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Incidence of Fusarium and Other Molds in Korean Field Crops
Dojin Ryu,Lloyd B. Bullerman 한국식품영양과학회 1998 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.3 No.1
The incidence of total molds, Fusarium species, and the estrogenic mycotoxin, zearalenone, in Korean grain samples were investigated. The majority of molds infecting grain were identified as belonging to the genus Alternaria, with an average infection rate of kernels of 43% and 32% in rice and barley, respectively. Fusarium species were less common, with average infection rates of 13% and 19% in rice and barley, respectively. A number of field fungi including Curvularia and Dactylaria were also observed. Among the Fusarium species, 71 of 94 Fusarium isolates were identified as F. semitectum. A few F. moniliforme and F. equiseti were observed from both rice, barley, and beans. Zearalenone was not detected in any of the 29 samples either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELlSA) or high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). In addition, deoxynivalenol was not detected by ELISA. However, the presence of molds, including Fusarium species, may pose possible health hazards to persons consuming those grains.
Incidence of Fusarium and other Molds in Korean Field Crops
Ryu, Dojin,Bullerman, Lloyd B. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 1998 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.3 No.1
The incidence of total molds, Fusarium species, and the estrogenic mycotoxin,zearalenone, in Korean grain samples were investigated . The majority of molds infecting grain were identified as belonging to the genus Alternaria , with an average infection rate of kernels of 43% and 32% in rice and baley, respectively. Fusarium speciens were less common, with average infection rates of 13% and 19% in reice and barley, respectively. A number of field fungi including Curvularia and Dactylaria were also observed. Among the Fusarium speices, 71 of 94 Fusarium isolates were identified as F.semitectum. A few F. moniliforme and F. equiseti were observed linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). In addition, deoxynivalenol was not deteted by ELISA . However, thepresence of molds, including Fusarium species, may pose possbile health hazards to persons consuming those grains.
Integrated Databases for a Smart Greenhouse Intelligent Inference Platform
Christopher Ryu,Jongtae Lim,Sangjun Chung,Seoheui Lee,Hyunjung Hwang,RETITI DIOP EMANE Christopher,Junhyuck Jang,Nameyoung Kim,Yuna Kim,Dowoong Pyun,Youngho Oh,Dojin Choi,Kyoungsoo Bok,Jaesoo Yoo 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2021 No.12
Reduction of Ochratoxin A in Rice Flour by Twin-Screw Extrusion
Hyun Jung Lee,Dojin Ryu 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.04
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins due to its prominent nephrotoxicity as well as potential carcinogenicity to human. OTA has been detected in a wide range of agricultural commodities including cereal grains and their processed products. OTA is stable under most food processing conditions while the reduction of OTA is more rapid and extensive under higher temperature and alkaline conditions. In this study, the effects of extrusion cooking on the stability of OTA in spiked (100 μg/kg) rice flour (moisture content, 16% wet weight basis) in the presence and absence of baking soda was investigated using a laboratory scale twin-screw extruder. The extrusion variables were temperature (120 and 150°C), screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm), and baking soda (0, 0.5, and 1%, w/w). Both unextruded and extruded samples were analyzed for OTA by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The reduction of OTA was in the range of 78-82% with no added baking soda, whereas lesser reductions of 75-80% and 72-77% were observed at 0.5% and 1% baking soda, respectively. Both temperature and screw speed did not affect reduction of OTA during extrusion regardless of the presence or absence of baking soda. While the total color difference (ΔE) of extruded samples were increased with baking soda content, the radial expansion of extruded samples were decreased with baking soda content. These results suggest that OTA in rice flour may be reduced significantly by extrusion. In addition, added baking soda may negatively impact the reduction of OTA while its mechanism of action is unknown.
PARK, JE WON,SONG, BEOM SEOK,RYU, DOJIN,LEE, CHAN,KIM, YOUNG BAE 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2002 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.12 No.6
A novel antibacterial metabolite, ARK42, was isolated from a xerophilic fungal strain K42, and identified as Asperillus repens based on its morphological characteristic. The metabolite exhibited antibacterial activities towards Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MICs of 25, 12.5, and 3.125 ㎍/ml, respectively, and killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 ㎍/ml. Furthermore, acticancer activities were demonstrated against human colon cancer DLD-1 and lung cancer LXFL529 cells with an IC_50 of 10 and 1 ㎍/ml, respectively.
Lee, Hyun Jung,Pyo, Min Cheol,Shin, Hye Soo,Ryu, Dojin,Lee, Kwang-Won Elsevier 2018 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.122 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Because ochratoxin A (OTA) is widely found in foods, people are susceptible to OTA exposure. The mechanism leading to renal toxicity induced by OTA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate OTA-induced toxicity in human proximal tubule HK-2 cells. OTA decreased cell viability, and the expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a kidney damage marker, was increased when HK-2 cells were exposed to OTA. Additionally, OTA treatment of cells increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione levels. OTA-treated cells induced the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) genes followed by induction of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 genes representing phase I enzyme. The mRNA expression of phase II enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-quinone oxidoreductase 1, and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit were upregulated by activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation by treatment with OTA. The response of OTA-orally administered mice also showed marked increases in these enzymes as well as KIM-1. These results indicate that OTA induces phase I and II enzymes through the AhR, PXR, and Nrf2 signaling pathways in HK-2 cells, which may lead to modulation of proximal tubule injury.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ochratoxin A not only increases ROS and MDA but also reduces the content of GSH. </LI> <LI> OTA activates translocation of AhR, PXR, and Nrf2, then causes kidney damage. </LI> <LI> Nrf2 translocation is activated by AhR, PXR or ROS generated by the metabolism of CYP enzyme with OTA. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Effects of explosive puffing process on the reduction of ochratoxin A in rice and oats
Lee, Hyun Jung,Kim, Singeun,Suh, Hyung Joo,Ryu, Dojin BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN 2019 FOOD CONTROL Vol.95 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ochratoxin A (OTA) represents one of the most widespread mycotoxins in agricultural commodities in the world and is considered as a possible human carcinogen with its potent nephrotoxicity. Since OTA is stable under most food processing conditions, it has been detected in a variety of cereal grains and their processed products. We investigated the effect of explosive puffing process on the reduction of OTA in rice and oats. Moisture content of rice and oat grains were adjusted to 15% (wet weight basis, wb) and OTA was spiked at 100 μg/kg. Then the grains were processed by explosive puffing at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 MPa. The moisture content of puffed rice and oat snacks were in the ranges of 5–8% wb and 6–10% wb, respectively, and the moisture content in the puffed products were decreased with increasing pressure. In addition, decreased bulk density and increased degree of redness (<I>a</I>) were observed with increased explosive puffing pressure. The reduction of OTA concentration in puffed rice and oats were decreased with increasing explosive puffing pressures in the ranges of 15–28% and 38–52%, respectively. These results suggest that OTA in rice and oat may be reduced significantly by explosive puffing process, which can be applied to commercial production of cereal-based snack foods.</P>