with 127 cases (54.3%). The patients were classified according to the TNM stages with 38 cases of stage 1 (16.2%), 98 cases of II (41.9%), 72 cases of III (30.8%) and 26 cases of IV (11.1%). The 5 year survival rate in the age group older than 50 was 63.3 % and 73.5% in the group younger than 50. In regard to the operation type, the 5 year survival rate was 65.4% for elective operation and 65.8% for emergency operation. The 5 year survival rate for well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated cancer, and mucinous adenocarcinoma was 73.7%, 60.2%, 58.3%, and 92.6%, respectively. The 5 year survival rate of each of the TNM stage is 81.1%, 74.8%, 57.0%, and 11.5% for Classes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Conclusion: The clinical factors were analyzed for the 5 year survival rate with no statistical significance for the age, sex, and location of the cancer. The TNM stage and histopathological differentiation were statistically significant. The colon cancer showed better prognosis compared to the rectal cancer.

외국인을 위한 한국어 교육 고급과정에서의 듣기 : 다매체 활용을 중심으로

나은진 이화어문학회 2004 이화어문논집 Vol.22 No.-

The elemrnts require(1 of aflvanced listening comprehension for systematic irnplementation are as follows. First of all, various situations and media one ran come across in real lit have to be used. One can make use of internet, flash animation, movies, music, all kinds of DVD's, VCD's, audio CD's, audio video tapes, radio broadcasting and programs. Reality based dramas and movies can provide practice of live Korean language and allows foreigners to be e%posed to various classes. Secondly, one has to make sure and understand what more advanced voabulary and grammatical elements are used under real situation and what rented. Therefore, the led has to be checked thoroughly before selection in order to make sure colloquial and literary explosions are mixed appropriately and onomatopoeic and mimetic words, and cultural symbols or knowledge, common saying, quotations from fables and folklores, and proverbs are used appropriately. Also, in order to use the materials for reading, scripts, Iyrics or transcript has to be prepared. thirdly, due to the characteristics of advanced level, introduction of rultural factors is necessary. Fourthly, colloquial topics and literary topics have to be included evenly, so that the material will allow the student compare the material to his knowledge gained by experience and context and loam and understand what he/she does not understand. Fifthly, parts that carry important infoimation and not have to be identifed and using the information heard, the students should be allowed of secondary thinking. During listening activity, vocabulary and title should be presented first, then preliminary knowledge of the outline of the whole should be presented before the student is exposed to the contents of the listening material. Then, by giving students questions for evaluation whether they have understood what they heard, the students should be made to evaluate their own listening comprehension capability. These questions fir evaluation must be made in a way so that they can epod to reading, writing, and speaking, and productive questions that allow students to answer using the inf'ormation they heard are required. When composing the questions fir evaluation, various levels of questions such as identifying truth or false, questions that require students to catch the cohen pronunciation, questions related to vocabulary, questions that ask students if they have understood at sentence level, and comprehension of the entire outline of the material have to be mixed evenly. Also, the types of questions need to be various, such as those that require simple answers, identify truth or false, multiple choice, and description. Teachers have to prepare various materials including audio tare, questions, transcript, and vocabulary list, etc. Various possibilities such as listening to contents related to the ten book or link to speaking by having discussions after listening should be taken into account.

임상적으로 유용한 분석목표(analytical goal)의 설정

강은숙,김미나,김진규,민원기 대한임상병리학회 1996 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.16 No.5

한국인 정신분열병과 HLA-DRB1 대립유전자의 관련성

황나영,김종원,오흥범,조지희,오선영,홍진표,박종익,이동은 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 유전이 정신분열병의 중요한 원인이라는 것은 널리 인정되어 왔다. 본 연구는 한국인 정신분열병과HLA-DRB1 유전자좌와의 관련성을 알아보고 외국인 대상의 보고들과 비교함으로써 한국인 정신분열병의 유전적 특성을 밝히고자 시행하였다. 방법: 정신분열병 환자 70명을 대상으로 HLA-DRB1 대립유전자를 고해상도 수준까지 분석하였다. 저해상도 수준의 HLA-DR결과는 정상 한국인 2,000명의 연구 보고와 비교하였으며 고해상도 수준의 HLA-DRB1 결과는 정상 한국인 229명의 연구 보고와 비교하였다. 결과: 저해상도 수준에서는 HLA-DR11이 정신분열병 환자군에서 9.0%, 정산인에서는 3.8%의 빈도를 보여 환자군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 빈도를 보였으며(p=0.005), 고해상도 수준에서는 HLA-DRB1*1101이 환자군에서 9.0%로 정상인의 1.8%보다 유의하게 높은 빈도를 보였다(p<0.001). 결론: 본 연구에서는 한국인 정신분열병과 HLA-DR11(HLA-DRB1*1101)이 양적 상관관계를 보여 백인에서 DR4와 부정적 상관관계를 보인 결과나 일본인에서 DR1(DRB1*0101)과 양적 상관관계를 보인 결과와 상이하였다. 이러한 한국인 정신분열병 환자의 유전적 특성은 가족연구 혹은 더 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로 한 관련연구를 통하여 재확인되어야 할 것이다. 중심단어:정신분열병·HLA-DRB1·관련연구. Objective: A genetic predisposition is widely accepted in schizophrenia. This study was intended to fine any association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with korean schizophrenics and thereby compare the results of other ethni groups. Method: The subjects were 70 unrelated Korean patients. Low and high resolution typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles were performed. The comparison groups were 2,000 unrelated healthy Koreans for low resolution HLA-DR and 229 unrelated healthy Koreans for HLA-DRB1 alleles. Results: Gene frequencies of HLA-DR11(patients 9.0%, healthy control 3.8%, p=0.005) and HLA-DRB1*1101(patients 9.0%, healthy control 1.8%, p<0.001) were significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics. Conclusion: The frequency of HLA-DR11(HLA-DRB1*1101) is significantly higher in Korean schizophrenics than in healthy Koreans. HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1, which were known to be associated with Caucasian and Japanese schizophrenics, respectively, did not show statistical association with Korean schizophrenics. This association need to be reassured though further studies with families or association study with larger numbers of subjects. KEY WORDS:Schizophrenia·HLA-DRB1·Association study.

자궁경부암 선별검진을 위한 PapSure 검사에서 Spiral Brush의 유용성에 관한 연구

송언호,김어진,명나혜,박충학 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.4

2001년 12월 1일부터 2002년 6월 30일까지 만 7개월 간 단국대학교의료원 산부인과 부인종양 Clinic에서 자궁경부암 선별검진을 위한 PapSure 검사를 시행한 환자 중 SpiraBrush Cx_® 검사를 실시한 33예를 대상으로 하여, 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 진단과 SPiraBrush Cx_®)에 의한 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 진단 및 최종적인 병리조직학적 진단을 비교, 분석하여 SpiraBrush Cx_®에 의한 세포진 검사가 생검에 의한 조직검사를 대체할만한 유용성이 있는지 그 여부를 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 환자의 연령별 분포는 21세에서 70세까지였으며 40-49세 군이 42%로 가장 많은 분포를 보였고, 평균 연령은 45.7세였다. 2. 환자의 평균 임신횟수는 3.6회였으며, 평균 출산횟수는 2.0회였다. 3. 기존의 자궁경부 세포진 검사(Conventional Papanicolaou cytology)상 진단이 음성으로 나온 경우가 19예(57.6%)였고, ASC를 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 14예(42.4%)였다. 자궁경부 형광경진 검사(Speculoscopy)에서는 음성이 13예(39.4%)였고, Suspicious 진단을 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 20예(60.6%)였다. SpiraBrush Cx®에 의한 세포진 검사(SpiraBrush Cx_® Papanicolaou cytology)에서는 진단이 음성인 경우가 8예(24.2%)였고, ASC를 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 25예(75.8%)였다. 4. 병리조직학적 검사의 진단은 음성 12예(52.2%), 저등급 편평상피내병변(Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion: 이하 LSIL이라 함) 2예(8.7%), 고등급 편평상피내병변(High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesoin: 이하 HSIL이라 함) 3예(13.0%), 편평세포암(Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 이하 SCC라 함) 6예(26.1%)였다. 5. 검사 결과의 양성판정 기준을 세포진 검사의 경우는 ASC 이상으로 하고 조직학적 검사의 경우는 LSIL이상으로 정할 경우, 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 민감도는 63.6%이고 특이도는 66.7%였으며, SpiraBrush Cx_®세포진 검사의 민감도는 90.9%이고 특이도는 33.3%였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 연구 대상의 숫자가 적어서 통계학적인 유의성은 찾을 수 없으나 SpiraBrush Cx_®가 자궁경부암 선별검진에서 생검에 의한 자궁경부의 조직학적 진단을 대체하지는 않는다고 판단된다. 그러나 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 민감도가 63.6%인데 반하여 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포진 검사의 민감도는 90.9%로 훨씬 더 높았으며 이로 인해 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포진 검사의 특이도는 33.3%로 훨씬 낮았는데 이는 매우 흥미있는 사실로서 향후 많은 Data로 더욱 연구하여 진위를 구분함이 필요하리라 사료된다. 또한 본 연구에서는 SpiraBrush Cx_® 기구의 강모들이 단단하고 날카로워서 기저막층까지의 조직과 상피층 세포들을 탈락시키면서 많은 출혈을 초래하여 슬라이드 판독에 어려움을 주었고 이는 연구 결과에 지대한 영향을 미쳤으리라고 생각되는 바, 이러한 출혈로 인한 요인을 최대한 배제하기 위하며 향후 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포를 채취한 후 최신의 자궁경부 세포진 검사법인 ThinPrep Pap Test를 이용하거나 조직표본을 만들기 위한 Cellblock 기법을 사용하여야 한다고 판단된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a new stiff bristled spiral shaped brush (SpiraBrush Cx_(??))∼in) PapSure Test for cervical cancer screening, by comparing SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnoses with conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses and final histologic diagnoses. Methods : This study was performed in Gynecologic Oncology Clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dankook University Medical Center from December I, 2001 to June 30, 2002. Thirty three cases who underwent PapSure Test (Pap cytology t Speculoscopy) were analyzed. SpiraBrush Cx_(??) Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses were compared with conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses and histologic diagnoses as a reference standard. Results : Followings are the results summarized. 1. Age distribution was between 21 and 70. The mean age was 45.7 years. 2. The mean gravidity was 3.6 and the mean parity was 2.0. 3. There were 19 (57.6%) conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses of Negative, and 14 (42.4%) of Positive including ASC. There were 13 (39.4%) Speculoscopy diagnoses of Negative, and 20 (60.6%) of Positive including Suspicious. There were 8 (24.2%) SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnoses of Negative and 25 (75.8%) of Positive including ASC. 4. There were 12 (52.2%) histologic diagnoses of Negative, 2 (8.7%) of LSIL, 3 (13.0%) of HSIL, and 6 (26.1%) of SCC, according to the criteria of TBS, 2001. 5. For detecting LSIL or worse lesions, conventional Papanicolaou cytologic test yielded sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 66.7%. On the other hand, SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic test yielded sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 33.3%. Conclusion : SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnosis does not seem to have clinical efficacy replacing the histologic diagnosis by punch biopsy in cervical cancer screening in this study. But further studies using ThinPrep Pap Test or Cellblock techniques with large data will be required and anticipated.

왕우렁이(apple snails)의 생리ㆍ생태적 특성에 관한 연구

이상범,고문환,나영은,김진호 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.1

왕우렁이가 자연상태에 전파되어 서식되는 경로는 양식장의 배수시, 홍수로 인한 노지 양식장 붕괴 및 제초용 왕우렁이 입식에 의하여 이루어지고 있다. 왕우렁이의 생리적 특성을 보면 알 크기는 2.47 ㎜, 난괴크기는 1.8×4.3×0.94 ㎝, 알무게 12.78 ㎎, 산란수 157∼784개/1마리(평균 321개/마리) 유체크기 1.69×2.15㎜, 유체 무게 3.32㎎ 최저 산란 왕우렁이 크기 2.40×2.26 ㎝ 이상, 1개알 산란소요시간 22.4초 였다. 알의 색변화는 산란직후 우유빛의 연분홍에서 중기에는 선홍색, 부화직전에는 흐린 연보라색으로 변화하면서 부화된다. 왕우렁이 섭식 대상은 벼, 논잡초, 미나리, 토마토, (양)배추, 무, 호박, 콩잎 등 대부분의 농작물을 포함한 식물체 및 동족의 왕우렁이 등 수중동물이었다. 왕우렁이 월동지역은 장항, 장성 및 해남지역으로 양지녘의 식물체 줄기나 벼 그루터기에 산란된 알과 성체 상태로 저수지나 논의 물웅덩이에서 월동고, 5월 중순이후 수로의 벽이나 식물체 줄기에 산란하며 6월과 9월에 번식이 가장 왕성하였다. 서식지 수질특성은 변이 폭이 컸으나 pH가 7.07∼9.50 범위로 알칼리성에서 주로 번성하였다. 왕우렁이에 의한 벼 가해 양상중 바 발아초기에는 왕우렁이 크기에 관계없이 모두 벼싹을 가해하였고, 벼품종과 생육시기에 따라 차이가 있으며 어린묘 일수록 가해율이 높았으며, 이앙후 45일 벼(초장 약 73 ㎝)도 각고 3.3∼3.5 ㎝ 이상의 중형 왕우렁이는 가해하였다. This experiment was carried out to obtain some information about overwintering, physiological and ecological characteristics of apple snails. Another purpose of this experiment was to characterize an appetite for rice plants by apple snails and to elucidate their choice of fresh green ones (vegetables, some other crops, weeds in rice fields). The freshwater snails were found with higher population at sites abundant organic compounds such as plant debris and at regions with high temperature. They also prefer calcium-rich water. This is a naturally occurring process. Apple snails were exceptionally well-adapted to the south regions of Korea, especially Janghang, Jangseong and Haenam, even if the temperature of winter season is cold below 0℃. Apple snails were not very selective in their food choice and eat almost everything available in their environment. A snail have something called a radula in its mouth for grinding up its food. A apple snail also chews on fruits and young succulent plant barks. In case of reproduction, apple snails deposit about 157~784 (average of 321 eggs) milky white to pale orange colored eggs above the waterline. In approximately every 22.4 seconds a new egg appears. The total time needed to deposit a egg mass varies from 58 minutes~4 hours 13 minutes. Apple snails reproduct actively from May to June and from September to October. An appetite of apple snails for rice plants was the different depending on their size and growing stage for rice plants. Apple snails had a great appetite of rice plants as well as dropwort, tomato, cabbage, radish, aquatic plants etc. They preferred to eat young rice plants and drastically quit eating rice plants of over 40 cm in height. Thus considering the food preference of apple snail for various plants including rice, they were thought to be a potentially strong predator in fields, especially, at regions with warmer winter.

가토 골막과 골막세포의 새체외 및 생체내 골형성 유도

윤택림,정은정,서형연,나수진 대한정형외과연구학회 2003 대한정형외과연구학회지 Vol.6 No.2

韓國人의 各 臟器組織中 靑酸鹽의 微量分布에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ)

張成吉,金恩浩,金英雲,李鎭勳,柳在薰,權五星,金明德,吳世珍,金由那 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-