Expression and Characterization of G Protein-activated Inward Rectifier $K^+$ Channels in Xenopus Oocytes

Kim, Han-Seop,Lee, Chang-Ho,Min, Churl K. The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1998 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.2 No.4

The G protein-activated inwardly rectifying $K^+$ channel (GIRK1) was coex-pressed in Xenopus oocytes along with the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor, a 7-helix receptor known to be coupled to $K^+$ channels in many neural tissues. Thus, the activation of the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor by its agonist leads to the opening of GIRK1. The GIRK1 current was measured using the two electrode voltage clamp technique with bath application of 5-HT in the presence of various external potassium concentrations $[K^+]_0$. GIRK1 showed a strong inward rectification since only hyperpolarizing voltages evoked inward currents. $K^{+}$ was the major ion carrier as evidenced by about 44㎷ voltage shift corresponding to a 10-fold external 〔$K^+$〕 change. 5-HT induced a concentration-dependent inward $K^+$ current ($EC_{50}{\equation omitted}10.7nM$) which was blocked by $Ba^{2+}$. Pertussis toxin (PTX) pre-treatment reduced the $K^+$ current by as much as about 70%, suggesting that PTX-sensitive G protein ($G_i or G_o$ type) are involved in the $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor-GIRK1 coupling in Xenopus oocytes.

신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

Propylthiouracil 투여에 의한 갑상선 기능저하 흰쥐 조직에서 알코올 탈수소효소 활성의 변화

백상현,김동선,이창범,박용수,안유헌,김태화,기춘석,강주섭 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

Background: Thyroid hormone has been known to affect hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Although the liver is the principal site of ethanol metabolism, stomach is also responsible in part for ethanol oxidation. The effects of thyroid hormone on ADH activity in gastric mucosa and other tissues of rats had not been previously examined. Method: The effects of thyroid hormone on liver, stomach, lung, and kidney ADH activities (nM of NADH/min/mg of cytosolic protein) have been investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats treated with propylthiouracil (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: Whereas hepatic ADH activities were not changed by treatment with PTU(42.9(8.6 vs 45.2 (10.1), gastric ADH activities in PTU-treated rats increased by 258.8% of control rat (6.3 ( 0.6 vs 2.2 ( 1.2, p〈0.001). In the activities of other tissues, PTU treatment decreased lung ADH activity by 59.7% of control, and increased kidney ADH activities by 247.1% of control rats. Conclusion: These data suggest that hypothyroidism causes an increase of gastric alcohol metabolism, and that the increase of gastric ADH activity can partly restore the first pass metabolism of ethanol in hypothyroid rats.

THERMAL AND SMOKE MEASUREMENTS OF VEHICLE FIRES Establishing practical large-scale experiment for vehicle fires

Kim,Jeong-Hun,Kim,Hong,Lee,Bog-Young,Lee,Chang-Seop 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hazard risks of vehicle fires. Sensors were strategically placed in passenger cars to determine the temperature, propagation rate and direction of flame. The life safety hazard evaluations such as smoke and gas analysis were included. An important ignition position was performed in the engine compartment. The effects of different ignition positions and the opening of door glasses were also reviewed. The experimental results indicate that the maximum temperature when a vehicle burns varies commonly from 90<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX> -100<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The flame reaches in the face of a driver about 6-7minutes and the windshield glass breaks about 10 minutes after the ignition in the engine compartment of vehicle. And the smoke and gas concentrations reached the limit of human inhalation after 13-14 minutes. Especially the concentrations of carbon monoxide exceeded the TWA(50 ppm) during short time after ignition in cases of all experiments.

연립 주택 화재시 유독가스 방출 특성과 Rats를 이용한 독성평가

김홍,강영구,김동현,정기창,이창섭,김운형 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출은 인간에게 있어서 화재시 생명에 아주 위험한 요소일 것이다. 다양한 화재에 의한 독성가스의 노출 중 본 논문에서는 경기도 안산시 재개발지구에서 한 연립주택을 이용하여 실제화재와 같은 조건으로 화재 시험을 하였다. 화재시 발생하는 가스 CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO 및 NO_2등을 측정하였으며, 발생하는 가스를 실험동물인 백서(S.D)에 노출시켜 2분간격으로 혈액을 체취하였다. 독성평가를 위하여 백서의 혈액과 혈청 중 Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count 및 CO(carboxy)-Hb를 분석하였다. 폭로되는 CO의 농도와 백서의 혈액중 CO-Hb 농도사이에 양-반응 관계(dose-response relationship)를 보였다. It has long been recognized that exposure to fire-induced toxic gases is a fatal hazard confronting people in fires. In this study, an indoor fire experiment was conducted in an unoccupied residential building located in An-san city, Kyoung-gi province, and the composition of effluent gases, which include CO, CO_2, O_2, SO_2, NO and NO_2, were measured by a gas analyzer A group of lab rats were exposed to the toxic gases released from fire, and the blood samples of the rats were gathered every 2 minutes. A toxicity evaluation was conducted by analyzing the concentrations of Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count and CO(carboxy)-Hb in the blood samples. Shown from the analysis is the does-response relationship between the CO concentration that rats were exposed to and the CO-Hb concentration in rat blood.

長安山의 植物相과 多樣性 分析

吉奉燮,金昌煥 圓光大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.2

全北 長安山의 植物相을 밝히기 위하여, 1986년 10월 부터 1987년 9월까지 실지 踏査를 통하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 長安山의 植物은 99科 326屬 440種 67變種 7品種 1亞種 總 515種類로 나타났다. 長安山의 植物相은 600∼800m는 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 거제수나무(Betula costata), 노각나무(Stewaritia koreana), 개벗나무(Prunus leveilleana), 다릅나무(Maackia amurensis)등 광엽교목종이 우점하고 있었다. 800∼1200m는 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 억새(Miscanthus sinensis var, purpurascens), 미역줄나무(Tripterygium regelii), 철쭉꽃(Rhododendron schlippenbachii), 노린재나무(Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa), 쇠물푸레(Fraxinus sieboldiana)가 우점하고 있었으며 800m∼100m계곡은 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 층층나무(Cornus controversa), 고로쇠나무(Acer mono)등이 우점하고 있었다. 多樣度指數(H')와 優占度指數(C)를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica) 群集으로 遷移가 진행됨에 따라 多樣度指數는 減少하고 優占度指數는 增加하였다. 각 群集에서 種사이의 상대적인 量的關係를 알아보기 위한 重要値를 보면 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica)의 중요치가 가장 높고 졸참나무(Quercus serrata), 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis), 개서어나무(Carpinus tschonoskii), 들메나무(Fraxinus mandshurica), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhyuchophylla), 당단풍(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum), 쪽동백나무(Styrax obassia), 층층나무(Cornus controversa) 등의 순으로 나타났다. An ecological survey on the vegetation of Mt. Chang-An was conducted during one year from Sep. 1986 to Oct. 1987. The flora was composed of 99 families, 326 genera, 440 species, 67 varieties, 7 forma, 1 subspecies, or 515 taxa. Change of diversity index(H') was shown to increase, whereas dominance index(C), to decrease along progressing of succession of Quercus mongolica community. Importance value of Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Carpinus tschonoskii, Fraxinus mandshurica and F. rhynchophylla was shown the higher than other plant.

강릉수력발전소 발전수 방류 전후의 남대천 수질과 미생물 분포

심혜숙,김규중,김형섭,최창근,전방욱 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1993 東海岸硏究 Vol.4 No.1

강릉수력발전소의 발전수 방류가 강릉 남대천의 수질 및 미생물 분포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 정점 3 상류지역의 발전수 방류는 수질에 상당한 영향을 끼쳐 정점 3 및 정점 4의 수질은 악화되고 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7의 수질은 개선되었다. 미생물 분포도 이와 유사하여 정점 3 및 정점 4의 세포수는 상당히 증가한 반면 정점 5, 정점 6 및 정점 7에서는 대체적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과로 미루어보아 강릉수력발전소의 발전수는 희석효과에 의해 수질 및 미생물 분포를 변화시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effects of water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant on the water quality and some bacterial population of Namdaecheon Stream, Kangnung were investigated. The water discharged above station 3 affected the water quality significantly; the water quality of station 3 and station 4 took a turn for the worse, however those of station 5, station 6 and station 7 changed for the better. It was also true with the bacterial population; The number of cells of bacteria increased in station 3 and 4, but the number significantly decreased in station 5, station 6, and station 7. The data suggested the idea that the water discharged from Kangnung hydropower plant changed the water quality and some bacterial population by dilution effect.

백서에서 동종 신경이식시 항 T임파구 단일클론항체 분포에 관한 조직화학적 연구

홍창섭,김경욱,임창준,정대현 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Nerve allografts as a bridge through which lost nerve can regenerate is useful in the repair of peripheral nerve defect resulting from trauma, neoplasm and leprosy. But immunological rejection and complicated scar formation is an unaboidable problem in the application of allogenic nerves. This article is intended to study histopathological and immunohistochemical response after fresh allogenic sciatic nerve grafts in rats. 12 male Sprague- Dawley rats were used as the experimental animals. A 2cm skin incision was made on the lateral aspects of limb, parallel to the femur. 1cm-long sciatic nerve trunk taken from the one rat was resected at the middle of the to high, and it was transplanted to the same area of the other rat with perineural suture method. Observation was made at the postoperative 1, 3, 8, 16 day. The results were as follows. 1. Histopathologically, destruction of the perineural sheath was observed only in 1-day group. 2. Mild degenerative changes of the nucleus and cytoplasm of Schwann cells were ovserved in the 1-day and 3-day groups. These changes gradually resolved. 3. Hollow space phenomena of the nucleus and cytoplasm of schwann cells were observed. The response was mild in the 1 day and 3 day groups, and moderate in the 8 day group. The phenomena were not identified in the 16 day group. 4. Immunohistochemical studies revealed pan T cells and cytotoxic T cells in the 1 day group. Increased numbers of cytotoxic T Cells and helper T cells were observed in the 3 and 8 day groups. 5. According to these results, after transplantation of fresh allogenic sciatic nerve an inflammatory response was observed up to 8 days and then gradually resolved. Degenerative changes were more severe up to 8 days, but an the 16th day they had resolved histopathologically and immunopathologically.

Adapting a Novel Dual Authentication Method based on Smart Cards

Jeung-Seop Kim1,Jong-Il Kim,Chang-Jin Seo,Yong-Seok Jang 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7 No.5

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.