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민춘기,이명효,임종은 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.1
In this study, researcher examined 50 phys:(a) teachers to check the dismissing class caused by teachers official trip and rate of missing lecture and supplementary lecture of physical class. Also, the researcher analysised the learning contents classified by learning territory and mode condusions and suggestions like followings. 1. The rate of physical teachers' official trip is outstanding on October by 166per a month (M=3.32) And September, May, July, June are followed 2. After comparing 28 teachers' official trip rate in the charge of an athletic club 22 teachers' official trip rate not in charge of an athletic club, it was shown that the former was higher than in O. T. R except for April, May November, December, Feburary between two group showed meaningful distinction (P〈0.05, P〈0.01) 3. In the rate of missing lecture and supplementary lecture of physical class, average dismissing class caused by physical teachers official trip was 22.06, and 32.42 for teachers in the charge of athletic club and 8.86 for teachers not in charge of athletic of athlectic club. This fact was considered as meaningful clistinction (P〈0.05) 4. After analysing the learning contents by grade, it was known that ball games were carried on most often by all grade. Gymnastic, tracks and athlectic theory class were followed. Outdoor activity, recreation activity, health edacation, audio-Visual education were hardly carried out but a few hours.
위도와 고도에 따른 낙엽낙지 유입량 및 낙엽 분해율의 변화 연구
이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),윤태경 ( Tae Kyung Yoon ),한새롬 ( Sae Rom Han ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손영모 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-
본 연구는 위도와 고도에 따른 소나무림과 참나무림의 연간 낙엽낙지 유입량과 낙엽 분해율의 변화를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 우리나라 전 지역에 20 m × 20 m 크기의 54개 조사구를 설치하고 낙엽틀과 낙엽봉지을 이용하여 2011년 5월부터 2012년 4월까지 낙엽낙지 유입량과 낙엽 분해율을 추정하였다. 그리고 위도와 고도에 따른 낙엽낙지 유입량과 낙엽 분해율의 변화는 ANCOVA로 검정하였다. 소나무림과 참나무림의 평균 낙엽낙지 유입량은 각각 5.52±2.16, 5.68±1.83Mg ha-1 yr-1이었으며, 평균 낙엽 분해상수(k)는 각각 0.39±0.12, 0.44±0.17로 나타났다. 낙엽 분해율은 소나무림보다 참나무림에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 한편 낙엽낙지 유입량은 위도에 따라 감소하고, 낙엽 분해율은 위도와 고도에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 본 연구에서 나타난 위도와 고도에 따른 낙엽낙지 유입량과 낙엽 분해율 감소 경향은 기존의 연구 결과들과 일치한다. 이 자료는 국가 단위의 산림 내 물질순환을 추정하는데 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was designed to elucidate the variation of annual litter production and decay rate of leaf litter with latitude and altitude in pine and oak forests. We established 54 plots (20 m × 20 m) over Korea and estimated the annual litter production and decay rate of leaf litter using littertraps and litterbags from May 2011 to April 2012. The changes of annual litter production and decay rate of leaf litter with latitude and altitude were analyzed using ANCOVA analysis. The mean annual litter production was 5.52±2.16 and 5.68±1.83 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and the mean decay rate of leaf litter (k) was 0.39±0.12 and 0.44±0.17 for the pine and oak forests, respectively. The decay rate of leaf litter was higher in the oak forests than in the pine forests ( P<0.05). The annual litter production decreased with latitude and the decay rate of leaf litter decreased with latitude and altitude ( P<0.01). The decreasing trends in annual litter production and decay rate of leaf litter with latitude and altitude agreed with previous studies. This result could be used in estimating the nutrient cycle of forest ecosystem in national scale.
간으로의 다발성 낭성 전이를 보인 위의 간질종양 : A Case report
손주현,이명호,손영우,한동수,전용철,최호순,함준수,박경남,기춘석,장세진 한양대학교 의과대학 1999 한양의대 학술지 Vol.19 No.1
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms that is composed of an immature proliferation of spindle or epithelioid cells arising from the muscle layer of the gastrointestinal tract. They can be categorized into followings by light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features: myogenic GIST (leiomyoma), neurogenic GIST (schwannoma), gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor (GANT), and gastrointestinal stromal tumor not otherwise specified (GIST-NOS), the latter being most common. Although the presence of a high mitotic count is generally accepted as the best indicator of malignancy, their clinical behavior is notoriously unpredictable. Thieir most common site of metastasis is the liver. However, multiple cystic metastasis to the liver is very rare. We report a case of gastric stromal tumor with unusual multiple cystic metastasis on the liver in a 63 year-old man. The tumor showed neither neural nor myogenic differentiation in immunohistochemical study, but CD34 positive.
RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구
이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1
산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.
해외 산림토양탄소모델 분석을 통한 한국형 모델 개발방안 연구
이아름 ( An Reum Lee ),이궁 ( Koong Yi ),손요환 ( Yow Han Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),이경학 ( Kyeong Hak Lee ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ) 한국산림과학회 2010 한국산림과학회지 Vol.99 No.6
Forest soil carbon model is a useful tool for understanding complex soil carbon cycle in forests and estimating dynamics of soil carbon to climate change. However, studies on development and application of the model are insufficient in Korea. The need for development of Korean model is now growing, because there are notable problems and limitations for adapting overseas models in Korea to meet the requirements of the international organizations such as IPCC, which demands highly reliable data for national reports. Therefore, we have studied 7 overseas forest soil carbon models (CBM-CFS3, CENTURY, Forest-DNDC, ROMUL, RothC, Sim-CYCLE, YASSO), analyzed and compared their structure, decomposition mechanism, initializing process and, input and output data. Then we evaluated applicability of these models in Korea with three criteria; availability of input data, performance of model, and possibility of regional modification. Finally, a systematic process for applying a new model was suggested based on these analyses.
NIgA 신병증을 동반한 자가면역성 간염과 원발성 담관성 간경변증의 Overlap Syndrome 1 예
한동수,이명호,장세진,조균석,기춘석,전용철,박문향,김호중,노우균,손주현 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.32 No.6
The case in which patients present clinical, biological, and histological features of both primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is rare. Such overlap syndrome is believed to be associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of PBC-AIH overlap syndrome associated with IgA nephropathy. The patient showed hepatitic and nephritic features including easy fatigability, pruritus, icteric sclera and gross hematuria. The liver biopsy showed chronic hepatitis with piecemea necrosis and bridging necrosis. The clinical data of high titers of antinuclear antibodies and antimi tochondrial antibodies, elevated serum IgM and recurrent pruritus, suggest mixed features of AIH and PBC. IgA nephropathy was confirmed by renal biopsy. High dose of corticosteroids was effective initially, but clinical symptoms were relapsed after tapering the administration of corticosteroids. Thus, azathioprine was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. A dramatic improvement was noted in clinical conditions and liver tests.
Hagyoul Bae,Sungwoo Jun,Choon Hyeong Jo,Hyunjun Choi,Jaewook Lee,Yun Hyeok Kim,Seonwook Hwang,Hyun Kwang Jeong,Inseok Hur,Woojoon Kim,Daeyoun Yun,Euiyeon Hong,Hyojoon Seo,Dae Hwan Kim,Dong Myong Kim IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.8
<P>We propose a modified conductance method for extraction of the subgap density of states (DOS) in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors by using the measured capacitance and conductance through the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement. In the proposed method, the subgap DOS [g<SUB>A</SUB>(E)] is extracted from the frequency-dispersive C-V characteristics by localized traps in the active channel region. The extracted g<SUB>A</SUB>(E) shows a superposition of the exponential tail states and the exponential deep states over the bandgap (N<SUB>TA</SUB> = 3 × 10<SUP>18</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> · eV<SUB>-1</SUB>, N<SUB>DA</SUB> = 2.8 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> · eV-1, kT<SUB>TA</SUB> = 0.04 eV, and kT<SUB>DA</SUB> = 0.77 eV). We note that the gate-bias-dependent Cfree by free electron charges can be separated from C<SUB>loc</SUB> by localized trap charges through the proposed method.</P>