http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
패널자료를 이용한 사과, 배, 감귤, 오렌지 수요체계 분석
임청룡 ( Qing Long Lim ),조용빈 ( Young Been Cho ),조재환 ( Jae Hwan Cho ) 한국식품유통학회 2014 食品流通硏究 Vol.31 No.3
We analyzed the fruits demand system by using Korean consumer panel pooling data. With estimating the AIDS model, we adopted Full Information Maximum Likelihood(FIML) method. And from the Likelihood Ratio(LR) test, we found that homogeneity constraint was rejected but symmetry constraint was accepted. Therefore we concluded that AIDS model with only symmetry constraint was suitable for analyzing demand for fruits. Furthermore we found that demand of Korean domestic fruits(pear, tangerine and apple) and imported orange would be bigger drop in economic recession and reducing expenditure than higher fruit price. Also, imported orange demand would not be affected by price fluctuation of Korean fruits.
Patients’ perception about opioids and addiction in South Korea
( Cho Long Kim ),( Sung Jun Hong ),( Yun Hee Lim ),( Jae Hun Jeong ),( Ho Sik Moon ),( Hey Ran Choi ),( Sun Kyung Park ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Hakjong You ),( Jae Hun Kim ) 대한통증학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.3
Background: Chronic pain affects approximately 22% of the world’s population. Opioids can be useful in chronic pain management. However, some patients have negative perception of opioids. The purpose of this research was to evaluate patients’ perception about opioids and investigate problems associated with prescribing and taking opioids in South Korea. Methods: Patients who visited a pain clinic in 14 university hospitals of South Korea from September through October 2018 were asked to complete anonymous questionnaires about taking opioids. Results: Of the 368 patients that were surveyed (female 53.3%, male 46.7%), 56.8% were prescribed opioids. In the opioid group, 92.8% patients had heard of opioids from their doctor and 72.6% of them had a positive perception about opioids. The side effects associated with opioid use were constipation (35.4%), dizziness (24.6%), nausea and vomiting (17.4%), dysuria (6.2%), and addiction (2.0%). In the no opioid group, the primary sources of information about opioids were doctors (49.2%), mass media (30.8%), and the internet (16.2%). The main reasons why 39.0% patients did not take opioids were fear of addiction (57.7%) and side effects (38.5%). There were 71.5% and 60.9% patients in the opioid and no opioid group, respectively, who wished to take opioids when their numeric rating scale pain score was ≥ 7. Conclusions: Perception of opioids among patients who take them was either neutral or positive. However, 39.0% patients who have not been prescribed opioids did not want an opioid prescription, citing fear of addiction and side effects as the primary reasons.
Cho, S.B.,Lee, H.J.,Chung, I.B.,Long, H.F.,Lim, J.S.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2
This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two energy levels and four lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratios on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted using a $2{\times}4$ randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates. Twenty-four cross-bred finishing barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight of $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ were assigned to one of eight treatments. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and dietary treatment and water was provided ad libitum. Diets were designed to contain lysine:ME ratios of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 g/Mcal at 3.35 and 3.6 Mcal/kg of diet in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Dry matter (DM), ash, Ca and P digestibility were not affected by energy density or lysine:DE ratios. Crude fat digestibility increased as the energy density increased from 3.35 to 3.6 Mcal of DE/kg. Increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased crude protein digestibility. There were no interactions between energy density and lysine:DE ratio in terms of nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen excretion via feces was not affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio, while nitrogen excretion via urine was significantly affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for isoluecine, arginine and aspartic acid as well as average values of essential amino (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acid digestibility (p>0.05) were not affected by energy density. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for leucine, proline, alanine and tyrosine, NEAA and total amino acid digestibility were significantly affected by lysine: DE ratio (p<0.05). Interactive effects of energy and lysine:DE ratio also significantly affected amino acid digestibility except for isoleucine, alanine, cystine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamine and proline (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that maintaining the appropriate lysine:DE ratio becomes more important as the energy density of the diet increases. Consequently, increasing the lysine:DE ratio can result in increased crude protein digestibility and urinary nitrogen excretion, although apparent protein digestibility and nitrogen excretion were not affected by energy density Furthermore, increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased the apparent digestibility of essential amino acids, except for leucine, regardless of energy density. The optimum lysine:DE ratio for maximum essential amino acid digestibility of the $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ pig is approximately 2.4 g of lysine/Mcal of DE.
Jung, Cho-long,Park, Seung-Chul,Lim, Hyuneui American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.43
<P>Surface-reinforced chitosan nanoparticles were used instead of polystyrene nanoparticles in the nanostructuring of antireflective, self-cleaning surfaces. Nanosphere lithography is a fascinating method to fabricate functional surfaces, but a large amount of nanoparticles are used and drained. Because synthetic polymer nanoparticles cause serious ecological and biological problems, the preparation of spherical nanoparticles was attempted with biodegradable, natural polymers, including chitosan and cellulose for application in nanosphere lithography. Chitosan nanospheres can be formed with a controlled size and surface charge, whereas cellulose spherical nanoparticles are hard to make. Therefore, chitosan nanoparticles were chosen and enclosed with trichloro(phenyl)silane to enhance their stability under plasma etching. A monolayer of the surface-reinforced chitosan nanoparticles was coated on a glass surface via a floating method for nanosphere lithography to act as a mask under reactive ion etching. After etching, the nanostructured glass showed a 2% increased transmittance compared with bare glass at 550 nm due to an antireflective effect. Moreover, the nanostructured glass with perfluoropolyether coating had a water contact angle of 152° and exhibited superhydrophobicity and a self-cleaning effect. This work addresses the issues of ecofriendly nanostructuring based on biodegradable, natural polymer nanoparticles for energy- and water-saving applications of nanostructured surfaces, by demonstrating the practical utilization of chitosan nanoparticles in nanosphere lithography.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
( Jeong Heo ),( Wan-Long Chuang ),( Yan Luo ),( Mong Cho ),( Chi-Jen Chu ),( Kwang-Hyub Han ),( Jia-Horng Kao ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Chun-Yen Lin ),( Jin-Woo Lee ),( Cheng-Yuan Peng ),( Young-Suk Lim 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Background: Approximately 45-50% of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in South Korea and Taiwan are genotype (GT) 1b. Previous phase 3 studies demonstrated that the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen of ombitasvir (OBV), ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir (PTV/r; identified by Abbvie and Enanta) and dasabuvir (DSV) was well tolerated and achieved sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) in 99% of treatment-naive and 100% of treatment- experienced patients with HCV GT1b. ONYX-I (NCT02517515) was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety in Asian patients with HCV GT1b infection without cirrhosis. Methods: Treatment-naive and IFN-based therapy-experienced patients with HCV GT1b infection in South Korea, Taiwan, and China were randomized 1:1 to receive either OBV/PTV/r (25 mg/150 mg/100 mg once daily) and DSV (250 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks during the double-blind (DB) period. Patients in the placebo arm subsequently received OBV/PTV/r + DSV for 12 weeks during the open-label period. Patients will be followed for 48 weeks after last dose of study drugs. The primary objectives are to compare the SVR12 rates for the treatment-naive and -experienced patients to corresponding historical SVR rates of telaprevir + peg-interferon and ribavirin therapy, and assess the safety of the OBV/PTV/r + DSV regimen. Presented are results from the South Korean and Taiwanese populations. Results: In both South Korea and Taiwan, 120 patients were randomized and treated. Of South Korean patients, 45% were male, 33% were treatment-experienced and 89% had F0-F1 fibrosis. Of Taiwanese patients, 39% were male, 33% were treatment-experienced, and 87% had F0-F1 fibrosis. Safety data and SVR at post-treatment week 4 will be presented. Conclusions: The ONYX-I study is evaluating the safety and efficacy of DAA regimen, OBV/PTV/r + DSV, in Southeast Asian patients without cirrhosis infected with HCV GT1b. Resultant data may help inform treatment guidelines for HCV GT1b in this population.