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이종민,마상동,한태룡,김공환,임상빈,정인식 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 1997 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.9 No.-
Supercritical fluids (SCF) are useful substances that are recently used in bioseparation process. Extraction of carthamin from safflower using supercritical carbon dioxide were examined at various conditions of temperature (35∼40℃), pressure (3000∼5000 psi) and CO₂ flow rate (900∼1200 m/hr). SCF was less effective than solvent methods in carthamin extraction from safflower. Concentration of carthamin was 50% more efficent at the use of alginate beads with 35 g cellulose per column loadings compared to the control (15g cellulose per column loadings).
Chung-Sik Gong,Zelalem Chimdesa Merga,Ji Sung Lee 대한위암학회 2023 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.23 No.3
This meta-analysis examined the surgical management of older patients (>80 years) with gastric cancer, who were often excluded from randomized controlled trials. We analyzed 23 retrospective cohort studies involving 18,372 patients and found that older patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (relative risk [RR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–7.17; P<0.01) and more post-operative complications (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19–1.56; P<0.01) than did younger patients. However, the surgical complications were similar between the two groups. Older patients were more likely to undergo less extensive lymph node dissection and longer hospital stays. Although older patients had statistically significant post-operative medical complications, they were not deprived of surgery for gastric cancer. The comorbidities and potential risks of post-operative complications should be carefully evaluated in older patients, highlighting the importance of careful patient selection. Overall, this meta-analysis provides recommendations for the surgical management of older patients with gastric cancer. Careful patient selection and evaluation of comorbidities should be performed to minimize the risk of post-operative complications in older patients, while recognizing that they should not be deprived of surgery for gastric cancer.
Chung-Sik Gong,Jeong-Hwan Yook,Sung-Tae Oh,Byung-Sik Kim 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.91 No.5
Purpose: With the increase in the average life expectancy, the elderly population continues to increase rapidly. However, no consensus has been reached on the feasibility for surgical resection due to the high morbidity and mortality rate after surgical treatment in elderly patients caused by aging and underlying diseases. Methods: This study was performed with patients aged 80 years and older. The subjects were classified into 2 groups as follows: the surgical resection group consisting of 61 patients, and the conservative treatment group consisting of 39 patients suitable for curative resection. Results: Mean age and clinical stages in the conservative treatment group were higher than those in the surgical resection group. There was no significant difference in sex, location of the lesion, histological type, or underlying disease. The mean survival time of surgical resection group and conservative treatment group was respectively 52.1 ± 2.66 months and 37.1 ± 5.08 months (P < 0.05) for clinical stage 1 disease, 41.7 ± 5.16 months and 22.4 ± 6.07 months (P = 0.004) for stage 2 disease, and 31.7 ± 9.37 months and 10.6 ± 1.80 months (P = 0.049) for stage 3 disease. However, as for the extent of lymph node resection for the different stages, we observed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Surgical resection in all clinical stages, except stage 4, showed a higher survival rate than conservative treatment. To minimize postoperative surgery complications, limited lymph node dissection should also be considered.
Surgical feeding tube insertion, the literature review and the actual procedure
Chung-Sik Gong 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.2
Nutritional support through feeding tubes for patients who are unable to take oral feed has many advantages over parenteral nutrition. The feeding tubes can also be used for decompression in patients with bowel obstruction or gastroparesis and those requiring peri-operative nutritional support when oral intake is contraindicated or limited. Therefore, insertion of the feeding tube is currently one of the most commonly performed procedures. With the advances in intervention, most of the feeding tubes are inserted under endoscopic or fluoroscopic guidance. However, in some cases only the insertion of a surgical feeding tube is possible. This paper introduces the indications for inserting a surgical feeding tube formation. It also describes the surgical management of dislodgement and clogging of the tube, and enterocutaneous fistula among the possible complications.
Surgical feeding tube insertion, the literature review and the actual procedure
Chung-Sik Gong 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.10 No.2
Nutritional support through feeding tubes for patients who are unable to take oral feed has many advantages over parenteral nutrition. The feeding tubes can also be used for decompression in patients with bowel obstruction or gastroparesis and those requiring peri-operative nutritional support when oral intake is contraindicated or limited. Therefore, insertion of the feeding tube is currently one of the most commonly performed procedures. With the advances in intervention, most of the feeding tubes are inserted under endoscopic or fluoroscopic guidance. However, in some cases only the insertion of a surgical feeding tube is possible. This paper introduces the indications for inserting a surgical feeding tube formation. It also describes the surgical management of dislodgement and clogging of the tube, and enterocutaneous fistula among the possible complications.
Clinical practice guidelines for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Chung Hyun Tae,Ju Yup Lee,Moon Kyung Joo,Chan Hyuk Park,Eun Jeong Gong,Cheol Min Shin,Hyun Lim,Hyuk Soon Choi,Miyoung Choi,Sang Hoon Kim,Chul-Hyun Lim,Jeong-Sik Byeon,Ki-Nam Shim,Geun Am Song,Moon Sun 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.4
With an aging population, the number of patients with difficulty in swallowing due to medical conditions is gradually increasing. In such cases, enteral nutrition is administered through a temporary nasogastric tube. However, the long-term use of a nasogastric tube leads to various complications and a decreased quality of life. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the percutaneous placement of a tube into the stomach that is aided endoscopically and may be an alternative to a nasogastric tube when enteral nutritional is required for four weeks or more. This paper is the first Korean clinical guideline for PEG developed jointly by the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research and led by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. These guidelines aimed to provide physicians, including endoscopists, with the indications, use of prophylactic antibiotics, timing of enteric nutrition, tube placement methods, complications, replacement, and tube removal for PEG based on the currently available clinical evidence.
Clinical Practice Guideline for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Tae Chung Hyun,Lee Ju Yup,Joo Moon Kyung,Park Chan Hyuk,Gong Eun Jeong,Shin Cheol Min,Lim Hyun,Choi Hyuk Soon,Choi Miyoung,Kim Sang Hoon,Lim Chul-Hyun,Byeon Jeong-Sik,Shim Ki-Nam,Song Geun Am,Lee Moon 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.1
With an aging population, the number of patients with difficulty swallowing due to medical conditions is gradually increasing. In such cases, enteral nutrition is administered through a temporary nasogastric tube. Long-term use of a nasogastric tube leads to various complications and a decreased quality of life. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the percutaneous placement of a tube into the stomach, aided endoscopically, which may be an alternative to a nasogastric tube when enteral nutritional is required for 4 weeks or more. This paper is the first Korean clinical guideline for PEG. It was developed jointly by the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research and led by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. These guidelines aimed to provide physicians, including endoscopists, with the indications, use of prophylactic antibiotics, timing of enteric nutrition, tube placement methods, complications, replacement, and tubes removal for PEG based on the currently available clinical evidence.