http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Zhao, Chang-Cheng,Eun, Jong-Bang Elsevier 2018 Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol.49 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of ultrasound application on the brining kinetics of Chinese cabbage leaves was evaluated at different NaCl concentrations (10, 15, and 20%) of the brine, and its influence on textural properties and salt distribution was also investigated. To identify the effects of these two factors on water and NaCl fluxes, the kinetics of transport was analyzed by taking the diffusion theory into account. The results showed that NaCl concentration and ultrasound application significantly affected moisture and NaCl transport. Based on Fick’s equation, the NaCl effective diffusivities were enhanced upon ultrasound application during the brining process, increasing from 147.09 to 812.22%. With regard to the textural properties, a higher content of NaCl resulted in lower textural profile values. Moreover, ultrasound application significantly increased the cabbage hardness. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray mapping images showed the intensification of NaCl transport brought about by ultrasound application and by the increase in NaCl content, which confirms the results of the modeling analysis. Therefore, ultrasound could be a potential technology for accelerating the brining process of cabbage. These results have direct implications for the quality management of kimchi products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ultrasound technique was applied to improve the brining rate of Chinese cabbage. </LI> <LI> Mass transfer and salting kinetics were compared at different salting concentrations. </LI> <LI> Ultrasound could significantly increase the salting rate and textural qualities. </LI> <LI> A homogenous distribution of NaCl was observed when ultrasound was applied. </LI> <LI> Ultrasound could be a potential technology for accelerating brining process. </LI> </UL> </P>
Zhao, Chang-Cheng,Jiang, Gui-Hun,Eun, Jong-Bang Hindawi Limited 2017 Journal of food quality Vol.2017 No.-
<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drying temperature (50–70°C) and drying time (3–5 h) on the physical properties and quality of squid-laver snack (SLS) using response surface methodology combined with a synthetic evaluation method to optimize the drying process conditions. Moisture content, water activity, color (<SUP>L⁎</SUP>, <SUP>a⁎</SUP>, <SUP>b⁎</SUP>), shear force, and overall acceptability were evaluated as responses. Increased drying times and higher temperatures significantly reduced the moisture content and water activity of SLS from 9.07% to 4.76% and 0.136 to 0.056, respectively (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the <SUP>L⁎</SUP> and <SUP>a⁎</SUP> values under different drying conditions. The quadratic effect of temperature and time was observed for the <SUP>b⁎</SUP> value and overall acceptability of SLS. For shear force, a quadratic and interaction term for drying temperature and time on shear force was observed. In conclusion, the recommended optimal hot air-drying conditions for SLS are temperature and time of 70°C and 3 h, respectively.</P>
Wang Lu,Dai Ying-Jie,Cui Yu,Zhang Hong,Jiang Chang-Hao,Duan Ying-Jie,Zhao Yong,Feng Ye-Fang,Geng Shi-Mei,Zhang Zai-Hui,Lu Jiang,Zhang Ping,Zhao Li-Wei,Zhao Hang,Ma Yu-Tong,Song Cheng-Guang,Zhang Yi,Ch 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3
Background and Purpose Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) efficacy has not been well demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) beyond 4.5 hours after onset. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous TNK for AIS within 4.5 to 24 hours of onset. Methods In this pilot trial, eligible AIS patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch were randomly allocated to intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) or standard care within 4.5–24 hours of onset. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–1). The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Results Of the randomly assigned 80 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 52.5% (21/40) of TNK group and 50.0% (20/40) of control group, with no significant difference (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.66; <i>P</i>=0.82). More early neurological improvement occurred in TNK group than in control group (11 vs. 3, <i>P</i>=0.03), but no significant differences were found in other secondary endpoints, such as mRS 0–2 at 90 days, shift analysis of mRS at 90 days, and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and 7 days. There were no cases of sICH in this trial; however, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 of the 40 patients (7.5%) in the TNK group. Conclusion This phase 2, randomized, multicenter study suggests that intravenous TNK within 4.5–24 hours of onset may be safe and feasible in AIS patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch.
Zhao Hua Ren,Jing Huang,Yue Luo,Yan Cheng Zheng,Ping Mei,Lu Lai,Yan Ling Chang 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.36 No.-
The effect of different valent inorganic cations and the hydrophilic group of surfactant on themicellization behavior of binary surfactant mixtures constituted by an amphoteric surfactant, sodium3-(N-dodecyl ethylenediamino)-2-hydropropyl sulfonate (C12AS), and three nonionic surfactantsoctylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-n) with different numbers of oxyethylene glycol ethers (n),namely, OP-10, OP-7, and OP-4 was investigated in aqueous solution. These inorganic cations includeNa+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Al3+ and Fe3+. Both the tensiometry and the UV–vis spectrophotometry usingpyrene as a probe were adopted to determine the critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of individual ormixed surfactants. Interaction parameters between two surfactants and other parameters were obtainedbased on the regular solution theory, the pseudophase separation model, Rubingh’s model, etc. Thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs energy of micellization and thermodynamic stability werealso calculated by both the equation proposed by Molyneux et al. and Maeda’s treatment, respectively. The effect of different valent cations on both the mixed cmc of surfactant mixtures and the molar fractionof C12AS in mixed micelle (X1) can be explained theoretically by the salting-out effect, electrostaticinteraction and steric effect. For three binary surfactant mixtures, the chain length of hydrophilic groupof surfactant results in different micellization behaviors. On adding salts, the interaction parametersshow that there exists a synergistic effect between two surfactants, and the effect increases withincreasing the ratio of valence (Z) and atom radius (R) of cation, especially, for the C12AS/OP-4 mixture. With increasing the Z/R value of cation, a deviation of X1 from the ideal value shows a divergence forthree binary surfactant mixtures because of different hydrophilicities of surfactant. Thermodynamicparameters indicate that the addition of cations with a large Z/R value can be contributive moreeffectively to the formation of stable mixed micelle than the case in the presence of cations with a smallZ/R value.
Analysis and Design of a Separate Sampling Adaptive PID Algorithm for Digital DC-DC Converters
Chang, Changyuan,Zhao, Xin,Xu, Chunxue,Li, Yuanye,Wu, Cheng'en The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.6
Based on the conventional PID algorithm and the adaptive PID (AD-PID) algorithm, a separate sampling adaptive PID (SSA-PID) algorithm is proposed to improve the transient response of digitally controlled DC-DC converters. The SSA-PID algorithm, which can be divided into an oversampled adaptive P (AD-P) control and an adaptive ID (AD-ID) control, adopts a higher sampling frequency for AD-P control and a conventional sampling frequency for AD-ID control. In addition, it can also adaptively adjust the PID parameters (i.e. $K_p$, $K_i$ and $K_d$) based on the system state. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better line transient and load transient responses than the conventional PID and AD-PID algorithms. Compared with the conventional PID and AD-PID algorithms, the experimental results based on a FPGA indicate that the recovery time of the SSA-PID algorithm is reduced by 80% and 67% separately, and that overshoot is decreased by 33% and 12% for a 700mA load step. Moreover, the SSA-PID algorithm can achieve zero overshoot during startup.