Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island,South Korea

Park, John K.,Arimoto, Richard,Savoie, Dennis,Carmichael, Gregory R,Prospero, Joseph,Hong, Min-Sun,Ueda, Hiromasa,Murano, Kentaro,Chen, Li-Ling,Kim, Y. P.,Shim, Shang,Lee, Ho-geun,Song, Chul H.,Kang, 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1998 基礎科學硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The chemical composition of aerosols measured at Cheju Island, Korea, over the 3-year period March 1992 to February 1995 are presented and discussed, with a particular emphasis on the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Western Pacific (PEM-West B) time period. Cheju Island is under the influence of continental outflow conditions nearly 70% of the year, and as a result the aerosol loading of sea salt as well as continental aerosol components is high. The 3-year mean values derived from the daily tape filters are non-sea-salt (nss) SO₄²?=6.8㎍/㎥, NO₃?=1.2㎍/㎥, Cl??=1.9㎍/㎥, Na+=1.7㎍/㎥, Ca²?=0.5㎍/㎥, NH₄?=1.3㎍/㎥, Mg²?=0.3㎍/㎥, and K+=0.4㎍/㎥. Sea-salt components show peak values in winter, while calcium, nitrate, potassium, and to a lesser extent, sulfate and ammonium, show higher values in the spring, and all species exhibit a pronounced minimum in summer. Trajectory and principal component analysis show that elevated levels of primary aerosols (both sea salt and soil-derived) occur with strong wind conditions associated with winter and spring, and high concentrations of non-sea-salt components are most strongly associated with springtime continental outflow events. During the PEM-West B period, nitrate and calcium are found to be ∼60% higher than the annual mean, sea-salt components ∼30% higher, and sulfate ∼10% higher. The aerosol data are combined with gaseous SO₂ concentrations, precipitation chemistry data and companion aerosol measurements taken at the same site, to provide further insights into the aerosol composition at Cheju. At Cheju, sulfate and ammonium are found mostly in the fine fraction (∼80 to 90%), while calcium and nitrate reside in the coarse size fraction. sulfate and nitrate are not associated with the primary aerosols, but rather become associated with the aerosol during the long-range transport process.

Characterization of North American Ginseng Rust-Spot and the Effects of Ethephon

Cindy Campeau,John T.A. Proctor,Dennis P. Murr,Jan Schooley 고려인삼학회 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.4

Rust-spot on North American ginseng roots (Panax quinquefolius L.) is considered a physiological, not a pathological disorder. Ginseng rust-spot starts as an orange spot on the surface of the root and may spread forming a sunken, round to irregular lesion, ~5 mm in diameter. Pieces of root, ~7 mm in length and containing a rust-spotted lesion, were embedded in agar and sectioned using a vibratome. These sections and hand sections, cut with a two-sided razor blade, were examined using fluorescence microscopy. The 4-5 cell layers of the periderm were destroyed in the area of the lesion and orange substances were deposited in and around the lesion. Sections stained with vanillin-HCl and viewed using bright field microscopy confirmed that the orange substances were phenolic compounds. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the periderm had pulled away from the root, or was completely destroyed, in the area of the lesion. The smooth surface of the lesion indicates the deposition of phenolic compounds in surrounding cells as a wound response. Roots sprayed or dipped in ethephon (1500 mgㆍL.1) developed rust-spots, more so at 21±2oC than at 3±0.2℃. Roots held at 21±2℃ were yellowish and developed white cell proliferations. Comparable control roots also developed rust-spots<br/> likely due to the high undecomposed organic matter content of the incubation soilless mix.

Feeding Practices of Caregivers of Obese Children

Deo Odones,Dennis Glen Ramos,John Stephen Tanedo,Joan Paula Pagalilauan,Jarah Bleasch Consolacion,Danica Kristl Concepcion,Crizzle Gaad,Giselle Joyce Manguera,Carissa leana Marron,Maria Israelle Navar 한국간호과학회 2011 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection for Dupuytren Contracture: 2-Year Follow-up

Suresh K. Nayar,Dennis Pfisterer,John V. Ingari 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.3

Background: Dupuytren disease is characterized by the development of palmar fibrous tissue that can lead to fixed flexion contracture (FFC) and contribute to functional loss of the involved digits. Our goal was to investigate rates of contracture resolution and recurrence in patients who underwent enzymatic fasciotomy for Dupuytren contracture consisting of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injection followed by passive manipulation combined with splinting and home-based therapy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 34 patients (44 metacarpophalangeal [MCP] and 33 proximal interphalangeal [PIP] joints) treated by one orthopaedic hand surgeon between November 2010 and November 2014. On day 1, CCH was injected into a palpable fibrous cord of the involved fingers. The next day, the finger was passively extended to its maximal corrective position. FFC was measured for each joint before injection and immediately after manipulation. Patients were instructed to wear an extension splint at night and perform stretching exercises at home and were re-evaluated at 6 weeks, 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Resolution was defined as improvement of contracture to ≤ 5° of neutral. Recurrence was defined as an increase in FCC of ≥ 20° after treatment. Results: Immediate contracture resolution occurred in 42 of 44 MCP joints (p < 0.001), improving from 50° to 1.5°, and in 14 of 33 PIP joints (p = 0.182), improving from 44° to 16°. Four joints had recurrence within 6 weeks. Of the 48 joints with minimum 4-month follow-up (mean, 26 months), 12 had recurrence at 2-year follow-up (MCP, 6; PIP, 6). At 2-year follow-up, MCP and PIP contractures measured 17° and 35.5°, respectively. Older age and multiple digit involvement were associated with higher recurrence rates. Conclusions: CCH offers a safe, nonoperative option to correct FCC in Dupuytren disease with greater success for MCP joints compared to PIP joints. There is a tendency of reoccurrence within 2 years of treatment. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal timing of repeat CCH injection to improve upon or extend the period of contracture resolution.

Environmental controls on growing-season sap flow density of Quercus serrata Thunb in a temperate deciduous forest of Korea

Laiju, Nahida,Otieno, Dennis,Jung, Eun-Young,Lee, Bo-Ra,Tenhunen, John,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Sung, Joo-Han,Kang, Sin-Kyu The Ecological Society of Korea 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.3

Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) ($r^2$ = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) ($r^2$ = 0.98, P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH ($r^2$ = 0.25), as well as SA ($r^2$ = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.

Reducing the seat vibration of vehicle by semi active force control technique

Sathishkumar. P.,Jancirani. J.,Dennie John 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.2

This article focusses on reducing the axis acceleration and minimizing the vertical displacement by using an air spring actuator and activeforce control as a main control element. In active force control loop track the developed force of an air spring actuator is fed as afeedback to the actuator. Mamdani and sugeno type fuzzy interference system are used to develop a desired force and to estimate mass ofthe system respectively. The performance of the system is analyzed for both time and frequency domains and contrasted with passivesuspension due to the irregular road disturbances. While developing the simulation model, quarter car suspension with seat as three degreeof freedom and an air spring actuator acting as a force generator are modeled as non-linear system. The simulation result shows theeffectiveness of the proposed control scheme in suppressing the undesirable effects of the suspension system.

Characterization of North American Ginseng Rust-Spot and the Effects of Ethephon

Campeau, Cindy,Proctor, John T.A.,Murr, Dennis P.,Schooley, Jan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.4

Rust-spot on North American ginseng roots (Panax quinquefolius L.) is considered a physiological, not a pathological disorder. Ginseng rust-spot starts as an orange spot on the surface of the root and may spread forming a sunken, round to irregular lesion. 5 mm in diameter. Pieces of root, 7 mm in length and containing a rust-spotted lesion, were embedded in agar and sectioned using a vibratome. These sections and hand sections, cut with a two-sided razor blade, were examined using fluorescence microscopy. The 4-5 cell layers of the periderm were destroyed in the area of the lesion and orange substance:, were deposited in and around the lesion. Sections stained with vanillin-HCI and viewed using bright field microscopy confirmed that the orange substances were phenolic compounds. Scanning electron micros-copy showed that the periderm had pulled away from the root, or was completely destroyed, in the area of the lesion. The smooth surface of the lesion indicates the deposition of phenolic compounds in surrounding cells as a wound response. Roots sprayed or dipped in ethephon (1500 mgㆍL$^{-1}$ ) developed rust-spots, more so at 21$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ than at 3$\pm$0.2$^{\circ}C$. Roots held at 21$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ were yellowish and developed white cell proliferations. Comparable control roots also developed rust-spots likely due to the high undecomposed organic matter content of the incubation soilless mix.

Environmental controls on growing-season sap flow density of Quercus serrata Thunb in a temperate deciduous forest of Korea

Nahida Laiju,강신규,Dennis Otieno,정은영,이보라,John Tenhunen,임종환,성주한 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.3

Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) (r2 = 0.98,P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH (r2 = 0.25), as well as SA (r2 = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.

Horticultural Science Distance Education Graduate Certificate at North Carolina State University, USA

Douglas C. Sanders,Mary M. Peet,Dennis J. Osborne,Julia L. Kornegay,John M. Dole 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Low-Overhead Network-on-Chip Support for Location-Oblivious Task Placement

Gwangsun Kim,Lee, Michael Mihn-Jong,Kim, John,Lee, Jae W.,Abts, Dennis,Marty, Michael IEEE 2014 IEEE Transactions on Computers Vol. No.

<P>Many-core processors will have many processing cores with a network-on-chip (NoC) that provides access to shared resources such as main memory and on-chip caches. However, locally-fair arbitration in multi-stage NoC can lead to globally unfair access to shared resources and impact system-level performance depending on where each task is physically placed. In this work, we propose an arbitration to provide equality-of-service (EoS) in the network and provide support for location-oblivious task placement. We propose using probabilistic arbitration combined with distance-based weights to achieve EoS and overcome the limitation of round-robin arbiter. However, the complexity of probabilistic arbitration results in high area and long latency which negatively impacts performance. In order to reduce the hardware complexity, we propose an hybrid arbiter that switches between a simple arbiter at low load and a complex arbiter at high load. The hybrid arbiter is enabled by the observation that arbitration only impacts the overall performance and global fairness at a high load. We evaluate our arbitration scheme with synthetic traffic patterns and GPGPU benchmarks. Our results shows that hybrid arbiter that combines round-robin arbiter with probabilistic distance-based arbitration reduces performance variation as task placement is varied and also improves average IPC.</P>