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연산자 조작 공격과 피연산자 조작 공격에 대한 기존 CRT-RSA Scheme의 안전성 분석
허순행(Soonhaeng Hur),이형섭(Hyungsub Lee),이현승(Hyunseung Rhee),최동현(Donghyun Choi),원동호(Dongho Won),김승주(Seungjoo Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2009 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.19 No.6
CRT-RSA의 사용이 대중화됨에 따라, CRT-RSA에 대한 보안 또한 중요 이슈가 되었다. 1996년, Bellcore 연구원들에 의해 CRT-RSA가 오류 주입 공격에 취약하다고 밝혀진 이래로, 많은 대응책들이 제안되었다. 첫 번째 대응책은 1999년 Shamir에 의해 제안되었으며, Shamir의 대응책은 오류 검사 기법에 기반을 두고 있다. Shamir의 대응책이 소개된 이후, 오류 검사 기법을 사용하는 많은 대응책들이 제안되었다. 그러나 Shamir의 대응책은 2001년 Joey 등에 의하여 피연산자 조작 공격에 취약함이 밝혀졌으며, 오류 검사 기법 또한 2003년 Yen 등에 의하여 연산자 조작 공격에 취약하다고 알려졌다. 이에 Yen 등은 오류 검사 기법을 사용하지 않고 오류 확산 기법을 사용하여 새로운 대응책을 제안하였으나, Yen 등이 제안한 대응책 또한 2007년에 Yen과 Kim에 의하여 안전하지 않음이 밝혀졌다. 최근에는 Kim 등이 Yen 등의 대응책을 보완한 새로운 대응책을 제안하였으며, Ha 등 또한 오류 확산 기법을 사용한 대응책을 제안하였다. 그러나 Kim 등과 Ha 등이 제안한 대응책들을 포함한 기존 대응책들은 연산자 조작 공격에 대해서는 안전성이 증명되지 않았기 때문에 본 논문에서는 피연산자 조작 공격은 물론, 연산자 조작 공격도 고려하여 지금까지 제안된 대응책들의 안전성을 분석할 것이다. As the use of RSA based on chinese remainder theorem(CRT-RSA) is being generalized, the security of CRT-RSA has been important. Since Bellcore researchers introduced the fault attacks on CRT-RSA, various countermeasures have been proposed. In 1999, Shamir firstly proposed a countermeasure using checking procedure. After Shamir's countermeasure was introduced, various countermeasures based on checking procedure have been proposed. However, Shamir's countermeasure was known to be vulnerable to the modified operand attack by Joey et al. in 2001, and the checking procedure was known to be vulnerable to the modified opcode attack by Yen et al. in 2003. Yen et al. proposed a new countermeasure without checking procedure, but their countermeasure was known to be also vulnerable to the modified operand attack by Yen and Kim in 2007. In this paper, we point out that pre, but countermeasures were vulnerable to the modified operand attack or the modified opcode attack.
Kim, Sungchul,Lee, Sanghyun,Shin, Jinwook,Kim, Youngkyun,Evnouchidou, Irini,Kim, Donghyun,Kim, Young-Kook,Kim, Young-Eui,Ahn, Jin-Hyun,Riddell, Stanley R,Stratikos, Efstratios,Kim, V Narry,Ahn, Kwangs Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.12 No.10
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present peptides on the cell surface to CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, which is critical for the killing of virus-infected or transformed cells. Precursors of MHC class I??presented peptides are trimmed to mature epitopes by the aminopeptidase ERAP1. The US2??US11 genomic region of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is dispensable for viral replication and encodes three microRNAs (miRNAs). We show here that HCMV miR-US4-1 specifically downregulated ERAP1 expression during viral infection. Accordingly, the trimming of HCMV-derived peptides was inhibited, which led to less susceptibility of infected cells to HCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Our findings identify a previously unknown viral miRNA??based CTL-evasion mechanism that targets a key step in the MHC class I antigen-processing pathway.
DongHyun Kim,SunIl Kim,Mookeun Song,JunHyun Kim,MinGyu Choi,DoYeong Mun,DaeWon Cho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2
As the decommissioning of domestic nuclear power plants (Gori Unit 1 and Wolseong Unit 1) becomes more visible, many research projects are being conducted to safely and economically decommissioning of domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs). After permanent shutdown, decommissioning of NNPs proceeds through decontamination, cutting of main equipment, waste disposal and site restoration stages. And various technologies are applied at each stage. In particular, remote cutting of neutron induced structures (RV, RVI, etc.) is a technology used in developed countries in the cutting stage, and remote cutting has been evaluated as a core technology for minimizing workers’ radiation exposure. Generally, remote cutting technologies are divided into mechanical/thermal/electrical cutting. Among various thermal cutting technologies, plasma arc cutting (PAC) is more economical and easily to remote control than other cutting technologies, and is also effective in cutting STS304 plates. PAC is a thermal cutting technology that melts the base material at the cutting area with a plasma arc heat source and removes melted material by blowing it out with cutting gas. The cutting quality depends on the stand-off distance and power (current), material thickness, cutting speed, etc., while double arcing will occur if the cutting conditions are not suitable. A monitoring system that can confirm double arcing during remote cutting is necessary because double arcing can reduce cutting quality, increase secondary waste (increase kerf and aerosol), and cause non-cutting. In this study, we used an ultrahigh-speed camera equipped with a band-pass filter to capture clear arc shapes, and measured voltage waveforms with a data acquisition system. We studied a monitoring method that can confirm the occurrence of double arcing by synchronizing the obtained arc shape and voltage waveform, and the effects of double arcing on the STS304 plates. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the development of the remote cutting process using plasma arc cutting when decommissioning of domestic NPPs.
81.6 GOPS Object Recognition Processor Based on a Memory-Centric NoC
Donghyun Kim,Kwanho Kim,Joo-Young Kim,Seungjin Lee,Se-Joong Lee,Hoi-Jun Yoo IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.17 No.3
<P>For mobile intelligent robot applications, an 81.6 GOPS object recognition processor is implemented. Based on an analysis of the target application, the chip architecture and hardware features are decided. The proposed processor aims to support both task-level and data-level parallelism. Ten processing elements are integrated for the task-level parallelism and single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction is added to exploit the data-level parallelism. The memory-centric network-on-chip (NoC) is proposed to support efficient pipelined task execution using the ten processing elements. It also provides coherence and consistency schemes tailored for 1-to-N and M-to-1 data transactions in a task-level pipeline. For further performance gain, the visual image processing memory is also implemented. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology and computes the key-point localization stage of the SIFT object recognition twice faster than the 2.3 GHz Core 2 Duo processor.</P>
Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) Gallate
Kim, Eunji,Han, Sang Yun,Hwang, Kyeonghwan,Kim, Donghyun,Kim, Eun-Mi,Hossain, Mohammad Amjad,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Cho, Jae Youl MDPI AG 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.20 No.16
<P>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from diverse cellular processes or external sources such as chemicals, pollutants, or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Accumulation of radicals causes cell damage that can result in degenerative diseases. Antioxidants remove radicals by eliminating unpaired electrons from other molecules. In skin health, antioxidants are essential to protect cells from the environment and prevent skin aging. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate (3″Me-EGCG) has been found in limited oolong teas or green teas with distinctive methylated form, but its precise activities have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the antioxidant roles of 3″Me-EGCG in keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). 3″Me-EGCG showed scavenging effects in cell and cell-free systems. Under H2O2 exposure, 3″Me-EGCG recovered cell viability and increased the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Under ultraviolet B (UVB) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) exposure, 3″Me-EGCG protected keratinocytes and regulated the survival protein AKT1. By regulating the AKT1/NF-κB pathway, 3″Me-EGCG augmented cell survival and proliferation in HaCaT cells. These results indicate that 3″Me-EGCG exhibits antioxidant properties, resulting in cytoprotection against various external stimuli. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 3″Me-EGCG can be used as an ingredient of cosmetic products or health supplements.</P>
Kim, Eunji,Kang, Young-Gyu,Kim, Ji Hye,Kim, Yong-Jin,Lee, Tae Ryong,Lee, Jongsung,Kim, Donghyun,Cho, Jae Youl MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.7
<P>8-Hydroxydaidzein (8-HD) is a daidzein metabolite isolated from soybeans. This compound has been studied for its anti-proliferation, depigmentation, and antioxidant activities. However, the anti-inflammatory activities of 8-HD are not well-understood. Through its antioxidant effects in ABTS and DPPH assays, 8-HD reduces the production of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced radical oxygen species (ROS). By triggering various Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 8-HD suppresses the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) without cytotoxicity. We examined the regulatory mechanism of 8-HD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced conditions. We found that 8-HD diminishes inflammatory gene expression (e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) by regulating the transcriptional activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1). To find the potential targets of 8-HD, signaling pathways were investigated by immunoblotting analyses. These analyses revealed that 8-HD inhibits the activation of TAK1 and that phosphorylated levels of downstream molecules decrease in sequence. Together, our results demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of 8-HD and suggest its potential use in cosmetics or anti-inflammatory drugs.</P>