Evaluation of subchronic oral dose toxicity and allergen of freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a novel food source

Kim Sun Young,Kwak Kyu-Won,Park Ji Yeong,Park Eun-Sung,Nam Chun-Ja,An Kyu Sup,Kim Hyun-Jin,Yoon Hyung Joo,Kim Yong-Soon,Park Kwanho,Kim Eunsun,Ryu Hyeon Yeol,Kim Sun-Don 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.2

The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a well-known edible insect which may serve as new source of human food and animal feed. However, potential toxicity and food safety of L. migratoria had not been investigated extensively until now. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate toxicity of freeze-dried powder of L. migratoria (fdLM) and identify allergic components in ELISA and PCR techniques. In this subchronic study, fdLM was administered once daily by oral gavage at the doses of 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg/day. No toxicological changes were observed in both sexes of rats for 13 weeks in accordance with the OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. In addition, fdLM did not induced increases of serum immunoglobulin E and 21 homologous proteins were not detected under our present conditions. In conclusion, the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) was 3000 mg/kg/day and no target organ was identified in both sexes. In conclusion, we found that fdLM is safe with no adverse effects and offers the potential of its use as an edible ingredient or other biological uses.

A 125 GOPS 583 mW Network-on-Chip Based Parallel Processor With Bio-Inspired Visual Attention Engine

Kim, Kwanho,Lee, Seungjin,Kim, Joo-Young,Kim, Minsu,Yoo, Hoi-Jun IEEE 2009 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.44 No.1

<P> A network-on-chip (NoC) based parallel processor is presented for bio-inspired real-time object recognition with visual attention algorithm. It contains an ARM10-compatible 32-bit main processor, 8 single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) clusters with 8 processing elements in each cluster, a cellular neural network based visual attention engine (VAE), a matching accelerator, and a DMA-like external interface. The VAE with 2-D shift register array finds salient objects on the entire image rapidly. Then, the parallel processor performs further detailed image processing within only the pre-selected attention regions. The low-latency NoC employs dual channel, adaptive switching and packet-based power management, providing 76.8 GB/s aggregated bandwidth. The 36 <TEX Notation='TeX'><TEX>${\hbox{mm}}^{2}$</TEX></TEX> chip contains 1.9 M gates and 226 kB SRAM in a 0.13 <TEX Notation='TeX'><TEX>$\mu\hbox{m}$</TEX></TEX> 8-metal CMOS technology. The fabricated chip achieves a peak performance of 125 GOPS and 22 frames/sec object recognition while dissipating 583 mW at 1.2 V. </P>

A Configurable Heterogeneous Multicore Architecture With Cellular Neural Network for Real-Time Object Recognition

Kwanho Kim,Seungjin Lee,Joo-Young Kim,Minsu Kim,Hoi-Jun Yoo IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for vide Vol.19 No.11

<P>As object recognition requires huge computation power to deal with complex image processing tasks, it is very challenging to meet real-time processing demands under low-power constraints for embedded systems. In this paper, a configurable heterogeneous multicore architecture with a dual-mode linear processor array and a cellular neural network on the network-on-chip platform is presented for real-time object recognition. The bio-inspired attention-based object recognition algorithm is devised to reduce computational complexity of the object recognition. The cellular neural network is utilized to accelerate the visual attention algorithm for selecting salient image regions rapidly. The dual-mode parallel processor is configured into single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) or multiple-instruction-multiple-data modes to perform data-intensive image processing operations while exploiting pixel-level and feature-level parallelisms required for the attention-based object recognition. The algorithm's hybrid parallelization strategy on the proposed architecture is adopted to obtain maximum performance improvement. The performance analysis results, using a cycle-accurate architecture simulator, show that the proposed architecture achieves a speedup of 2.8 times for the target algorithm over conventional massively parallel SIMD architecture at low hardware cost overhead. A prototype chip of the proposed architecture, fabricated in 0.13 mum complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, achieves 22 frames/s real-time object recognition with less than 600 mW power consumption.</P>

The effect of temperature on outbreak of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus(OrNV) in korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma

Eunsun Kim,Kyu-Won Kwak,Nang-Hee Kim,Myung-Ha Song,Gahyun Lee,Sun Young Kim,Kwanho Park,Ho-jong Ju,Young-Soon Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.05

Safety assessment of freeze-dried skim powder Zophobas atratus larvae (super mealworm), a novel food source: Evaluation of 13-weeks toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats

Sun Young Kim,Kyu-Won Kwak,Kyu Sup An,Yong-Soon Kim,Hyung Joo Yoon,Kwanho Park,Eunsun Kim,Myung-Ha Song,Nang Hee Kim,Hyeon Yeol Ryu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.05

기주식물별 풀무치의 영양성분 및 유해물질 비교분석

김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ),곽규원 ( Kyu-won Kwak ),김은선 ( Eunsun Kim ),박관호 ( Kwanho Park ),김낭희 ( Nang Hee Kim ),송명하 ( Myung-ha Song ),김용순 ( Yong-soon Kim ),윤형주 ( Hyung Joo Yoon ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.3

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the nutritional composition of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) changes nutrients depending on the host plants. In this study, to confirm whether Locusta migratoria is an edible insect, the nutrients and harmful substances such as heavy metals and pathogens were analyzed and compared according to corn (LC) or wheat (LW) as host plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: All experimental methods mainly referred to AOAC (2004). The content of crude protein per dry weight was 77.3% in (LW), 1.1 times higher than 69.8% in LC. Crude fat was 6.5% in LW, 2.2 times less than LC 14.3%. Alpha-linolenic acid, which has the highest content among unsaturated fatty acids, was 1.2 times higher in LC (39.9%) than LW (32.5%). As a result of analysis of harmful substances by LC and LW, lead and cadmium among heavy metals were at levels suitable for heavy metal standards of edible insects, and arsenic was not detected in both groups. E. coli and Salmonella spp. were not detected in both groups. CONCLUSION: When comparing the overall nutrients composition of LW and LC, it was confirmed nutrients are different depending on the host plants, and the safety was proved.

새로운 식품원료인 아메리카왕거저리 유충 탈지분말의 In Vivo 독성시험

김선영(Sun Young Kim),곽규원(Kyu-Won Kwak),강건(Gun Kang),오윤식(Yun-Shik Oh),윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon),김용순(Yong-Soon Kim),박관호(Kwanho Park),김은선(Eunsun Kim),김선돈(Sun-Don Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.5

딱정벌레목 거저리과 곤충으로 국내외에서 식용 또는 동물사료용으로 이용되고 있는 슈퍼 밀웜(super mealworm) 탈지분말에 대한 설치류 및 비설치류를 이용한 경구독성시험에서 시험물질 frpfdZAL에 의한 독성학적 변화를 관찰하지 못했다. 특히, Hartley계 기니피그를 이용한 피부감작성 시험에서 피부를 통한 생체 내 흡수에 따른 면역기계의 이상을 확인하지 못했다. 따라서 아메리카왕거저리 유충 탈지분말은 동물을 이용한 비임상시험에서 독성학적 변화가 없는 안전한 시험물질로 판단되며 본 연구 결과는 다른 식품원료 등에 적용 및 응용 가능한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the giant mealworm beetle, has been recognized as an edible insect with a high protein content for new human food source and animal feed. On the other hand, the potential toxicity and food safety of Z. atratus is not well understood. Therefore, this study evaluated the toxicity of freeze-dried skimmed powder of Z. atratus larvae (frpfdZAL), known as the super mealworm, using different model approaches, including acute oral toxicity studies in SD rats and Beagle dogs and skin sensitization in Hartley guinea pigs (Buehler’s method) in accordance with the OECD guidelines and the principles of Good Laboratory Practice. No toxicological changes were observed in the clinical signs, body weights, and gross findings in acute single-dose administration in SD rats and Beagle dogs. In addition, skin sensitization rate was 0%, and its sensitization potential was classified as grade I (very weak) using Buehler’s method. In conclusion, frpfdZAL is safe with no adverse effects and can be applied as an edible ingredient for animal feed or used for other biological purposes.

한국은행의 역할과 정책수단: 금융안정정책을 중심으로

김인준 ( In June Kim ),김성현 ( Sunghyun Kim ),김소영 ( Soyoung Kim ),김진일 ( Jinill Kim ),신관호 ( Kwanho Shin ) 한국금융연구원 2017 韓國經濟의 分析 Vol.23 No.1

글로벌 금융위기 이후 전 세계적으로 나타나고 있는 저성장, 저물가, 금융불안의 시대를 맞아 기존의 물가안정이나 고용안정 외에 금융안정화가 중앙은행의 중요 목표로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 금융안정화를 위해 한국은행이 맡아야 하는 바람직한 역할이 무엇이며 중장기적으로 한국은행이 금융안정화를 위한 거시건전성 정책을 펼치는 데 있어 어떠한 변화가 필요한지에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구는 한국은행이 신축적 물가상승률 목표제를 그대로 유지하면서 단기적으로 실물경기안정을 동시에 추구하기를 권고한다. 동시에 동 운영체제만으로 한국은행의 새로운 목표인 금융안정을 달성하기는 현실적으로 어렵다고 판단한다. 이번 글로벌 금융위기를 통해 얻은 교훈 중 하나는 전통적으로 가장 중요하게 여겨졌던 두 부문의 안정화, 즉 실물경기의 안정화와 물가의 안정화가 동시에 달성되더라도 금융부문의 불안정성이 커질 수 있고, 결국 금융불안이 증폭되면 일시에 실물과 물가도 불안정해질 수 있다는 사실이다. 따라서 금융불안이 너무 커지기 전에 사전적으로 이에 대응할 필요가 있다. 하지만 통화정책만으로 물가 및 실물 안정을 추구하면서 금융안정까지 추구하는 것에는 상당한 어려움이 따른다. 틴버겐의 법칙에 따르면 여러 목표를 달성하기 위해선 동일한 수의 수단이 필요하다. 경제전체의 금융불안에 사전적으로 대응할 수 있는 수단을 거시건전성 정책수단이라고 한다. 글로벌 금융위기 이후 2011년 새롭게 개정된 한은법에는 금융안정이 한국은행의 새로운 목표로 명시되었지만 이에 대응할 수 있는 수단의 확충에는 소홀히 하였다. 따라서 한국은행이 물가상승률 목표제와 금융안정을 동시에 달성하기 위해선 거시건전성 정책 수단의 확충이 필수적이다. 이를 위해 가장 손쉽게 시도해 볼 수 있는 방안은 금융위원회의 설치 등에 관한 법률을 개정하여 한국은행이 거시건전성 정책 운영에 참여하도록 하는 것이다. 즉 “금융위원회는 중요한 거시건전성정책을 결정할 때 이를 한국은행과 반드시 협의한 후 금융위원회에 부의해야 한다”라고 명시하는 것이다. 동시에 거시건전성정책에 대한 한국은행의 책임도 명시화할 필요가 있다. 보다 장기적인 관점에서 근본적으로 거시건전성 정책체계를 바꿀 수 있다는 가정을 염두에 두고 새로운 시스템을 설계하자면 다음의 세 가지 방안을 생각해 볼 수 있다. [방안 1]은 시스템 위기를 전담하는 금융안정위원회(가칭)를 상설기구로 신설하고 동 위원회에서 거시건전성 정책을 의결하도록 하는 것이다. [방안 2]는 거시건전성 정책의 주체로 한국은행을 지정하는 것이다. [방안 3]은 금융감독체계를 전면 개편하여, 한국은행으로 하여금 거시건전성 정책을 포함한 금융 건전성감독 전반을 책임지게 하는 것이다. 영국은 금융위기 이후 법체계를 정비하여 이러한 방안을 채택하였다. 하지만 [방안 3]을 채택하기 위해서는 전면적인 금융감독체계의 개편을 필요로 한다는 점에서 현실적으로 한계가 있다. Under the current economic environment characterized by slow growth, low inflation and financial instability, ojectives of central bank have expanded to include financial stability in addition to the traditional objectives of price and employment stability. This paper studies what the proper role of the Bank of Korea (BOK) should be in conducting macroprudential policy to enhance financial stability. This paper proposes that BOK should attempt to stabilize output while maintaining the flexible inflation targeting policy. The global financial crisis shows that price and output stability does not gaurantee financial stability and that financial instability can adversely affect price and output stability in turn. Therefore, the central bank should actively engage in achieving financial stability in advance. Monetary policy itself would not be sufficient to achieve financial stability. BOK needs proper tools to conduct macroprudential policy to satisfy the objective of financial stability added to the BOK Bylaws in 2011. One practical way is to amend the Bylaws to require that the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) should consult with BOK in macroprudential policy making process. At the same time, it is necessary to be explicit about the responsibility of BOK. For long-term solution, we suggest three proposals: (1) establishing the “Committee for Financial Stability” who is responsible for all policy making regarding macroprudential policy; (2) designating BOK as the main institution for macroprudential policy; (3) making BOK responsible for all policies regarding financial stability, replacing the role of FSC, following the case of U.K. in the post global financial crisis period. However, the last proposal is not so easy to implement in practice because it requires the overhaul of the whole banking and financial supervisory structure.

An artificial diet for the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus

Kim, Seonghyun,Hong, Seongjin,Park, Haechul,Lee, Youngbo,Park, Kwanho,Choi, Wonho,Kim, Namjung Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2014 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.28 No.1

The effect of an artificial diet on developmental rate, a life history parameter, was examined for the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. Artificial insect diets are an essential component of many insect rearing systems that produce insects for research purposes. Complex agar-gelled diets are generally prepared in large batches and used shortly after preparation because the degradation of perishable diet ingredients, such as vitamins and fatty acids, can adversely affect insect quality (Brewer 1984). However, the timing of diet preparation may be inconvenient, and large batches wasteful, if the unused excess is discarded. The percentage of pupation varied considerably, with no significant differences among diets, on which a maximum pupation percentage of 83% was observed. Pellet-type diets were investigated with the aim of developing a more easily prepared diet. The extrusion of the artificial diet under high temperature and pressure may induce desirable chemical and physical changes in the extruded product. The purpose of the present study was to develop an artificial diet for rearing P. xuthus.

Pharmacogenetic Regulation of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Drosophila Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of AChE Inhibitors in Synaptic Plasticity

Kim, Wontae,Lee, Daeweon,Choi, Jinkyu,Kim, Ayoung,Han, Sangmi,Park, Kwanho,Choi, Jiyoung,Kim, Jonggil,Choi, Youngcheol,Lee, Si Hyeock,Koh, Young Ho Springer-Verlag 2011 Neurochem Res Vol.36 No.5