Taxol Produced from Endophytic Fungi Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Cells

Wang, Xin,Wang, Chao,Sun, Yu-Ting,Sun, Chuan-Zhen,Zhang, Yue,Wang, Xiao-Hua,Zhao, Kai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Currently, taxol is mainly extracted from the bark of yews; however, this method can not meet its increasing demand on the market because yews grow very slowly and are a rare and endangered species belonging to first-level conservation plants. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to develop alternative means of taxol production; microbe fermentation would be a very promising method to increase the production scale of taxol. To determine the activities of the taxol extracted from endophytic fungus N. sylviforme HDFS4-26 in inhibiting the growth and causing the apoptosis of cancer cells, on comparison with the taxol extracted from the bark of yew, we used cellular morphology, cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, staining (HO33258/PI and Giemsa), DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses to determine the apoptosis status of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, cervical cancer HeLa cells and ovarian cancer HO8910 cells. Our results showed that the fungal taxol inhibited the growth of MCF-7, HeLa and HO8910 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. IC50 values of fungal taxol for HeLa, MCF-7 and HO8910 cells were $0.1-1.0{\mu}g/ml$, $0.001-0.01{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.01-0.1{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The fungal taxol induced these tumor cells to undergo apoptosis with typical apoptotic characteristics, including morphological changes for chromatin condensation, chromatin crescent formation, nucleus fragmentation, apoptotic body formation and G2/M cell cycle arrest. The fungal taxol at the $0.01-1.0{\mu}g/ml$ had significant effects of inducing apoptosis between 24-48 h, which was the same as that of taxol extracted from yews. This study offers important information and a new resource for the production of an important anticancer drug by endofungus fermentation.

Strain Rate Effects on the Mechanical Properties of an AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy

Chuan Ting Wang,Yong He,Zhiping Guo,Xiaohui Huang,Ying Chen,Houan Zhang,Yuan He 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

The efect of strain rate on the compressive properties of an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was investigated. Microstructure of the AlCoCrFeNi HEA was observed using scanning transmission microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronmicroscopy. The results showed formation of a homogeneous two-phase structure. Quasi-static compression was testedunder initial engineering strain rates between 10–4 and 10–2 s−1. Engineering compression stress of exceeding 2500 MPaand ductility of around 12% was achieved. Dynamic mechanical behavior at room temperature was characterized by a splitHopkinson pressure bar under strain rates between 1350 and 4000 s−1. The AlCoCrFeNi HEA exhibited high strain ratesensitivity, especially under dynamic compression. The fuctuation of yield strength and the variation of strain rate hardening with strain rate was investigated. The various parameters of a constitutive equation for deformation of the AlCoCrFeNiHEA were obtained from the experimental data. The constitutive equations can be applied to predict the strength of alloyunder various stain rates.

Taxonomy of the genus Ectopioglossa Perkins from China, with two new species and an updated key to the Oriental species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Wang Hua-Chuan,Chen Bin,Li Ting-Jing 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

A total of five species of the genus Ectopioglossa is reviewed from China, of which two new species are described and illustrated. These two new species are Ectopioglossa trimacula sp. nov. and E. convexa sp. nov., collected from Guangxi and Yunnan, China, respectively. Among other three nomial species, E. sublaevis (Smith, 1857) is new to China. An updated key to the Oriental species is also provided.

Localization and Size Estimation for Breaks in Nuclear Power Plants

Ting-Han Lin,Ching Chen,Shun-Chi Wu,Te-Chuan Wang,Yuh-Ming Ferng 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.1

Several algorithms for nuclear power plant (NPP) break event detection, isolation, localization, and size estimation are proposed. A break event can be promptly detected and isolated after its occurrence by simultaneously monitoring changes in the sensing readings and by employing an interquartile range-based isolation scheme. By considering the multi-sensor data block of a break to be rank-one, it can be located as the position whose lead field vector is most orthogonal to the noise subspace of that data block using the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Owing to the flexibility of deep neural networks in selecting the best regression model for the available data, we can estimate the break size using multiple-sensor recordings of the break regardless of the sensor types. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms was evaluated using the data generated by Maanshan NPP simulator. The experimental results demonstrated that the MUSIC method could distinguish two near breaks. However, if the two breaks were close and of small sizes, the MUSIC method might wrongly locate them. The break sizes estimated by the proposed deep learning model were close to their actual values, but relative errors of more than 8% were seen while estimating small breaks’ sizes.

Study on the Flavor Contribution of Phospholipids and Triglycerides to Pork

Ye-Chuan Huang,Hong-Jun Li,Zhi-Fei He,Ting Wang,Gang Qin 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.5

For investigating the flavor contribution of phospholipids and triglycerides to pork, the longissimus muscle of Rongchang (RC) and PIC (bred by PIC Company of England) pig were selectively removed of intramuscular triglycerides or total intramuscular lipids. After cooking, the flavor of different samples was compared by sensory evaluation, gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), and electronic nose. The results showed that removing triglycerides had little effect on the aroma of the cooked meat, but when total intramuscular lipids were removed a remarkable difference was observed. The control samples covaried strongly with some lipid-derived products, and the petroleum ether defatted samples also positively related to these compounds,but to a lesser extent, both of them negatively covaried with chloroform-methanol extracted samples which associated with some Maillard reaction products. Moreover the flavor difference between 2 breeds would decrease when triglycerides were removed, and reduce further when phospholipids and triglycerides were removed simultaneously. These results suggested that intramuscular lipids especially phospholipids contributed significantly to pork flavor, the flavor difference between 2 breeds resulted mainly from different intramuscular lipids content and composition.

Roles of mTOR and p-mTOR in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Li, Jun-Chuan,Zhu, Hong-Yu,Chen, Ting-Xuan,Zou, Lan-Ying,Wang, Xiao-Yan,Zhao, Hui-Chuan,Xu, Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between expression of mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylation of mTOR (p-mTOR) protein in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and relatiuonships with clinical factors. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the associated proteins mTOR, p-mTOR, and phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor genes PTEN, P27, VEGF, and EGFR in 40 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, with division into a very low and low risk group as well as a moderate and high risk group. Results: The positive rate of mTOR and p-mTOR was significantly increased in the moderate and high risk group compared with the very low and low risk group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). When grouped according to size, the positive mTOR expression rate exhibited a statistical difference (P<0.05), which was significantly increased in the group of tumors larger than 5 cm. The difference in the positive mTOR and p-mTOR expression rate exhibit no statistical significance among the PTEN, P27, VEGF, and EGFR expression subgroups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The different expressions of mTOR and p-mTOR in the signal transduction pathway of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the different degree-of-risk groups suggested that the mTOR and p-mTOR of the signal transduction pathway serve an important function in the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Influence of lining materials on the detonation driving of fragments

Yue Ma,Yong He,Chuan Ting Wang,Yuan He,Cheng Ji,Lei Guo,Peng Chen 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.3

The shape and strength of prefabricated fragments changes to some extent after detonation loading. In this paper, detonation loading process of prefabricated fragments under two types of lining layers was studied and compared with no lining. By observing the recovered fragments, it was found that the inner part of the material was cracked and the shape of the fragments changed significantly. Comparing the two lining materials, the Kevlar/epoxy was better protective lining than polyurethane. The detonation process was analyzed qualitatively by using shock wave theory. In order to further explore the process, the simulation software LS-DYNA was used to carry out 3D simulation. The simulation results, in good agreement with the experimental results, showed that the Kevlar/Epoxy liner had a great influence on the initial velocity of the fragment. The experimental results and simulation results suggest that spherical fragments are better than cylindrical fragments in detonation drive application.

Compressive Mechanical Properties and Shock-Induced Reaction Behavior of a Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr Alloy

Zhiping Guo,Ran Liu,Chuan Ting Wang,Yong He,Yuan He,Yue Ma,Xuebing Hu 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.10

The compressive mechanical properties of a Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr alloy were investigated at room temperature under variousstrain rates. The parameters of a modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation were determined to describe the strainsoftening behavior under dynamic conditions. The testing results under compression show yield strength evidently increaseswith the increase of the strain rate. Moreover, it was found that the strain-rate effect of the yield strength upon dynamicdeformation is more significant than that upon quasi-static deformation. In order to characterize the impact-initiated reactionbehavior of Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr alloy, the quasi-sealed test chamber was used to measure the pressure caused by energyreleased of fragments. It was obviously shown that the exothermic chemical reaction was more intense with the increase ofimpact velocity.

Optimizing Conditions for Antioxidant Phenolic Compound Extraction From Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology

Lei Wu,Gongcheng Wang,Ting Shen,Long You,Weicheng Hu,Chuan-Ling Si 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.3

Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr., is an economic plant cultivated in Southwest China commonly used in traditionalChinese medicine. In this study, a response surface methodology was used to optimize experimental conditions forthe extraction of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. The highest extraction ratio ofphenolic compounds yielded 39.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight using an ethanol concentration of 30%(v/v) as a solvent and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 21:1 (mL·g-1) for 2 h in 63°C. The crude material was extractedunder optimal conditions, enriched, and then purified through a D-101 macroporous adsorption resin, giving a phenoliccompound-enriched fraction we named TPMB. Evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity suggested that TPMBsignificantly scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, superoxide radical, and hydrogen peroxidein a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, TPMB also exhibited a strong reducing ability and provided protectionagainst oxidative damage induced by oxidative stress in cellular antioxidant activity assays. The results from this studyindicate the suitability of the response surface methodology in optimizing the solvent extraction of phenolic compoundsfrom M. bealei. Further research showed that TPMB possesses a strong anti-radical activity and may be an effectiveoxidation resistance treatment in the medical and food industries.

Case-Control Study of Diet in Patients with Cervical Cancer or Precancerosis in Wufeng, a High Incidence Region in China

Jia, Yao,Hu, Ting,Hang, Chuan-Ying,Yang, Ru,Li, Xiong,Chen, Zhi-Lan,Mei, Ye-Dong,Zhang, Qing-Hua,Huang, Ke-Cheng,Xiang, Qun-Ying,Pan, Xiu-Yu,Yan, Yu-Ting,Wang, Xiao-Li,Wang, Shao-Shuai,Hang, Zhou,Tang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Purpose: To investigate the diet of patients with cervical cancer and precancerosis in the Wufeng area, a high-incidence region in China. Methods: In the case group, 104 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINII/III) were recruited from the Wufeng area. Nine hundred thirty-six healthy women were selected from the same area as the matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general lifestyle conditions, smoking and alcohol status, source of drinking water, green tea intake, and diet in the past year, was presented to all participants. Results: Green tea intake (P=0.022, OR=0.551, 95% CI=0.330-0.919) and vegetable intake (P=0.035, OR=0.896, 95% CI=0.809-0.993) were identified as protective factors against cervical cancer or CINII/III. There was no indication of any associations of other lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol status, source of drinking water) or diet (intake of fruit, meat/egg/milk, soybean food, onion/garlic, staple food and pickled food) with cervical cancer. Conclusions: The results suggest that eating more fresh vegetables and drinking more green tea may help to reduce the risk of cervical cancer or CINII/III in people of the Wufeng area.