External Threats, Internal Challenges, and State Building in East Asia

Enze Han,Cameron G. Thies 동아시아연구원 2019 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.19 No.3

This paper empirically tests bellicist theories of state building in the East Asian context, paying attention to the interplay between external threats and internal challenges and their implications for these states’ extractive power. How much variation in state building in the region can be attributed to war and war preparation as a result of both external threats and internal challenges? In particular, it provides more fine-grained analysis on the different types of internal challenges and their impact on state capacity building. The article argues that in the East Asia region, both external threats and internal challenges are crucial to explaining the variation in state capacity across the region. However, we also find that different types of internal challenges have different effects. Particularly, communist insurgencies seem to have both an immediate and long-term positive effect in compelling the state to respond with more extraction to engage in state-building efforts.

Priming of mononuclear cells with a combination of growth factors enhances wound healing <i>via</i> high angiogenic and engraftment capabilities

Jin, Enze,Kim, Jong-Min,Kim, Sung-Whan John WileySons Ltd 2013 Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol.17 No.12

<P>Recently, we demonstrated that a specific combination of growth factors enhances the survival, adhesion and angiogenic potential of mononuclear cells (MNCs). In this study, we sought to investigate the changes of the angiogenic potential of MNCs after short-time priming with a specific combination of growth factors. MNCs were isolated using density gradient centrifugation and incubated with a priming cocktail containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, FMS-like tyrosine kinase (Flt)-3L, Angiopoietin (Ang)-1, granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2 and thrombopoietin (TPO) (all 400 ng/ml) for 15, 30 and 60 min. Wounds in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immune deficiency (NOD-SCID) mice were created by skin excision followed by cell transplantation. We performed a qRT-PCR analysis on the growth factor–primed cells. The angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, FGF-2, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukin (IL)-8 and the anti-apoptotic factors IGF-1 and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly elevated in the MNCs primed for 30 min. (T30) compared with the non-primed MNCs (T0). The scratch wound assay revealed that T30- conditioned media (CM) significantly increased the rate of fibroblast-mediated wound closure compared with the rates from T0-CM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)-CM at 20 hrs. <I>In vivo</I> wound healing results revealed that the T30-treated wounds demonstrated accelerated wound healing at days 7 and 14 compared with those treated with T0. The histological analyses demonstrated that the number of engrafted cells and transdifferentiated keratinocytes in the wounds were significantly higher in the T30-transplanted group than in the T0-transplanted group. In conclusion, this study suggests that short-term priming of MNCs with growth factors might be alternative therapeutic option for cell-based therapies.</P>

럭셔리 콜라보레이션 제품에 대한 지각된 가치가 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향

범은택(ENZE FAN),이은희(EUNHEE LEE) 한국산업기술융합학회(구. 산업기술교육훈련학회) 2024 산업기술연구논문지 (JITR) Vol.29 No.1

본 연구는 최근 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있는 럭셔리 브랜드의 콜라보레이션 제품에 대해 지각된 가치가 MZ 세대소비자의 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 일련의 연구과정 이후 감성 편익의 조절 효과에 대해서도 연구하였다. 연구는 MZ세대를 표본으로 실증연구를 시행하였으며, 연구결과 럭셔리 브랜드 제품에 지각된 가치는 소비자의 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 매개효과에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로나타나 매개효과를 확인하였다. 또한 감성편익의 조절효과의 경우도 브랜드 태도나 구매 의도간의 관계에서 유의한 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타나 감성 편익은 소비자의 구매 의도를 촉진할 수 있음도 확인하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 럭셔리 브랜드 기업이 타 브랜드와의 콜라보레이션을 통해 고객의 구매 의도를 높이기 위한 전략적 방안에 대한 연구 필요하다. This study aims to investigate the effect of perceived value on the brand attitude and purchase intention of MZ generation consumers, which has recently been actively researched. After a series of research processes, the moderating effects of emotional benefits were examined. An empirical study was conducted using the MZ generation as a sample, and as a result, the perceived value of luxury brand products had a positive effect on the mediating effect on consumers' brand attitude and purchase intention, which was found to be very significant. In addition, the moderating effect of emotional benefits was found to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between brand attitude and purchase intention, confirming that emotional benefits can promote consumer purchase intention. Based on the research results, it is necessary to discuss strategic measures for luxury brand companies to increase customer purchase intentions through collaboration with other brands in the future.

<i>Cordyceps bassiana</i> inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway

Jin, Enze,Han, Seongho,Son, Mina,Kim, Sung-Whan BioMed Central 2016 Cellular & molecular biology letters Vol.21 No.-

<P><I>Cordyceps</I> belongs to a genus of acormycete fungi and is known to exhibit various pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of <I>Cordyceps</I> species on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and their underlying molecular mechanism. A cell proliferation assay showed that <I>Cordyceps bassiana</I> ethanol extract (CBEE) significantly inhibited VSMC proliferation. In addition, neointimal formation was significantly reduced by treatment with CBEE in the carotid artery of balloon-injured rats. We also investigated the effects of CBEE on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway. Western blot analysis revealed increased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in VSMCs treated with CBEE. Pretreatment with U0126 completely abrogated CBEE-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, CBEE exhibited anti-proliferative properties that affected VSMCs through the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. Our data may elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of this natural product<I>.</I></P>

Recovery of Bisphenol A by pH-Triggered Magnetic Nanoparticles

Yongsheng Jia,Enze Li,Zhiping Du,Jianfeng Li,Fangqin Cheng 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.5

Bisphenol A is not only one of the frequent contaminants of industrial wastewater, but also one of the main ingredients in polycarbonate and epoxy resins. This study synthesizes a pH-triggered Fe3O4@mSiO2@DPDES adsorbent for recycling Bisphenol A through adsorption–desorption process. Due to the strong π–π interaction between the phenyl groups in diphenyldiethoxysilane modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and Bisphenol A, absorbance reached 120.17 mg/g at pH 7, allowing the bisphenol A adsorbed to Fe3O4@mSiO2@DPDES to be trivially separated from aqueous solutions with a magnet. Desorption of the adsorbed bisphenol A in aqueous solution occurred at pH 2, allowing an impressive 95% recovery rate. The durability of the Fe3O4@mSiO2@DPDES adsorbent was tested by repeated separation of bisphenol A from an aqueous solution, with the recovery efficiency remaining greater than 85% after five cycles.

The Influence of Environment on the Settlement of Historic Buildings in China

Chengya Zhang,Yubo Gao,Enze Duan 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.6

Chinese ancient wooden buildings prefer fronting water and with hills on the back. Therefore, some ancient buildings were built on the bedrock of the mountain. The uneven height of the building platform from the bedrock causes the uneven settlement of the foundation. Due to the disturbance of groundwater, the uneven settlement of the building foundation will also change due to the groundwater. This paper takes the Song Dynasty Jinci Goddess Mother Hall as an example to compare the settlement of the original foundation and the settlement of the repaired foundation. Summarize the effect of groundwater and the bedrock location of the settlement of ancient building platforms under different strengthening methods. The Flac-3D simulation software was used to simulate the foundation and load of the building. The numerical simulation results show that the settlement value after reparation is reduced by 84% compared with that before. The values of the settlement trend are similar to actual data, which has to guide significance for the prediction of building settlement and the protection of the building. Authors can provide references for future protection and the foundation reinforcement of similar buildings by comparing the foundation reinforcement methods by actual measurement and numerical simulation.

Formation of MgCO3 3H2O in the CO2 mineralization system using Mg (OH)2 as an intermediate at 20 C

Wenting Cheng,Li Fang,Huaigang Cheng,Enze Li,Cuiyu Zhang,Fangqin Cheng 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.76 No.-

The formation of MgCO3 3H2O in the CO2 mineralization system was investigated using Mg(OH)2 as anintermediate at 20 C. Liquid and solid analyses were done for qualitative and quantitative compositioncharacterizations of the reacted samples. Results showed that the morphology of Mg(OH)2 had anobvious effect on the growth rate, size and morphology of MgCO3 3H2O. The formation of MgCO3 3H2Omight be explained by the dissolution–recrystallization mechanism. Larger bundle-like MgCO3 3H2Owhich composed of middle-binding rod crystals was obtained from the plate-like Mg(OH)2. Thesefindings could pave the way for controllable crystallization of MgCO3 3H2O in a CO2 mineralizationsystem.

Effect of ciglitazone on adipogenic transdifferentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells

( Junfang Zhang ),( Qiang Li ),( Yan Yan ),( Bin Sun ),( Ying Wang ),( Lin Tang ),( Enze Wang ),( Jia Yu ),( Kim Margarette Corpuz Nogoy ),( Xiangzi Li ),( Seong-Ho Choi ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.4

Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 μM ciglitazone (CL), 10 μM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 μM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.

A Na-Rich Nanocomposite of Na1.83Ni0.12Mn0.88Fe (CN)6/RGO as Cathode for Superior Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Shimeng Yu,Danting Li,Yan Zhang,Hui Wang,Junjie Quan,Enze Xu,YANG JIANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.6

Prussian blue analogs are receiving intense attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost, but their real applications are still hampered by poor electronic conductivity and cycling stability. Here, Na1.83Ni0.12Mn0.88Fe(CN)6 wrapped with graphene was synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method. The existence of RGO not only significantly increases the conductivity of the cathode, but also makes the framework much more robust during long cycling process. As the cathode, the Na1.83Ni0.12Mn0.88Fe(CN)6/RGO is able to deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 120mAh g-1 at a current density of 20mA g-1 with superior capacity retention of 96.7% after 100 cycles. Even at a current density of 1000mA g-1, the cell still delivers a capacity of 86mAh g-1, indicating outstanding rate capability. The results and the facile synthesis method enable Na1.83Ni0.12Mn0.88Fe(CN)6/RGO to the competitive for a future energy storage system.

Comparison of Three Tests to Distinguish Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Renal Impairment during Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

Guo, Long Zhe,Kim, Moo Hyun,Kim, Tae Hyung,Park, Jong Seong,Jin, Enze,Shim, Chang Heon,Choi, Sun Young,Serebruany, Victor L. S. Karger AG 2016 Nephron Vol.132 No.3

<P>Background: Clopidogrel and aspirin combination remains a cornerstone for modern dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following coronary stenting. Although monitoring is not currently recommended, certain high-risk cohorts may benefit from tailoring antiplatelet options to reduce thrombotic or/and hemorrhagic risks. Patients with diminished estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are prone to both vascular occlusions and bleeding events in whom monitoring may be especially advantageous. We compared the residual platelet reactivity assessed by 3 conventional tests during the maintenance antiplatelet therapy dependent on eGFR. Methods: Post-stenting patients (n = 701) receiving aspirin 100 mg/ daily and clopidogrel 75 mg/daily were prospectively enrolled in the cross-sectional single-center study. Patients were dichotomized into 5 groups: eGFR >90, 60-89, 30-59, <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2), and dialysis. Platelet reactivity by VerifyNow (TM), light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), and Multiplate analyzer by multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEA) assays together with eGFR calculations were done simultaneously at 1 month after coronary stenting. Results: VerifyNow assay distinguished residual platelet reactivity dependent on eGFR deterioration (191 +/- 72 vs. 216 +/- 78 vs. 248 +/- 80 vs. 264 +/- 70 vs. 317 +/- 96 PRU; p < 0.001). In contrast, LTA (34.3 +/- 18.1 vs. 34.7 +/- 18.1 vs. 38.0 +/- 16.6 vs. 33.0 +/- 17.3 vs. 34.1 +/- 29.3%; p = 0.242), or MEA (37.2 +/- 19.6 vs. 33.8 +/- 18.4 vs. 38.6 +/- 21.4 vs. 36.5 +/- 20.5 vs. 38.3 +/- 28.3 AU/min; p = 0.086) failed to triage platelet reactivity in renal patients. Agreement among assays to identify patients with impaired platelet reactivity and eGFR during antiplatelet therapy was low. The multivariable regression analyses confirmed the VerifyNow advantage, since the differences in the platelet reactivity were highly significant for all renal impairment (RI) groups. In contrast, LTA did not distinguish RI patients, and for the MEA, only RI5 (dialysis) cohort exhibit borderline significant decline of residual platelet reactivity. Conclusion: Among 3 assays, VerifyNow was capable to reliably triage residual platelet reactivity in post-stenting DAPT patients dependent on the gradual decline of eGFR during therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin. These data should be confirmed in a large validation longitudinal trial, and may justify future platelet activity monitoring for potential regimen/dose adjustment in high-risk patients. The clinical implications of these data are still unclear, but may give an indication as to whether or when DAPT dose adjustment will become a reality. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>