Feminine identity and The ethics in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of darkness

( Choi¸ Hyun Sook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.2

This paper analyzes the feminine identity and the ethics of care through Joseph Conrad’s Heart of darkness. Feminine identity, a concept opposite to the traditional self, raises an alternative for harmonious coexistence within feminine paradigm. In Heart of darkness, Marlow, who recognizes a helmsman as a human being, forms feminine identity out of the male-centered self. After building a ‘concrete’ relationship with the helmsman, he comes to have a thoughtful sensibility by abandoning the logical reason. Malow’s awakening, moreover, reaches its peak by women. He acknowledges the limitation of a male-centered thinking when facing two other women. At this moment his dichotomous thinking on each flowed women collapses, so that he could avoid the conceptual confrontation of civilization/savagery and men/women. In light of Gilligan’s theory, Marlow proves that he is not a sexist or imperial advocate but a person of empathy with others. His intention of his lie to Kurtz’s fiancée is to protect her from unnecessary pain, not to shame her as her theory. Feminine identity leads to ‘coexistence’ with others through the sensitivity of care for others.

경북지역 주부들의 전통 부엌 세간의 보유 현황 및 이용실태 조사 연구

한재숙,최영희,조연숙,변재옥,한경필,김현옥,정종기,최석현 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Housewives residing in the Kyongsang-Buk-do area were surveyed to determine their ownership of Korean traditional kitchen appliances and their usages. A breakdown of the appliances for the survey was as follows: 16 tableware, 17 household utensils, 15 heating utensils, 14 ceramic and earthen pottery, 6 stone utensils, 9 cooking utensils, 9 utensils made of the dried bamboo and bush clover, and 13 dining tables ("sang"). The types of the appliances with the largest ownerships and most frequently used were as follows: The jeopsi was most frequently owned, followed by the daejeop and the jaengban. The most frequently used item was the jubal,, followed by the daejeop and the jeopsi. Among the wooden utensils, bangmangi was most frequently owned, followed by the chanjang, the che, the doe, mal and hop. The most frequently used household utensil was the chanjang, followed by the takjasang and the doe, mal and hop. The utensil the most people owned for heating was the jujeonja, followed by the seoksoe, the musoesot and the siru. The most frequently used utensil for heating was the jujeonja, the musoesot and the seoksoe, in the order. As for the ceramic and earthen pottery, hangari and dok were owned and used most frequently. The maetdol and the jeolgu, though very low in their ownership rate, were most frequently owned items among the stoned utensils. The kal and the doma were the most frequently owned and used cooking utensils. The sokuri, and the chaeban and the baguni were the most frequently owned among the utensils made of the dried bamboo, bush clover and straw, while the sokuri was used the most frequently, followed by the chaeban and the jori. Among the dining tables, the kyojasang was the item most frequently owned, followed by the seonban and the chaeksangban, while the wonban was the most frequently used, followed by the kyojasang and the chaeksangban.

농촌지역 노인들의 우울증상에 관련된 요인들의 특성

송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.

Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Young-Chul Kim,Hyun-Hee Chae,Sang-Heock Oh,Seung-Ho Choi2,Moon-Pyo Hong3,Gi-Heum Nam,Jae-Yoon Choi,Hyun-Sook Choi,Kyu-Song Lee 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

제7차 「기술 · 가정」 교과에 대한 학생의 인식

최지혜,장현숙 경북대학교 사범대학 부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.2

본 연구는 2001학년도부터 시행되어 온 제7차 교육과정에서 「기술 · 가정」 교과에 대한 학생의 인식을 알아보는 데 목적이 있으며, 이를 위해 2004학년도 12월 현재 대구광역시에 소재한 7학년부터 10학년까지의 학생 1065명을 조사한 결과 다음과 같이 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 첫째, 「기술 · 가정」 교과에 대한 학생의 인식에서 성별에 따라서는 여학생이 남학생보다 「기술 · 가정」 교과를 더 실용적으로 인식하고 있었으며, 학년에 따라서는 9학년 학생이 다른 학년의 학생보다 「기술 · 가정」 교과에 대한 흥미도, 중요도, 실용도가 낮게 나타났고, 운영형태에 따라서는 7학년 학생이 전담지도보다는 분담지도의 경우 더 흥미있어하고 덜 어려워하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학생의 흥미도, 중요도, 실용도, 난이도의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 실용적인 것을 중요하게 여기고, 흥미가 있으면 중요하게 여기고 중요한 것에 흥미를 나타내며, 실용적인 것에 흥미를 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며, 어려울수록 흥미를 잃는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this research was to find the perception of students on the subject 「technology and home economics」 in the 7th national curriculum. For this research, questionnaires were sent by post to middle school students and first graders in high school. Then they were collected. The number of students' questionnaires was 1082 and 1065 questionnaires were used for being analyzed. The results of this research were summarized as follows. 1) Students' perception about the subject, technology and home economics, was affected by sex, grade, and implementation types. Girls' perception on the subject was more practical than boys'. Students in the 9th grade showed lower interest, importance, practicality on the subject than those in the other grades. According to implementation types, students in the 7th grade showed more interests in the partial charge than in the whole charge. 2) Considering correlation among interest, importance, practicality and difficulty, they thought of practical things as important and when they were interested in some things, they thought them important. They got interested in what they thought important and practical. And the more difficult the subject was, the less interested they were in it.

수영복의 소재와 패턴구성에 관한 연구

崔仁麗,安賢淑 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 1992 生活文化硏究 Vol.6 No.-

We selected two swimsuit materials sold in the market. Then, We measured the weight, the rate of fiber mix. tensile strength. elongation and colors of them. After treating those two fabrics in sea water and chlorinated pool water. separately and alternately, exposed to ultraviolet for 25SFH. 5OSFH. 100SFH and 150SFH each, we surveyed the tensile strength and change of colors. and got the conclusions there fore. 1. The tricot knits composed of nylon/spandex is lighter, shows higher tensile strength, better fittness to the body and higher reflective finish than the plain stitch composed of acrylic/cotton/spandex, but the degradation of fabrics and the change of colors by sunlight. sea water. chlorinated pool water was a problem. 2. In almost all testing fabrics. the tensile strength became weaker as the exposed time to ultra violet went longer. and the strength was weakened most in the alternately treated fabric. then chlorinated pool water. sea water were next in order. 3. All testing fabrics showed change of colors by the exposure to ultra violet. The color changed more in the tricot knits than in the plain stitch, and pink color changed more than black color in the tricot knits. Both the color of pink and black fabrics changed most when those are treated alternately between sea water and chlorinated pool water. pink color tended to become yellowish & greenish. black color tended to become yellowish & reddish. In the plain stitch and the tricot knits of each black color. The color of testing fabric treated by sea water changed more than which treated by chlorinated pool water. but in the pink color tricot knits the changing result was reversed between both waters. the reason of which is thought to be due to the difference of chemical structure. and the study of chemical mechanism is continuously needed to explain such result. To try the systematic pattern construction based on the property of elastomeric fabric, we measured the elongation of several swimsuit fabrics. and after modified the basic flat pattern applied to woven fabric to a pattern which could be used for swimming suit, we measured contracted degree by using the elongation of the elastomeric fabric and completed a swimsuit pattern through grading it by the Gridwork System. and cut. sewed it, and wearing the swimsuit to the body, we got conclusions therefore. 1. Those swimsuits were made by the pattern completed through grading by the Gridwork System after the contractive degree was measured through applying both wale way and course way elongations measured form every fabrics to Length Reduction Formulas and width Reduction Formulas separately. Then those swimsuits fitted to body well and showed the same shape of silhouette as a whole. 2. As the result of photographing showed, we found that those weight, texture and finish of the swimsuit fabrics have an effect on the type of clothing. That the plain stitch showed more voluminous contour than the tricot knits is due to the weight of the plain stitch fabric, and that the tricot knits shows the contour of the body better than the plain stitch is due to the high reflection by the luster of the tricot knits. 3. In the examination of wearing feeling. the plain stitch was better than the tricot knits in the synthetic feeling of comfort. The tricot knits showed higher wearing pressure than the plain stitch. The plain stitch felt softer than the tricot knits. The plain stitch was easier than tricot knits In activity. The plain stitch hardly felt uncomfort, but the tricot knits felt tension or coarseness in under part of the hip and shoulder line. This is thought to be due to the difference of fiber composition and fabric construction between the plain stitch and the tricot knits.

77K에서 SC(NH₂)₂의 ¹⁴N 핵사중극 공명연구

최숙자,박영민,박현진,전인,송승기,서용문 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.16 No.-

강유전체 질소화합물 thiourea [SC(NH₂)₂]분말시료의 ??plused NQR 실험을 77K 에서 실행하여 공명진동수와 핵사중극 결합상수, 비대칭인자, 완화시간등을 측정했으며, 4개의 공명선이 관측되었다. 결정내에는 주위 환경이 다른 두 종류의 질소 N₁,N₂가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. N₁에 관한 공명진동수는 ??(1)=2.6487㎒, ??(1)=2.032㎒, N₂에 대하여는 ??(2)=3.1852㎑, ??(2)=2.0183㎒이고, 공명선폭은 ??(1)=2.6752㎑, ??(1)=3.1852㎑, ??(2)=3.2618㎑, ??(2)=3.5448㎑ 임을 보였다. 한편 e²qQ/h의 값은 ν(1)에서 3.1205㎒, η는 0.3953이었으며, ν(2)에서는 3.0279㎒, 0.3939이었다. 이는 이미 보고된 결과와 일치하였다. 그리고, FID(Free Induction Decay)와 spin-echo실험을 통하여 얻은 스핀-격자 완화시간 T₁은 ??(1)에서 7.143 s, ??(2)에서 5.88 s이었으며, 스핀-스핀 완화시간 T₂는 ??(1)에서 25㎳, ??(2)에서 33.3㎳, ??(2)에서 33.3㎳의 값을 얻었다. We have measured ??N NQR frequencies, nuclear quadroupole coupling constants, asymmetric parameters and relaxation times in ferroelectric nitrogen thiourea [SC(NH2)2] at 77K, and four NQR resonance lines were observed. The results of measurements show that there are two kinds of nitrogen site, N1 and N2, with different environments in the crystal. The resonance frequencies were found to be ν+(l)=2.64 87MHz, ν_(1)=2.032 MHz for N1 and ν+(2)=2.6285MHz, ν_(2) =2.0183MHz for N2 respectively. The corresponding linewidths were ν+(1)= 2.6752kHz, Δν_(l) =3.1852kHz, ν+(2) =3.2618kHz and Δν_(2) =3.5448kHz, respectively. For N1, e2Q/h is 3.1205 MHz and η is 0.3953, and for N2, these are 3.0979MHz and 0.3939. These results are in agreement with those reported previously. The spin-lattice relaxation time (Ti) and the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) by FID and spin-echo experiments are as follows : T1(ν+(1)) is 7.143 s and T1(ν+(2)) is 5.88 s. T2(ν+(1)) is 25 ms, T2(ν_(1)) is 25 ms, T2(ν+(2)) is 33.3 ms and T2(ν_(2)) is 33.3 ms.

우리나라 산재보험의 정신질환 인정실태

최경숙,이현주,김세진,이창화 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of work-related psychiatric injuries with Korean Workers' compensation data. Methods : We analyzed the distribution of sex, age, types of work-related psychiatric disorders, type of industry and occupation. Using the data of 3175 Korean workers' compensation cases who were compensated for work-related psychiatric injuries from 2001 to 2003. Results : Work-related psychiatric injuries have increased annually. 897 cases, 1099 cases and 1179 cases were compensated during three years (2001-2003). Men accounted for many more cases than women. The most common age group was 41 -49. The majority of work-related psychiatric injuries were 'organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders', 'neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders' and 'mood [affective] disorders'. For accidental psychiatric injury cases construction and manufacturing were the most common industries. Manufacturing, business activities, construction and transport were common in regard to work-related psychiatric disorders. In this study there was a high frequency of craft and related trades workers, elementary occupations and plant and machine operators and assemblers in accidental psychiatric injury cases. Work-related psychiatric disorders were frequent for elementary occupations, plant and machine operators and assemblers, craft and related trades workers, service workers, legislators, senior officials and managers. Conclusion : This investigation provided more information about the psychiatric injuries of Korean workers. These findings should help formulate intervention and prevention strategies of work-related psychiatric disorders.

병리검사 처방오류 개선 시스템 구축

이현임,최영진,구숙희,양승주,김병로,김묘정,신일근,신미옥,서임선 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

문제: 조직병리검사의 처방이 복잡하고 전문화됨에 따라 오류처방이 빈번하게 발생되고 이를 해결하기위한 프로세스가 복잡하여 부서간의 갈등과 업무의 가중, 또한 병원 수입 감소가 초래되었다. 목적: 발생된 오류처방의 유형과 발생율, 오류처방을 해결하기 위한 프로세스를 파악하여 이에 대한 문제점을 개선하여 업무의 효율성과 관련부서간의 부가업무 감소와 갈등해소, 더불어 병원수익을 향상시키는 것에 목표를 두고 활동하였다. 의료기관: 서울시에 소재한 종합병원 질 향상 활동: 조직병리검사 처방의 오류처방 발생 원인과 유형, 발생율을 조사하여 원인을 파악하고 개선을 위한 프로세스를 구축하여 질 향상을 도모하였다. 개선효과: 수술실에서 의뢰한 외과 입원환자의 일반조직병리검사 오류율은 개선 전 7.8%에서 개선 후 3.5%, 동결절편조직검사 오류율은 개선 전 28.6%에서 개선 후 0%로 이전보다 모두 개선되었다. 또한 수술실 간호사의 업무 만족도는 일반조직병리검사의 처방시 95%, 동결절편조직검사 처방시 90%로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 단 병리과의 경우 업무가 증가됨에 따라 초과근무시간이 증가하였다.