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Sinha, Anuradha,Dey, Ayan,Saletti, Giulietta,Samanta, Pradip,Chakraborty, Partha Sarathi,Bhattacharya, M. K.,Ghosh, Santanu,Ramamurthy, T.,Kim, Jae-Ouk,Yang, Jae Seung,Kim, Dong Wook,Czerkinsky, Cecil American Society for Microbiology 2016 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.23 No.7
<P>Developing countries are burdened with Shigella diarrhea. Understanding mucosal immune responses associated with natural Shigella infection is important to identify potential correlates of protection and, as such, to design effective vaccines. We performed a comparative analysis of circulating mucosal plasmablasts producing specific antibodies against highly conserved invasive plasmid antigens (IpaC, IpaD20, and IpaD120) and two recently identified surface protein antigens, pan-Shigella surface protein antigen 1 (PSSP1) and PSSP2, common to all virulent Shigella strains. We examined blood and stool specimens from 37 diarrheal patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital, Kolkata, India. The etiological agent of diarrhea was investigated in stool specimens by microbiological methods and real-time PCR. Gut-homing (alpha(4)beta(+)(7)) antibody secreting cells (ASCs) were isolated from patient blood by means of combined magnetic cell sorting and two-color enzymelinked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Overall, 57% (21 of 37) and 65% (24 of 37) of the patients were positive for Shigella infection by microbiological and real-time PCR assays, respectively. The frequency of alpha(4)beta(+)(7) IgG ASC responders against Ipas was higher than that observed against PSSP1 or PSSP2, regardless of the Shigella serotype isolated from these patients. Thus, alpha(4)beta(+)(7) ASC responses to Ipas may be considered an indirect marker of Shigella infection. The apparent weakness of ASC responses to PSSP1 is consistent with the lack of cross-protection induced by natural Shigella infection. The finding that ASC responses to IpaD develop in patients with recent-onset shigellosis indicates that such responses may not be protective or may wane too rapidly and/or be of insufficient magnitude.</P>
PPD: A Robust Low-computation Local Descriptor for Mobile Image Retrieval
( Congxin Liu ),( Jie Yang ),( Deying Feng ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.3
This paper proposes an efficient and yet powerful local descriptor called phase-space partition based descriptor (PPD). This descriptor is designed for the mobile image matching and retrieval. PPD, which is inspired from SIFT, also encodes the salient aspects of the image gradient in the neighborhood around an interest point. However, without employing SIFT`s smoothed gradient orientation histogram, we apply the region based gradient statistics in phase space to the construction of a feature representation, which allows to reduce much computation requirements. The feature matching experiments demonstrate that PPD achieves favorable performance close to that of SIFT and faster building and matching. We also present results showing that the use of PPD descriptors in a mobile image retrieval application results in a comparable performance to SIFT.
A New Shape Adaptation Scheme to Affine Invariant Detector
( Congxin Liu ),( Jie Yang ),( Yue Zhou ),( Deying Feng ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.6
In this paper, we propose a new affine shape adaptation scheme for the affine invariant feature detector, in which the convergence stability is still an opening problem. This paper examines the relation between the integration scale matrix of next iteration and the current second moment matrix and finds that the convergence stability of the method can be improved by adjusting the relation between the two matrices instead of keeping them always proportional as proposed by previous methods. By estimating and updating the shape of the integration kernel and differentiation kernel in each iteration based on the anisotropy of the current second moment matrix, we propose a coarse-to-fine affine shape adaptation scheme which is able to adjust the pace of convergence and enable the process to converge smoothly. The feature matching experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains an improvement in convergence ratio and repeatability compared with the current schemes with relatively fixed integration kernel.
( Sachan Richa ),( Prasanta Dey ),( Chaeun Park ),( Jungho Yang ),( Ji Yeon Son ),( Jae Hyeon Park ),( Su Hyun Lee ),( Mee-young Ahn ),( In Su Kim ),( Hyung Ryong Moon ),( Hyung Sik Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.2
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a novel class of anticancer agents, which can be used to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MHY4381, a newly synthesized HDAC inhibitor, against human prostate cancer cell lines and compared its efficacy with that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and other biological effects in the prostate cancer cells. We also evaluated a possible mechanism of MHY4381 on the apoptotic cell death pathway. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of MHY4381 was lower in DU145 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.31 µM) than in LNCaP (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.85 µM) and PC-3 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>=5.23 µM). In addition, the IC<sub>50</sub> values of MHY4381 measured in this assay were significantly lower than those of SAHA against prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased the levels of acetylated histones H3 and H4 and reduced the expression of HDAC proteins in the prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased G2/M phase arrest in DU145 cells, and G1 arrest in LNCaP cells. It also activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induced apoptosis in the DU145 and LNCaP cells by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and releasing cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Our results indicated that MHY4381 preferentially results in antitumor effects in DU145 and LNCaP cells via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and ROS-facilitated cell death pathway, and therefore can be used as a promising prostate cancer therapeutic.
Saletti, Giulietta,Ç,uburu, Nicolas,Yang, Jae Seung,Dey, Ayan,Czerkinsky, Cecil Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 Nature protocols Vol.8 No.6
The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay was originally developed to enumerate antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and has subsequently been adapted for various applications, including the detection cytokine-secreting cells. Owing to its exceptionally high sensitivity, the ELISPOT has proven to be especially useful for detecting discrete populations of active cells (e.g., antigen-specific cells). Because of its versatility, the ELISPOT assay is used for a wide range of applications, including clonal analyses of immune responses after vaccination or after immunotherapy. Here we describe standard protocols for the detection of human ASCs specific to virtually any vaccine antigen after enrichment of circulating plasmablasts. In addition, a protocol is described for the measurement of mucosal ASC responses after prior immunomagnetic enrichment of mucosally derived blood lymphocytes. The protocols described allow rapid (∼6–8 h) detection of specific ASCs in small (1–2 ml) samples of blood and can be performed in resource-poor settings.
Kim, Jae-Ouk,Rho, Semi,Kim, Su Hee,Kim, Heejoo,Song, Hyo Jin,Kim, Eun Jin,Kim, Ryang Yeo,Kim, Eun Hye,Sinha, Anuradha,Dey, Ayan,Yang, Jae Seung,Song, Man Ki,Nandy, Ranjan Kumar,Czerkinsky, Cecil,Kim, American Society for Microbiology 2015 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.22 No.4
<P>In developing countries, <I>Shigella</I> is a primary cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Although antibiotic therapy is an effective treatment for shigellosis, therapeutic options are narrowing due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, preventive vaccination could become the most efficacious approach for controlling shigellosis. We have identified several conserved protein antigens that are shared by multiple <I>Shigella</I> serotypes and species. Among these, one antigen induced cross-protection against experimental shigellosis, and we have named it pan-<I>Shigella</I> surface protein 1 (PSSP-1). PSSP-1-induced protection requires a mucosal administration route and coadministration of an adjuvant. When PSSP-1 was administered intranasally, it induced cross-protection against <I>Shigella flexneri</I> serotypes 2a, 5a, and 6, <I>Shigella boydii</I>, <I>Shigella sonnei</I>, and <I>Shigella dysenteriae</I> serotype 1. Intradermally administered PSSP-1 induced strong serum antibody responses but failed to induce protection in the mouse lung pneumonia model. In contrast, intranasal administration elicited efficient local and systemic antibody responses and production of interleukin 17A and gamma interferon. Interestingly, blood samples from patients with recent-onset shigellosis showed variable but significant mucosal antibody responses to other conserved <I>Shigella</I> protein antigens but not to PSSP-1. We suggest that PSSP-1 is a promising antigen for a broadly protective vaccine against <I>Shigella</I>.</P>
Russo, Paola,Ligsay, Antonio D.,Olveda, Remigio,Choi, Seuk Keun,Kim, Deok Ryun,Park, Ju Yeon,Park, Ju Yeong,Syed, Khalid Ali,Dey, Ayan,Kim, Yang Hee,Lee, Sung Hee,Kim, Jayoung,Chon, Yun,Digilio, Laura Elsevier Science 2018 Vaccine Vol.36 No.29
<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Bridging study demonstrating the equivalence of two variations of Euvichol®.</P>•<P>The 600L thimerosal-free Euvichol® is safe and immunogenic in adults and children.</P>•<P>The scale-up of Euvichol® allows expanding global access to oral cholera vaccine.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Background</B></P><P>To contribute to the global demand for oral cholera vaccine (OCV), the production of Euvichol® was scaled up with elimination of thimerosal. To demonstrate the equivalence of the variations, a study was carried out in the Philippines.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Healthy male and female adults and children in Manila were randomized to receive two doses of Euvichol® two weeks apart from either the 100L (Comparator) or the 600L (Test) variation. Primary and secondary immunogenicity endpoints were respectively geometric mean titer (GMT) of vibriocidal antibodies (two weeks post second dose) and seroconversion rate (two weeks after each dose) against O1 Inaba, Ogawa, and O139 serogroups. The GMT of vibriocidal antibodies against O1 Inaba, Ogawa, and O139 two weeks post first dose was also measured. To show the equivalence of two variations of Euvichol®, the ratio of GMT and the difference of seroconversion rate between Test and Comparator vaccines were tested with equivalence margin of [0.5, 2.0] for GMT ratio and of 15% for seroconversion rate, respectively. Safety assessment included solicited reactogenicity within 6 days after each dose and unsolicited and serious adverse events.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 442 participants were enrolled. For the overall population, equivalence between Test and Comparator was demonstrated for vibriocidal antibody response against O1 Inaba and Ogawa serotypes and O139 serogroup in both modified intention-to-treat (mITT) and per protocol analysis, since the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GMT to any serotypes were within the lower and upper boundary [0.5, 2.0]. Seroconversion rates after two doses also showed equivalence for O1 Inaba, Ogawa, and O139. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated, similarly between the two groups.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The study results support the equivalence of the 600L Euvichol® to the 100L formulation in healthy children and adults. The 600L Euvichol® is safe and immunogenic in adults and children.</P><P>ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02502331.</P></▼2>