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The Syntax of Multiple-sluicing in Mandarin Chinese
Chengdong Wang,Jingquan Han 한국생성문법학회 2018 생성문법연구 Vol.28 No.4
Multiple-sluicing in Chinese falls into two types: pseudo multiple-sluicing and typical multiple-sluicing. In the former, the two simplex wh-arguments have the basic structure of ‘pro + shi ‘be’ + wh-phrase’ and are coordinated by a covert conjunction word. Typical multiple-sluicing can be found in the following three forms: the first one includes two discourse-linked wh-arguments, the second consists of two complex wh-adjuncts and the third is composed of a discourse-linked wh-argument and a complex wh-adjunct. This article argues that while no overt wh-movement is involved in the derivation of pseudo multiple-sluicing, typical multiple-sluicing does. Specifically, topic- prominent wh-phrases and focus-prominent wh-phrases move to [Spec, TopP] and [Spec, FocP] respectively, and a subsequent deletion of IP at PF derives a well-formed typical multiple-sluicing.
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Social stratification and housing wealth inequality in transitional urban China
Chengdong Yi,Yuyao Li,Yourong Wang,Haiyuan Wan 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2021 도시과학국제저널 Vol.25 No.1
As the Chinese economy continues to transform, housing wealth has gradually become the single largest asset in most urban households. At the same time, housing wealth inequality has worsened, and housing stratification has become a major form of social stratification in the country. However, there is no empirical evidence of temporal changes in housing wealth inequality and their implications on social stratification. Pooling three waves of survey data from the 1995, 2008, and 2013 iterations of the Chinese Household Income Project, we present a dynamic image of housing wealth inequality in urban China. The results suggest that housing wealth inequality decreased initially and increased later. To further illustrate how housing wealth is stratified by social groups, we conducted regression analyses and structural tests, which revealed three main results: the education level of the household head has an increasingly positive impact on housing wealth inequality; a household head with superior occupational status generally has an advantage in terms of possession of housing wealth with no evidence that this advantage diminishes during the transitional period; and income has a significant, positive impact on housing wealth, and this effect exhibited an increasing trend over time. These results imply that the temporal changes in housing wealth inequality exacerbated the social stratification in transitional urban China.
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Kedong Zhang,Xuhong Guo,Chengdong Wang,Xiangfeng Meng,Lining Sun,Youqiang Xing 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.5
During the dry post-machining processing of selective laser melting (SLM)-produced stainless steel with TiAlN coated tool, the elements of stainless steel chips can diff use and adhere into the coated tool surface, causing serious adhesive wear. In this study, to inhibit the adhesion problem at the tool-chip interface, surface textures with different scales (micro-, nano- and micro/nano-textures) are produced on tool rake face by laser processing before and after physical vapor deposition (PVD) TiAlN coatings deposition. To investigate the cutting performance of these developed coated tools, dry machining tests of the SLM-produced stainless steel are carried out. And, the mechanical properties of textured TiAlN coatings such as the hardness, elastic modulus and critical load are also studied to explain the results from the machining tests. It can be found that the anti-adhesive wear performance of TiAlN coated tool is improved by laser surface texturing. The texture dimension significantly affects the mechanical properties and dry cutting performance of the TiAlN coated tool, and the micro/nanotextures are found to be optimum. Meanwhile, the sequence of surface textures also has an effect on the wear performance of the developed TiAlN coated tools. In the experiment, laser surface texturing before coatings is effective in acting as a barrier against flaking of the TiAlN fi lm, providing a higher active surface for the subsequent TiAlN coatings and presenting a higher compressive residual stress. Thus, the developed cutting tool which is textured before TiAlN coatings deposition presents a milder wear compared to the developed one which is textured after TiAlN coatings deposition.
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Xiliang Liu,Song Liu,Youkun Fan,Jin Qi,Xin Wang,Wei Bai,Dongliang Chen,Chengdong Xiong,Lifang Zhang 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-
The poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLCL) ureteral stent creeps and loses shape stability, increasingthe risk of stent tube dislocation. The rubbery biodegradable cross-linked PLCL networks were preparedthrough gamma irradiation under vacuum in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA),pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PET4A), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). At a standard sterilizationdose of 25 kGy, the gel content and network density of PLCL networks increased with increasingcrosslinking agent content (1, 3, 5, 7 wt%), and crosslinking efficiency decreased in the order ofPETA > PET4A > TMPTA. The average molecular weight (Mc ) between two crosslinks ranged from 2000to 105 g/mol. To perform the beneficial semi-interpenetrated polymer network and characterized bythe principle, the networks were processed in several doses (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 kGy). In place ofthe Charlesby-Pinner equation, the irradiation cross-linking followed the Chen-Liu-Tang equation. ThePLCL network with 7 wt% PETA had a gel fraction of 83%, tensile strength of 34.7 MPa, and tensile setvalue as low as 5%. Furthermore, degradation in vitro was slowed down. Thus, PLCL networks with appropriateelasticity and flexibility, inherent biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility can provide apromising alternative method for soft tissue repair engineering, such as ureteral stents.
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