The Study of Antioxidant Effects in Melanins Extracted from Various Tissues of Animals

Lin, Liang-Chuan,Chen, Wei-Tai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effects of melanin extracts, including silkie fowl skin melanin (SS-melanin), silkie fowl comb melanin (SC-melanin), sepia ink sac melanin (SE-melanin), octopus ink sac melanin (OC-melanin) and synthetic melanin (SY-melanin). The results showed that with the addition of melanin extracts, linoleic acid peroxide significantly, decreased (p<0.05) with the increase in the irradiative time of UV and that OC-melanin had the highest efficiency on antioxidant activity (p<0.05). Melanin extract had reducing power and chelating power to $Fe^{2+}$, which increased with the increase in the different melanin concentration. Therefore, it could be concluded that the antioxidant action of melanin extracts did not come from one single function, but is a result of many characteristic functions.

The Effectiveness of a Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis Model and Expectation Maximisation Algorithm in Treating Missing Daily Rainfall Data

Zun Liang Chuan,Sayang Mohd Deni,Soo-Fen Fam,Noriszura Ismail 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1

The reliability and accuracy of a risk assessment of extreme hydro-meteorological events are highly dependent on the quality of the historical rainfall time series data. However, missing data in a time series such as this could result in lower quality data. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiple-imputation algorithm for treating missing data without requiring information from adjoining monitoring stations. The proposed imputation algorithms are based on the M-component probabilistic principal component analysis model and an expectation maximisation algorithm (MPPCA-EM). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPPCA-EM imputation algorithm, six distinct historical daily rainfall time series data were recorded from six monitoring stations. These stations were located at the coastal and inland regions of the East-Coast Economic Region (ECER) Malaysia. The results of analysis show that, when it comes to treating missing historical daily rainfall time series data recorded from coastal monitoring stations, the 2-component probabilistic principal component analysis model and expectation-maximisation algorithm (2PPCA-EM) were found to be superior to the single- and multiple-imputation algorithms proposed in previous studies. On the contrary, the single-imputation algorithms as proposed in previous studies were superior to the MPPCA-EM imputation algorithms when treating missing historical daily rainfall time series data recorded from inland monitoring stations.

The New Storage Technology: Effect of Far Infrared Ray (FIR) Ceramic Sheet Package on Storage Quality of Pork Loin

Lin, Liang-Chuan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.11

A total of 30 pork loin sections were utilized to evaluate the effects of FIR ceramic sheet in PE and vacuum package on preserving the quality of chilled pork stored at 4 and $0^{\circ}C$. Based on meat color, results indicated that pork loin packaged in ceramic sheet and control treatment showed that the samples of the control treatment tended to darken gradually in comparison with the samples at 0 day, but FIR treatment had few changes. Among the total plate counts of sliced loin in PE and loin in vacuum package under different storage times at 4 and $0^{\circ}C$, results showed that FIR ceramic sheet package treatment had lower total plate counts and significant differences (p<0.05). In VBN value, both treatments tended to rise high with the increasing of storage time, but the FIR treatment was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control treatment. Its results had a corresponding relationship with the total plate counts. Regarding the drip loss of sliced loin in PE and loin in vacuum package, it showed that FIR ceramic sheet package treatment had lower drip loss and significant differences (p<0.01). These results showed that the use of FIR ceramic sheet package, including PE and vacuum package, is an effective method of maintaining the quality of meat.

Inhibitory Effects of Syk Transfection on Lung Cancer Cell Invasion

Peng, Chuan-Liang,Zhang, Ying,Sun, Qi-Feng,Zhao, Yun-Peng,Hao, Ying-Tao,Zhao, Xiao-Gang,Cong, Bo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Objective: Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis, and has been shown to have potential inhibitory effects in tumors. In this study, we constructed a eukaryotic expression vector for Syk and analyzed its effects on invasive ability of the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line in vitro. Methods: A fragment of Syk was obtained by RT-PCR from human lung cancer cells and cloned into the expression vector pLNCXSyk. After restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing confirmation, the recombinant Syk expression plasmid was transfected into A549 human lung cancer cells using lipofectamine protocols. After selection, the cells stably expressed Syk. Detection of Syk expression of the cells by RT-PCR, and invasive ability were examined. Results: The eukaryotic expression plamid pLNCXSyk was constructed and expressed stably in the A549 human lung cancer cells. The RT-PCR results showed that Syk mRNA expression was upregulated significantly (P<0.05). Lower invasion through a basal membrane were apparent after transfection (P<0.05). Conclusions: A eukaryotic expression plasmid to cause Syk expression in lung cancer cells can obviously inhibit their invasive ability in vitro.

New Permeable Structure for Controlling Debris Flows in the Wenjiagou Gully

Yu-feng Liang,Chuan Liang,Hongwei Zhou,Feng-rong Yang,Miao Huo,Jia-wen Zhou 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.11

Aimed to control debris flows more effectively, we attempt to develop a new structure called a “sloping roof grill dam”, which consists of guidance walls, separation grills and lateral deposit areas. A series of flume tests were performed to verify the function of this new structure, focusing on the trapping efficiency (β ), deceleration efficiency (μ) and coarse-fine sediment separation extents (η) under different conditions of structure and debris flows. Experimental results show that both the trapping and deceleration efficiency increase with a decrease in permeability, whereas the separation extent shown the opposite effect. Multiple regression analysis indicates that β and η are linearly dependent on the permeability, deceleration efficiency and magnitudes of debris flow. In addition, an increase in beam gap can lead to an increase in the impact area downstream for the debris flow after the control of the structure. Finally, a two-level installation of the structure is tested to determine whether there is an enhancement of the debris control, which indicated that although the trapping effect of the two-level structure is considerably greater than that of a single-level structure (2.11 times at maximum), the separation extent of the two-level structure is not distinct and may be even lower.

Biphasic effects of TGFβ1 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

( Rui Dong Li ),( Zhong Liang Deng ),( Ning Hu ),( Xi Liang ),( Bo Liu ),( Jin Yong Luo ),( Liang Chen ),( Liang Jun Yin ),( Xiao Ji Luo ),( Wei Shui ),( Tong Chuan He ),( Wei Huang ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2012 BMB Reports Vol.45 No.9

We have found that the previously uncharacterized bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) is one of the most osteogenic factors. However, it is unclear if BMP9 cross-talks with TGFβ1 during osteogenic differentiation. Using the recombinant BMP9 adenovirus, we find that low concentration of rhTGFβ1 synergistically induces alkaline phosphatase activity in BMP9-transduced C3H10T1/2 cells and produces more pronounced matrix mineralization. However, higher concentrations of TGFβ1 inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic activity. Real-time PCR and Western blotting indicate that BMP9 in combination with low dose of TGFβ1 potentiates the expression of later osteogenic markers osteopontin, osteocalcin and collagen type 1 (COL1a2), while higher concentrations of TGFβ1 decrease the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin but not COL1a2. Cell cycle analysis reveals that TGFβ1 inhibits C3H10T1/2 proliferation in BMP9-induced osteogenesis and restricts the cells in G0/G1 phase. Our findings strongly suggest that TGFβ1 may exert a biphasic effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. [BMB Reports 2012; 45(9): 509-514]

Erratum to: Biphasic effects of TGFβ1 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

( Rui-dong Li ),( Zhong-liang Deng ),( Ning Hu ),( Xi Liang ),( Bo Liu ),( Jinyong Luo ),( Liang Chen ),( Liangjun Yin ),( Xiaoji Luo ),( Wei Shui ),( Tong-chuan He ),( Wei Huang ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2021 BMB Reports Vol.54 No.5

Experimental and numerical analysis on the effect of inlet distortion on the performance of a centrifugal fan with a mixing chamber

Liang Ding,Tong Wang,Bo Yang,Chuan-gang Gu 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.2

Inlet flow distortions, which are caused by fluid mixing, cause a significant deterioration in fan performance. An experimental test rig for an industrial fan with dual inlets and a mixing chamber was constructed. The flow fields in the mixing chamber of the fan were numerically investigated. Consequently, impact parameters, including the length of the mixing chamber (100, 200, and 300 mm) and the mass flow rate ratio (1 to 10), as well as their effects on fan performance, were discussed. A generalized formula considering the Reynolds number, hydraulic diameter, and mixing length was proposed to predict the pressure drop in dual inlets. Results show that the efficiency of and pressure in the fan decreased by 6.5% and 203 Pa, respectively, under mixing inlet condition. Optimum fan performance is achieved at a flow rate ratio of 5 under the same mass flow rate. The increase in the flow rate ratio kept the fan performance almost constant. At the design stage, fan performance and pressure decrease by an average of 2% and 70 Pa in increments of 100 mm mixing length, respectively. The results presented in this paper provide a basis in the design optimization of mixing structures.

A Variable Neighbourhood Descent Algorithm for the Redundancy Allocation Problem

Liang, Yun-Chia,Wu, Chia-Chuan Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2005 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.4 No.1

This paper presents the first known application of a meta-heuristic algorithm, variable neighbourhood descent (VND), to the redundancy allocation problem (RAP). The RAP, a well-known NP-hard problem, has been the subject of much prior work, generally in a restricted form where each subsystem must consist of identical components. The newer meta-heuristic methods overcome this limitation and offer a practical way to solve large instances of the relaxed RAP where different components can be used in parallel. The variable neighbourhood descent method has not yet been used in reliability design, yet it is a method that fits perfectly in those combinatorial problems with potential neighbourhood structures, as in the case of the RAP. A variable neighbourhood descent algorithm for the RAP is developed and tested on a set of well-known benchmark problems from the literature. Results on 33 test problems ranging from less to severely constrained conditions show that the variable neighbourhood descent method provides comparable solution quality at a very moderate computational cost in comparison with the best-known heuristics. Results also indicate that the VND method performs with little variability over random number seeds.

Design of a Bidirectional DC/AC Converter with Battery Charging/Discharging/Standing Balance Control

Liang-Rui Chen,Bo-Rui Xu,Chuan-Sheng Liu,Shao-wei Peng,Chia-Hsuan Wu 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Battery cells connected in series have been widely used in high-voltage and high-power applications. In this paper, a single-phase battery energy storage system with battery balance charging, battery balance discharging, and power factor correction capabilities was developed. A prototype suitable for a single-phase 110V power supply was designed and implemented for verification. To verify its performance, three 48V/7Ah battery modules were used as normal batteries, and a 48V/5Ah battery module was used as a retired battery. The experimental results showed that the battery energy storage system has excellent battery balancing capability. Compared with that of the conventional system without balanced control, the balancing performance of the proposed system is increased by about 15.25% and 26.92%, respectively, when the system was operated in the converter and rectifier modes. In addition, the proposed system also had battery fault tolerance, and was compatible with recycled batteries and an independent power supply.