The Relationship Between Business Resources, Outside Cooperation, Dynamic Capability, and Performance of Startup Enterprises

Dong Van VU1,Tai Van PHAM2,Ghi Nha TRAN3,Anh Phuong Thi NGUYEN4,Cong Van NGUYEN5 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

This study seeks to examine the relationship between business resources (through VRIN: Valuable - valuable, Rare - scarce; Inimitable - difficult to adapt, Irreplaceable - hard to replace), dynamic capability, external cooperation, and efficiency of startups operating in the seafood export sector. Research data was collected randomly and conveniently from 250 enterprises in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam, from October 2020 to December 2020. After excluding those ineligible, the remaining 204 enterprises meet the research conditions. With the support of SPSS-AMOS 22 dedicated software, using the 5-step Likert scale and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study conducted analysis steps such as verifying convergence, discriminant value, unidirectional and scale reliability when giving the components correlated freely in the critical model by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis. Results of the study have shown that the enterprise resource factor - VRIN has a positive impact on dynamic capability, and outside cooperation. However, in contrast to previous studies, we found that the relationship between enterprise resources - VRIN and performance as well as the relationship between dynamics capacity and performance is not clear. This shows that seafood exporters need to promote, exploit and effectively use this precious resource to improve business efficiency.

Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles by Reduction-Oxidation Reaction of HAuCl4

우엔 테 쭝,김동주,김교선 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.B

We prepared gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by reduction-oxidation reaction between HAuCl4 and trisodium citrate and measured the size and morphology of Au NPs by TEM for various molar ratios of HAuCl4 to citrate and for various concentrations of HAuCl4. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical properties of Au NPs. Au NPs in the size range from 14.3 nm to 20.3 nm were prepared with monodisperse distribution.

Composites derived from synthetic clay and carbon sphere: Preparation, characterization, and application for dye decontamination

Nguyen Duy Dat,Ton That Loc,Mai Thuan Trieu,Dong Thanh Nguyen,Khuong Quoc Nguyen,My Linh Nguyen,Anh Duy Duong Le,Hai Nguyen Tran 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.4

Two new composites from synthetic clay-like materials and carbon spheres were developed. Layered doubledhydroxides (LDH) were synthesized from the coprecipitation of Mg2+ and Al3+ ions. Spherical hydrochar (SH) wasprepared from pure glucose through hydrothermal carbonization at 190 oC. The composite LDH–SH was synthesizedthrough a simple hydrothermal method of the mixture of LDH and SH. Another composite, LDO-SB, was directly preparedthrough the carbonization of LDH-SH at 500 oC. Under such high temperature, LDH was converted to layereddoubled oxides (LDO), and SH was transferred to spherical biochar (SB). Those materials were characterized by chemicalstability, surface morphology and element composition, crystal structure, surface functional group, and texturalcharacteristic. They were applied for removing cationic dye (methylene blue; MB) and anionic dye (Congo red; CR)under different pH solutions. Three adsorption components—kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics—were conductedunder batch experimenters. Results demonstrated that the LDH or LDO particles were assembled on the surfaceof SH or SB, respectively. The surface area, total pore volume, and average pore width of LDH–SH and LDO-SBwere 58.5 and 198m2/g, 0.319 and 0.440 cm3/g, and 21.8 and 8.89 nm, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacityof the materials, calculated from the Langmuir model, at 30 oC for CR and MB dyes was 1589 and 78.6mg/g (LDOSB)and 499 and 226mg/g (LDH-SH), respectively. The composites exhibited a higher affinity to anionic than cationicdyes, which resulted from the great contribution of the clay-like materials. Therefore, they can serve as a promisingcomposite for the decolorization of wastewater.

A two-step design of experiments approach to investigate the simultaneous effects of ion-pairing and chemical enhancers to improve the permeability of lornoxicam in a topical hydrogel patch

Nguyen Huu-Manh,Duong The-Khang,Nguyen Van-Khuyen,Nguyen Thi-Khanh-Ly,Dong Thi-Hoang-Yen,Nguyen Canh-Hung,Tung Nguyen-Thach 한국약제학회 2024 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.54 No.2

Purpose A two-step experimental design was used to develop a lornoxicam (LOR)-loaded topical hydrogel patch. We specifically focused on the simultaneous effect of the ion pair formation agent (triethanolamine [TEA]) and the chemical enhancer (cremophor RH40 [RH40]) on flux and conducted physicochemical studies and skin physiology assessments to obtain further information. Methods Drug-in-adhesive patches were fabricated using a micrometer-adjustable film applicator. The applied Design of Experiments (DoE) approach consisted of the Fractional Factorial Resolution V + design and the Central Composite Face design established by the MODDE® 12.0 software. Molecular-level drug-excipient interactions were investigated using infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The effects on skin physiological function was assessed using DermaLab Combo. Results DoE results revealed that TEA enhanced flux by 3.14-fold, whereas RH40 reduced it by 4.62-fold. The addition of RH40 resulted in the disappearance of the proton peak within the region of 12–13 ppm, suggesting competition for hydrogen bonding with LOR between TEA and RH40. The optimized formulation (4% TEA, 0% RH40, and 0.2% Al(OH)3) increased skin hydration by 6.20-fold. Opposing effects of TEA and RH40 on skin elasticity were observed. Conclusion Expected flux and adhesion strength for the optimized formulation were 7.18 μg·cm–2·h–1 and 11.79 mJ, respectively. Our understanding of the conflicting effects of TEA and RH40 has been advanced. The integrated use of the two-step DoE, physicochemical studies, and skin physiology assessments was proven to be effective in elucidating the simultaneous effects of different permeation-modifying strategies on patches, thus having substantial value for the successful execution of future research endeavors.

Some Features of The "Vietnamization" of Confucianism in The History of Vietnam

( Nguyen Tai Dong ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2015 儒學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

본 논문에서는 베트남유학에 담겨 있는 특별한 요소들을 살펴본다. 유학은 본래 베트남고유의 사상체계는 아니다. 그러나 유학은 2000년 동안 베트남의 민족사상 체계 속에 점진적으로 뿌리를 내렸으며 베트남의 발전과 함께 하였다. 이로써 유학은 마침내 베트남문화 발전에 기여를 하게 되어 베트남 유교가 되었다. 유학의 베트남화 과정은 오랜 시간동안 계속 전개되었다. 베트남 학자들 역시 중국유학의 개념들을 사용하였는 바, 대체로 송나라 유학의 개념을 사용하였다. 그러나 베트남 학자들은 중국유학의 몇 가지 특수한 개념들만을 취사선택하고 그것을 핵심으로 가져와 중국유학의 개념체계와는 다른 유학체계를 만들었다. 또한 베트남 유학과 중국 유학을 비교해 볼 때, 이러한 유학의 개념들에 대해 해석하는 방법이 다르다. 유학의 베트남화 과정에 있어서의 주요한 특징들은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. (1) 외래 사상과 문화는 베트남의 실제적 상황 아래 베트남 민족의 질문에 대답을 해야만 존재하고 발전할 수 있다. (2) 베트남 사람들은 외래문화를 수입하였지만 여전히 베트남문화의 본질을 지켰다. (3) 인문주의와 인간존중이 발휘되는 바탕 위에서 ‘베트남화’가 실현될 수 있다. (4) 베트남화 과정은 실용주의적인 성격을 지닌다. 어떠한 이론이든 간에 실천을 함께 수반하는 경향이 있다. (5) 베트남화 과정은 개방성과 문화적 다원성과 사상의 독선을 거부하는 경향을 바탕으로 전개된다. (6) 외래 사상과 문화를 수용할 때 베트남 사람들은 극단적이지 않고 비판적 정신을 견지한다. In this paper, the author considers some distinguished features of Vietnamese Confucianism. Confucianism was originally not an indigenous theoretical system in Vietnam, but in about 2000 years of introducing and developing in this country, it has gradually taken root into Vietnamese theoretical tradition and made an important contribution to its florescence. The process of ‘Vietnamization of the Confucianism’ took place during that long time. Vietnamese scholars also used original Confucian concepts and ideas, mainly the Neo-Confucian ones, but they chose only some of those concepts, considering them key concepts, and based on them they established a system more or less different from Chinese Confucianism. Furthermore, in explaining those concepts’ connotations, Vietnamese Confucianism was not similar to Chinese Confucianism. Some distinctive features of the Vietnamization of Confucianism are as follows: (1) Foreign theories and cultural factors could exist and develop if and only if they were based on Vietnamese reality and used in order to answer problems emerged from it. (2) Foreign culture was accepted, but the characteristics of the indigenous culture were well preserved. (3) “Vietnamization” was based on the confirmation of humanism. (4) The process of Vietnamization was realistic, every theory tended to the close connection with the reality. (5) “Vietnamization” was based on the open-minded and multiculturalist spirit and inclined to avoid monopoly of thought. (6) The Vietnamese are not fanatic: they show their critical spirit when acquiring foreign thoughts and cultures.

Anti-neuroinfl ammatory effect of oxaline, isorhodoptilometrin, and 5-hydroxy-7-(2¢-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-chromone obtained from the marine fungal strain Penicillium oxalicum CLC-MF05

Dong-Cheol Kim,Tran Hong Quang,Nguyen Thuy Tien,Kwan-Woo Kim,Youn-Chul Kim,Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan,Nguyen Xuan Cuong,Nguyen Hoai Nam,Hyuncheol Oh 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.2

Penicillium is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Among all Penicillium species, Penicillium oxalicumhas been reported to produce various types of secondarymetabolites, including alkaloids, phenolics, and tetrahydroxanthonedimeric compounds, exhibiting many pharmacologicaleff ects, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and cytotoxicactivities. Three secondary metabolites were isolated from afermented culture of the sponge-associated fungal strain P. oxalicum CLC-MF05: oxaline ( 1 ), isorhodoptilometrin ( 2 ),and 5-hydroxy-7-(2′-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-chromone( 3 ). Their chemical structures were identifi ed by 1D and2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopic analysesand compared with previously reported data. All three compoundsinhibited NO and PGE 2 overproduction and iNOSand COX-2 overexpression in both LPS-stimulated BV2and rat primary microglia. These metabolites also repressed mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Further,mechanistic studies revealed that the inhibitory actionsof compounds 1–3 were regulated by the inactivation of theNF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, inactivationof the TLR4/MyD88 pathway contributed to theanti-neuroinfl ammatory activity of these compounds. Theseresults suggest that compounds 1–3 represent potential antiinflammatory candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerativediseases; however, further investigation is needed.

Effects of Carbon Nanotube Dispersion Methods on the Radar Absorbing Properties of MWCNT/Epoxy Nanocomposites

Bien Dong Che,Le-Thu T. Nguyen,Bao Quoc Nguyen,Ha Tran Nguyen,Thang Van Le,Nieu Huu Nguyen 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.11

Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) for practical applications are expected not only to have strong microwaveabsorption and a wide absorption bandwidth, but also to be lightweight, to have a fine thickness and acceptablestructural performance, as well as being cost-effective. Although the dispersion of carbon-nanofillers in polymermatrices is a key factor determining the microwave absorbing properties of the composites, there have few studieson these effects. To our knowledge, to date, the realization of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polymercomposites as RAMs in industrial production has been restricted, due to high CNT contents or large composite thicknesses. Thus, in this work, two MWCNT dispersion processing methods, a solution process with surfactant-aid anda ball-milling dispersion, were investigated to fabricate pristine MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. The effects of thedifferent dispersion processes, CNT loading, and composite thickness on CNT dispersion in the matrix, were observedby TEM, and the electrical conductivity and X-band absorbing performance of the composites were assessed. Theuse of an ionic surfactant to aid the dispersion of CNTs in solution resulted in the best RAMs, with a good compromiseamong effective X-band absorption, small composite thickness, and very low CNT content. The ball-millingmethod also resulted in materials with a low CNT content and microwave absorbing performance acceptable forindustrial applications. Moreover, it offers a very simple and efficient route suitable for low-cost, mass productionof RAMs. The results showed that by facile approaches of dispersing pristine commercial MWCNTs in an epoxyresin matrix, composites of only 2-3 mm thickness and as little as 0.25-0.5 wt% CNT loading could be obtained,with a relatively wide X-band operating bandwidth and maximum absorptions exceeding 18-25 dB.

A control architecture for an internet-based robot system

Dong To Nguyen,Sang-Rok Oh,Bum Jae You,Myung Hwangbo,Brian Kwang-Ho Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

Several Issues on Democracy in the History of Vietnamese Thought

( Nguyen Tai Dong ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2014 儒學硏究 Vol.31 No.-

본 논문에서는 현존하는 자료를 바탕으로 베트남 봉건시대의 민주주의적 요소들에 대해 고찰한다. 일반적인 상식으로 민주주의와 봉건주의는 서로 어울리지 않는다. 봉건주의에서는 몇가지 민주주의적 요소들이 나타나고 발견될 뿐이다. 본 논문은 “국가의 근본은 민에 있다”고 하는 민본(民本)에 초점을 맞추어 논한다. 베트남 유학자의 관점에서 인민의 뜻은 하늘의 뜻이다. 하늘의 아들로서의 왕은 하늘의 뜻을 따라야 하는데, 바로 인민의 뜻이 하늘의 뜻이다. 그래서 왕은 인민의 뜻을 듣고 인민의 뜻에 따라 일을 해야만 한다. 국가의 운명은 인민의 뜻과 끊을 수 없는 관계에 있다. 이긴다는 것은 인민의 뜻을 얻은 것이고 진다는 것은 인민의 뜻을 잃는다는 것이다. 이러한 의식을 바탕으로 지배자는 안정된 정치적 환경을 만들기 위해 인민을 사랑해야하며 인민에게 믿음을 줘야 한다. 인민의 믿음은 국가의 안정과 발전에 근간을 둔다. 애민(愛民)은 왕의 책임일 뿐만 아니라 신하의 의무이기도 하다. 왕이 인민을 사랑하고 그들에게 믿음을 주기위해 왕은 안민(安民)을 중요한 정치적 목표로 고려해야 한다. 안민한다는 것은 인민을 부유하고 평화롭고 안정되게 만들며 다른 것에 대해 걱정하지 않도록 해주는 것이다. 또한 인민이 스스로를 발전시키고 공동체와 사회에 대한 의무와 책임을 시행하는 기회를 갖도록 도와주는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 ‘민본’의 개념을 시행하기 위한 몇가지 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 정부는 인민의 뜻이 반영된 기구를 만들고, 시행중인 법의 권력과 부패 등을 줄여서 다스리고, 기구들을 새롭게 개선해 나가야 한다. 인민에 대해, 정부는 인민의 삶을 개선시키고 인민의 힘과 공공직업 등이 균형이 잘 잡힐 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 이런 종류의 민주주의는 베트남 봉건주의 속에서 몇 가지가 반영된다. 전통적인 베트남 정치체계는 자유를 대신해 다스림과 명령 아래 존재하는 경향이 있다. 사실상 정치적 용어에서 자유와 명령 모두 한계를 갖지 않는다. 대신에 유교적 전통에서 링컨의 말과 같은 ‘인민에 의한’ 것은 없지만 ‘인민의’, ‘인민을 위한’ 것은 있다. 본 논문에서는 베트남 통치구역에서 민주주의실시 교육의 분명한 방법들로써 베트남의 마을민주주의를 제시할 것이다. In this paper the author wants to consider the democratic elements in the feudalism of Vietnam through written materials remained. Although in common sense, democracy and feudalism is not suitable for each other, there still appeared and developed some democratic factors. The author mentions the thought on ‘people as the root of the country’ (民本). In Vietnamese Confucian scholars’ viewpoint, people’s will is the Heaven’s will. Since the King is a Heaven’s son, everything he does must follow Heaven’s will whereas people’s will is Heaven’s will. Therefore, the King must listen to and conduct his action in accordance with people’s will. Nation’s fate is associated with people’s will. Victory is due to people’s will, failure is due to losing people’s will. With that awareness, the rulers must love people and make people trust them, in order to make the political circumstance stable. People’s trust is the foundation of the nation’s stability and development. And loving people is not only the King’s responsibility, but also the subjects’ obligation. To love people and make them trust in the King, the rulers must consider reassuring people (安民) the important political target. Reassuring is keeping people wealthy, peaceful, stable, unworried about everything, helping people to have chance to develop them and implementing obligations, responsibility with communes and society. The author also puts forward some ways for implementing the conception of ‘people as root’: the government establishes the mechanism for reflecting people’s will, controls the power by implementing laws andreducing the corruption etc, and renovates the administrative structure. With the people, the government tries to improve people’s livelihood, balances people’s strength and public jobs etc. This kind of democracy in Vietnamese feudalism brings about some reflections. Traditional Vietnamese political system tends to be under control/order instead of being freedom. In fact, both freedom and order have not been limited in political term. Indeed, in Confucian traditional, there is no ‘by the people’ like in the statement of Lincoln, only ‘of the people and for the people’. In this paper, the author also mentions some aspects of Vietnamese village democracy as the specific way of democratic practice by habilitations in Vietnamese rural areas.

Improve performance of plate heat exchanger by electrochemical etching

Dong Ho Nguyen,Koung Moon Kim,Gyu Hyeon Shim,Ho Seon Ahn 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

In this research, electrochemical etching method was applied on plate heat exchanger surface to improve thermal-hydraulic performance. The enhancement was analyzed through experimental data regarding the overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC), friction factor and performance of evaluation criterion (PEC) of water flow inside a plate heat exchanger (PHE). A series of etching cases was conducted in order to find the optimal conditions for an application on commercial stainless steel 304 corrugated plates with a symmetrical chevron angle of 30<SUP>0</SUP>. The etching experiment using aqua Regia solution of the volumetric ratio of 1:3:175 (HNO₃: HCl: H₂O, respectively), was conducted on the as-received surface resulting in a significant increase in Ra value and static contact angle. As a consequence of PHE experiments, the OHTC improved to 11-17%, and PEC valued from 1.08 to 1.19, while an unavoidable increase of friction factor by at least 20%.