주요 우울증에서 종양괴사인자-베타 유전자의 다형성

전태연,배치운,김영호,장계호,이정태,박원명,김광수 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 주요 우울증은 역학적 유전연구 등을 통하여 유전적 영향이 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 최근에는 분자 유전학적 연구로 유전자 다형성과 질병의 연관성을 밝히는 것이 정신질환의 유전학적 연구에서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중추신경계와 면역계간의 상호작용에 관여하는 싸이토카인 중 TNF-β 유전자의 다형성을 분석하여 주요 우울증과의 유전학적 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV에 의하여 주요 우울증으로 진단된95명을 환자군으로 선정하였고 가톨릭조혈모세포정보은행에서 보유하고 있는 정상 한국인 202명의 자료를 정상 대조군으로 사용하였다. 전혈에서 DNA를 추출하고 TNF-β 유전자 부위를 증폭한 후 제한효소 Nco Ⅰ으로 절단하여 555bp와 185bp의 절편을 갖는 TNFB*1과 Nco Ⅰ절단부가 없는 740bp의 절편 TNFB*2등 2가지 대립유전자의 제한효소절편길이 다형성을 조사하였다. 모든 자료의 분석은 x²검증을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 1) 주요 우울증과 정상 대조군 간에 TNFB유전자인 TNFB*1/1, TNFB*1/2 및 TNFB*2/2의 발현 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 두 군 간에 TNFB*1 과 TNFB*2 두 대립유전자의 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 주요 울울증군과 정상 대조군 간에 TNFB*1과 TNFB*2의 두 대립유전자 발현 빈도에 유의한 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 따라서 TNFB 유전자다형성과 주요 우울증과의 유전학적인 연관성이 없었다. 향후 연구에서는 다양한 임상변인을 포함하여 보다 통합적이고 체계적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되었다. Objective : Major depressive disorder is known to have high genetic predisposition and the main focus of recent genetic studies in major depressive disorder has been concentrated on association studies between genetic polymorphism and disease, since molecular genetic methods have been developed. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between major depressive disorder and immunogenetic influences by analyzing polymorphism of TNFB gene, which is involved in interaction of immune system and CNS. Method : 95 persons who had been diagnosed of major depressive disorder were assigned as patient group and, 202 data obtained from Catholic hemopoietic stem cell bank, College of medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, were used as normal controls in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, thereafter amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and digested by Nco Ⅰ.After that procedure, we obtained and assessd restriction fragment length polymorphism of two alleles, TNFV*1 which has 555bp and 185bp fragments and carries the Nco Ⅰ restriction site, and TNFB*2 of 740 bp fragment lacks the Nco Ⅰ restriction site. All data were analyzed by x²test with two-tailed Fisher's exact test. Results : 1) The frequencies of TNFB*1/1, TNFB*1/2, and TNFB*2/2 were not statistically different between major depressive disorder patients and control group. 2) The frequencies of TNFB*2 and TNFB*1 were not statistically different between major depressive disorder patient group and normal control group. Conclusion : We did not verified the differences of frequency in TNFB*1/TNFB*2 gene between the major depressive disorder and normal controls, respectively. Consequently, there is no genetic relationship between major depressive disorder and gene polymorphism of TNFB. We do suggest that further systematic studies including various clinical variables should be conducted.

Risperidone 조기 중단군 및 장기 유지군의 임상적 특성 비교

김광수,박원명,전태연,배치운,김대진,백인호,이철,김정수,한상익,최보문,장계호,고효진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : Risperidone 투여후 조기 중단한 환자들과 장기적으로 계속 risperidone을 복용하고 있는 환자의 임상적 특성을 평가하고 나아가 risperidone장기 유지와 조기 중단의 요인을 분석하고 정신병리가 약물 투여에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 부속 8개 병원 정신과에서 risperidone을 투여 시작한 환자 580명중 DSM-IV기준에 의해 정신분열병으로 진단받고 투여 기간이 6개월 미만(조기 중단군)이거나 2년 이상(장기 유지군)을 경과하였으며 의무기록의 누락이 없는 210명을 선정하였다. 두 군간 임상적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인구학적 변인, 정신병리학적 변인, 약물 투여기록 및 부작용 등을 과거 의무기록을 근거로 평가하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 210명 중 조기 중단군이 67명(31.9%)이었고 장기 유지군은 143명(68.1%)이었으며 두 군간 인구학적 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 변인과 정신병리학적 변인에 따른 특징에는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 두 군간 risperidone의 시작 용량과 최대 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 유지용량은 조기 중단군에서 4.49(±1.44)mg,장기 유지군에서 3.67(±1.50)mg으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=3.698, p<0.05). 또한, 이전 항정신병약물의 사용 기왕력 변인에서 조기 중단군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 39명(58.2%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 27명(40.3%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 1명(1.5%)이었고, 장기 유지군은 기왕력이 없는 환자가 58명(40.6%), 고역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 77명(53.8%), 저역가 항정신병약물을 사용한 기왕력이 있는 환자는 8명(5.6%)으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구결과에 의하면 가급적 환자 상태에 따라 낮은 최적 치료 용량을 투여하는 것이 장기잔의 투여를 바람직한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구와 같은 대규모의 후향적 자연적 연구는 일반 실제 진료에서 risperidone의 효과 및 기타 다른 측면에서의 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대된다. Objective : This retrospective naturalistic study was designed to compare the clinical characteristics including psychopathology of two groups of patients, long-term maintenance group and short-term drop-out group, who were taking risperidone. Method : Datas were collected for 210 schizophrenic patients with complete medical records among 580 patients who were enrolled with risperidone administration from January 1996 to December 1996 in 8 affiliated hospital of the Catholic University. The short-term drop-out patients group were assigned to whom treatment period was less than 6 month, and the long-term maintained patients group, treatment period was more than 2 years. We assessed demographics, psychopathology, and other variables related with medication based on past medical records. Results : Among subjects of 210, short-term drop-out patients group were 67(31.9%) and long-term maintained patients group were 143(68.1%). Demographics and psychopathology were not significantly different between two groups. The stating and maximal dosage of risperidone was not significantly different between two groups but the maintenance dosage of risperidone was lower in long-term medicated patients group than short-term drop-out patients group(t=3.698, p<0.05). Additionally, the result of this study showed differences in experiences of past antipsychotic use as following. The number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 39(58.2%), the number of high potency amtipsychotic use was 27(40.3%), and the number of no previous use of antipsychotic was 58(40.6%), the number of high potency ntipsychotic use was 77(53.8%), the number of low potency antipsychotic use was8(5.6%) in long-term maintained group.(x²=6.559, df-=2, p<0.05). Conclusions : According to these results, administration of low therapeutic dosage should be recommended for long-term maintenance as if possible. Multi-center based retrospective naturalistic study like this would be useful for getting informations about efficacy and some other aspects of antipsychotic administration in practial field.

퀴논 - 디아민 부가물계 고성능 도료용 수지

이치규 ( Chi Giu Lee ) 한국유화학회 1996 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.13 No.1

We have prepared diamine-benzoquinone polymer which was known to excellent water proofing, high adhesion strength and good anti-corrosive effect, and have investigate with the possibility of application as a high performance resin for coatings. First of all, the reactivity of diamine-benzoquinone has been described an example of polymer reaction with research trend. The polymer reaction was divided into the polymerization with several diamine-benzoquinone and urethane group. The synthetic resin was shown a high solubility. In case of polymer containing urethane, water absorption content, water proofing and mechanical properties were controlled with the content, water proofing and mechanical properties were controlled with the content of quinone. It was shown that an use of choice was a possible result for various coatings. Diamine-qunone polymer can be used as a new resin for coatings. In addition, the polymer containing a functional group was shown a useful applicability as a high performance resin.

Polycarbonate / Polyamide 6 블랜드의 상용성에 관한 연구

박태욱,이치규,허정림 ( Tae Wook Park,Chi Giu Lee,Jung Rim Haw ) 한국공업화학회 1993 공업화학 Vol.4 No.3

PC/PA6 블랜드를 세 가지 서로 다른 방법으로 블랜드한 후 이들의 상용성에 관하여 조사하였다. DSC에 의한 열적 성질 측정결과, Tg는 전 조성에 있어 각각의 온도부근에서 나타나며, 융점과 결정화온도는 큰 변화가 없었다. SEM관찰 역시 PC, PA6 블랜드는 각각 5%의 아주 낮은 조성에서부터 상분리가 확인되었다. 또한 실험적으로 측정된 Tg값을 Flory- Huggins식에 도입하여 polymer-polymer interaction parameter(χ_(12))값을 계산한 결과, solution casting, solution precipitation, 압출블랜드의 경우 0.0381, 0.0411, 0.0418로 각각 계산되었으며, χ_(12)의 임계값 (χ_(12))_c가 0.0271로 계산됨에 따라 결국 PC/PA6 블랜드는 전 조성에 걸쳐 상용성이 부족하였다. A series of polycarbonate(PC)/polyamide 6(PA6) blends were prepared by three different blending methods to investigate their compatibility. From the DSC results, all of these blends have two Tg`s in their own Tg regions, and there was no significant depression of the melting point and the crystallization temperature of PA6. With respect to the microstructure of the blends by SEM, the phase separation occured at very low blend compositions, PC/PA6 = 95/5 and 5/95, already. In addition, a method is proposed to determine the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter(χ_(12)) in polymer blend systems by using the experimentally determined Tg`s. The values of χ_(12) obtained were 0.0381, 0.0411, 0.0418, for solution casting, solution precipitation, and extrusion blending methods, respectively. These values were higher than the critical value of χ_(12), ((χ_(12))_c, 0.0271). Therefore it was concluded that the PC/PA6 blend system have little compatibility.

Gastrosplenic Fistula Complicated in a Patient with N on-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Seong Eun Yang,Jong Youl Jin,Chi Won Song,Ji Chan Park,Jee In Lee,Wook Kim,Jeana Kim,Hae Giu Lee 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.2

Reported cases of gastrosplenic fistulas are extremelyrare in the literature. Malignancy is the primary cause in50% of patients, followed by perforated peptic ulcer(40%). Fistulas can cause spleen rupture and potentialbleeding that threaten the life of the patient. Lymphomais the most common cause of malignancy complicatedwith gastrosplenic fistula. Most gastrosplenic fistulaecaused by lymphoma eventually close following chemotherapy,although splenectomy should be performed toavoid further complications.We experienced a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomacomplicated with gastrosplenic fistula in a 21 year-oldman. He was admitted to our hospital because of LUQmass.On the abdominal CT, a splenic mass with central necrosisand gas was discovered. The biopsy specimen of thestomach and spleen displayed diffuse, large B cell typenon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After one cycle of CHOP chemotherapy,the LUQ mass was markedly regressedalthough the gastrosplenic fistula was still present on thefollow-up CT. The fistula was treated by splenectomy anda partial resection of gastric fundus. Follow-up chemotherapywas continued after surgery. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:153-156)

Palladium nanoparticle-decorated 2-D graphene oxide for effective photodynamic and photothermal therapy of prostate solid tumors

Thapa, Raj Kumar,Soe, Zar Chi,Ou, Wenquan,Poudel, Kishwor,Jeong, Jee-Heon,Jin, Sung Giu,Ku, Sae Kwang,Choi, Han-Gon,Lee, You Mie,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier 2018 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.169 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Intratumoral injection of nanoparticles is a viable alternative for treating solid tumors. In this study, we used intratumorally-injected palladium nanoparticle (Pd NP)-decorated graphene oxide (GO) (GO-Pd NPs) for the treatment of solid prostate tumors. GO was synthesized using the modified Hummer’s method and GO-Pd NPs were prepared using the one pot synthesis method. Studies on physicochemical characterization and <I>in vitro/in vivo</I> anticancer properties were performed using GO-Pd NPs. Successful preparation of GO-Pd NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to GO or Pd NPs alone, GO-Pd NPs showed higher cytotoxic effects in prostate cancer 3 (PC3) cells. Irradiation of treated cells with near infrared (NIR) laser considerably enhanced apoptosis induced by synergistic photothermal effect and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Intratumorally-injected GO-Pd NPs showed promising <I>in vivo</I> localized distribution, photothermal ablation, and anti-tumor effects in the PC3 xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, the minimal organ toxicity of GO-Pd NPs was an added advantage. Hence, GO-Pd NPs could be a potential formulation for localized treatment of prostate solid tumors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GO-Pd NPs were successfully prepared. </LI> <LI> Higher cytotoxic effects were evident in PC3 prostate cancer cells. </LI> <LI> GO-Pd NPs showed the enhanced anti-tumor effects with minimal organ toxicities. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

우레탄 결합을 갖는 폴리에틸렌옥사이드와 폴리스티렌 IPN 의 열분해 반응속도 및 열안정성에 관한 연구

김용주,심인철,이치규,성용길 ( Yong Joo Kim,In Chul Sim,Chi Giu Lee,Yong Kiel Sung ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.1

우레탄 본드를 갖는 폴리에틸렌옥사이드와 폴리스티렌의 IPN을 동시중합법에 의하여 합성하고 적외선 분광기, 시차주사열량계 및 전자현미경으로 특성을 측정하였다. 전자현미경사진에서 폴리에틸렌옥사이드의 함량이 6owt%일때 상전이 현상이 일어나며 유리전이온도는 각각의 온도에서 안쪽으로 이동하였다. 열중량분석기를 사용하여 열안정성 및 열분해반응속도 파라메터를 조사하였다. 가교된 폴리에틸렌옥사이드 및 IPN에서의 열분해는 2단계 분해곡선을 나타내는데 첫단계는 우레탄본드의 분해에 기인하며 두번째 단계의 분해거동은 폴리스티렌의 양이 증가할수록 증가하는 열안정성과 관련된다고 생각된다. 열분해의 활성화 에너지는 각 고분자의 상전이 현상에 영향을 받으며 열분해 반응속도 파라메터를 각각 Ozawa, Friedman 및 Kissinger이론에 의하여 구하였다. The IPN of poly(ethylene oxide) with urethane bond and polystyrene were synthesized by a simultaneous method. The IPN were characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry and electron micrography. Electron micrographs showed the separated phases which underwent with the phase inversion at about 60wt% composition of PEO. The IPN showed inwardly shifted two Tg corresponding to the Tg of each networks. The thermal stability of the IPN were also measured using thermogravimetry. The crosslinked PEO and IPN decomposed in two stages; the first stage was caused by the creavage of urethane linkage, and the second stage by thermal stabilities of the IPN increasing with the weight fractions of crosslinked PS. The activation energies for the thermal decomposition of the IPN were affected by phase behaviours of each polymer networks. By using Ozawa, Friedman, and Kissinger, the kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition were evaluated.

지방족 copolyester 및 copolyesteramide 의 합성과 분해성 (2)

김우식,현석희,전일련,강혜정,이치규,김승환 ( Woo Sik Kim,Seok Hee Hyun,Il Ryon Jeon,Hye Jung Kang,Chi Giu Lee,Sung Hwan Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.3

이 연구에서는 촉매로서 tetraphenyltin을 사용하여 D,L-lactide (2-LA)와 β-methyl-δ-valerolactone (MVL)의 공중합체를 합성하고 그 물성을 조사하였다. 공중합체중의 lactic acid반복단위(LA)의 조성은 단량체 공급에서의 LA조성보다 높았다. 공중합체중의 그 조성은 공중합시간의 증가와 더불어 감소하였다. 그 공중합체의 수율과 분자량은 공급조성중의 LA의 증가와 더불어 증가하였다. 이들 결과는 공중합에 있어서 2-LA의 반응성이 MVL의 반응성보다 크다는 것을 뜻한다. 공중합체의 수평균분자량은 54,000에서 63,000의 범위에 있었고 다분산성지수는 1.7에서 2.1의 범위에 해당하였다. 공중합체는 융점을 나타내지 않았고 유리전이온도만 나타내었다. Lipase에 의한 공중합체의 분해성의 경향은 L-lactide-MVL 공중합체의 분해성의 경향과 거의 같았다. D,L-lactide (2-LA) was copolymerized with β-methyl-δ-valerolactone (MVL) using tetraphenyltin as a catalyst and the properties of the copolymers were investigated. The composition of the repeating unit of lactic acid in the copolymers was higher than that in the monomer feeds. The composition of the lactic acid unit in the copolymers decreased with increasing copolymerization time. The yield and the molecular weight of the copolymer increased with increasing 2-LA in the feed composition. These results suggest that the reactivity of 2-LA is larger than that of MVL. The number average molecular weight was in the range of 54,000 to 63,000 and the polydispersity index was in the range of 1.7 to 2.1. The copolymers did not show melting point, but glass transition temperature. The degradable tendency of the copolymers with lipase was almost equal to that of L-lactide-MVL copolymer.

생분해성 지방족 폴리에스테르에 관한 연구 (Ⅴ) : Copolyesterethlene / LDPE 블렌드의 열적 성질 및 기계적 성질

박태욱,강혜정,김용주,이치규 ( Tae Wook Park,Hye Jung Kang,Yong Joo Kim,Chi Giu Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.6

생분해성 고분자의 실용화 검토를 위하여 생분해성 Copolyesterethylene(CPEE)과 LDPE를 0∼100%까지 10% 간격으로 전조성에 걸쳐 용응 블렌드하였다. 각 조성에서 블렌드한 시료의 녹는점 변화, 용융 엔탈피, 결정화 온도 및 결정화 엔탈피를 시차주사열량계로 측정하여 miscibility에 관하여 고찰하였으며 만능시험기를 이용하여 인장강도 및 신장률을 측정하였다. 열분석 결과로부터 CPEE의 조성이 30%일 때까지 약간의 miscibility를 보임을 알 수 있었으며, 인장 강도값으로부터는 CPEE조성이 30∼80%를 제외한 조성에서 유용한 compatibility를 갖는 것을 알았다. SEM관찰을 통한 각 조성에서의 형태학적 모습으로부터 이들 상용성의 결과를 확인하였으며, 또한 CPEE/LDPE 블렌드 각 조성에 대한 생분해성을 미생물 접종 4주 후의 중량감소율을 측정하여 확인하였다. Blend samples of biodegradable copolyesterethylene(CPEE) with LDPE were prepared by melt-mixing through 0 to 100% per 10% interval for studying of common use of biodegradable polymer. Miscibility behavior of blend samples has been studied by observing the melting temperature change, melting enthalpy, cold crystallization temperature and crystallization enthalpy using differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that 10∼30% blend composition of CPEE had the partial miscibility from the results of thermal analysis. Valuable compatibility has been observed in all blend composition except the samples of 30∼80% CPEE component from results of mechanical properties. Morphology of blends has been observed with scanning electron microscopy. Biodegrability of CPEE/LDPE blends has been evaluated by measuring the change of weight after the inoculation with specific microorganism.

생분해성 지방족 폴리에스테르에 관한 연구 (Ⅲ) : Copolyesterethylene / EVA ( VA15% ) 블랜드의 상용성

박태욱,강혜정,김용주,이치규 ( Tae Wook Park,Hye Jung Kang,Yong Joo Kim,Chi Giu Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.5

생분해성 고분자의 실용화 검토를 위하여 생분해성 copolyesterethylene(CPEE)과 vinlyacete(VA)기가 15%인 범용 ethylenevinylacetate(EVA)를 0∼100%까지 10% 간격으로 전조성에 걸쳐 용융 블랜드하였다. 용융 블랜드한 시료의 녹는점 변화와 결정화 온도를 시차 주사 열량계로 측정하여 miscibility에 관하여 고찰하였으며 만능시험기를 이용하여 인장강도 및 신장률을 측정하였다. 녹는점 변화와 결정화 온도로부터 CPEE 조성이 10%와 90%일 때 약간의 miscibility를 보였으며, 인장강도값으로부터는 CPEE 조성이 50∼80%를 제외한 조성에서 유용한 compatibility를 갖는 것을 알았다. SEM 관찰을 통한 각조성에서의 형태학적 모습으로부터 이들 상용성의 결과를 확인하였으며, 또한 CPEE/EVA 블랜드의 생분해성은 미생물접종 전후의 시편의 변화를 Image analyzer로 관찰함으로써 확인하였다. Melt blends of copolyesterethylene(CPEE) and ethylene vinylacetate copolymer(EVA) with 15% vinylacetate content were prepared in the ratio of 0 to 100% CPEE with 10% interval for the purpose of obtaining useful biodegradable polymer system. Miscibility behavior of melt blend samples has been studied by observing the melting temperature change and cold crystallization temperature with differential scanning calorimetry. From the results of thermal analysis, it was shown that each 10% blend composition of CPEE and EVA had the partially miscibility. Useful compatibility has been observed in all blend composition except the samples of 50∼80% CPEE composition from the mechanical property study. Compatibility of these blend has been also observed with scanning electron microscopy. Biodegradability of CPEE/EVA blends has been evaluated by observing the change of specimen with Image analyzer before and after the inoculation with specific microorganism.