다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

제3분과 : 야생동물 ; 국립공원 산불통제구간내 야생동물 서식현황 분석 -지리산국립공원 노고단~피아골계곡을 중심으로-

강병선 ( Byung Seon Kahng ),박기연 ( Ki Yeon Park ),김은창 ( Eun Chang Kim ),이재윤 ( Jae Yoon Lee ),지기선 ( Ki Seon Ji ),최형진 ( Hyung Jin Choi ),오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2013 No.1

우리나라 전 국토의 6.58%를 차지하고 있는 국립공원은 생태계 현황을 대표하는 지역으로 한국에 서식하는 생물종 39,150종 중 40%에 해당하는 15,727종이 서식하고 있다(국립공원관리공단, 2012). 특히 환경부에서 지정한 멸종위기종 221종 중에서 65%에 해당하는 144종이 서식하고 있어 인간의 간섭 및 개발압력으로부터 마지막 피난처의 중요한 역할 또한 수행하고 있다. 국립공원은 자연생태계와 자연 및 문화경관 등을 보전하고 지속가능한 이용을 도모함을 목적으로 하는 자연공원법에 의하여 지정되는 자연공원의 하나로서 자연생태계의 보전뿐만 아니라 지속가능한 이용 또한 고려되어야 한다. 즉, 생물종 서식처의 보존 뿐만 아니라 탐방객의 이용 또한 고려되어야 하며 이를 위해서는 생물종의 서식현황 분석은 반드시 선행되어야 할 과제이다. 그러나 생물종이 다양하고 서식처가 광범위하여 종의 전체적인 서식현황을 분석에는 많은 시간과 비용이 수반된다. 따라서 시간과 공간이 제한되는 산불조심기간 중 산불통제 구간을 대상으로 야생동물의 서식현황을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 아울러 구례군 지역에 서식하는 야생동물의 서식현황을 분석하여 보호지역 관리에 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 월 1회 정기적으로 탐방로를 중심으로 야생동물의 식흔, 배설물 등 흔적을 2010년부터 2012년까지 최근 3년간 모니터링 하였으며, 모니터링 시 GPS 좌표 측점, 사진촬영, 주변환경조사 등을 병행하였다. 아울러 무인센서카메라를 10대 설치하여 실체를 확인하였으며, 조사된 자료는 GIS DB로 최근 3년간, 지리산국립공원 노고단~피아골계곡에서 조사된 야생동물 흔적은 124건으로 삵 59건, 담비 27건, 족제비 21건, 멧토끼 10건, 멧돼지 4건, 고라니 2건, 오소리 1건 등이었다. 이중 삵과 담비는 멸종위기종으로서 86건으로 발견종의 69%를 차지하고 있었다. 특히 봄과 가을철 산불통 제기간 중에는 월평균 19회 관찰되었는데 이는 다른 기간 평균 4회 보다 5배정도 많은 횟수로 탐방객의 출입이 제한되었을 때 위협요인이 감소됨으로서 서식여건이 보다 안정화되어 훨씬 많이 발견되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2010년부터 2012년 지리산국립공원 구례지역에서 조사된 야생동물 698건의 서식 분포특성을 분석한 결과 삵 286건, 담비 139건, 족제비 95건, 수달 53건, 오소리 30건, 멧돼지 30건, 멧토끼 29건, 너구리 16건, 고라니 13건, 노루 4건, 하늘다람쥐 3건 등이었다. 특히 멸종위기종인 삵, 담비, 수달, 하늘다람쥐 등이 481건으로 68%를 차지하고 있어 멸종위기 야생동물의 출현빈도가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 최근 3년간 야생동물 서식현황을 분석한 결과 타기간 보다 산불방지기간에 출현빈도가 높아 탐방객의 출입에 따른 위협요인을 계량적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, 특히, 봄철 산불방지기간은 야생동물의 번식기라는 점에서 보다 안정된 서식처를 제공한다는 의의가 있을 수 있다. 또한 멸종위기종의 흔적이 전체종의 68%가 발견됨으로서 멸종위기종의 서식처를 제공하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 각 야생동물에 대한 서식처 분석과 더불어 이를 통한 관리방안이 수립될 필요성이 있다.

Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and First Flush Characteristics of Runoff from a Public Park in Korea

Jung, Jae-Woon,Park, Ha-Na,Yoon, Kwang-Sik,Choi, Dong-Ho,Lim, Byung-Jin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution runoff from a public park in Gwangju, Korea were investigated. Results exhibited the highest pollutant concentrations at the start of the rainfall events due to their build-up and wash off processes. The average event mean concentrations (EMCs) were 27.8, 7.2, 56.3, 7.5, and 0.84 mg/L (range: 4.2-54.8 mg/L) for COD, (0.5-20.8 mg/L) for TOC, (22.3-138.4) for SS, (1.4-18.5 mg/L) for T-N, and (0.17-2.02 mg/L) for T-P, respectively. The study site presented a strong first flush effect for most rainfall events. However, no first flush effect was observed in rainfall events with small rainfall factors (e.g. intensity, amount, and runoff depth). On the other hand, the ratios of total pollution loads discharged by the first 20% of runoff volume were 32% for COD, 34% for TOC, 36% for SS, 42% for T-N, and 50% for T-P. Especially, $MFF_{20}$ (mass first flush) values of T-N and T-P were larger than those of other pollutants (COD, TOC, SS), indicating that T-N and T-P are easily transported by stormwater runoff from the public park. First flush management of T-N and T-P, therefore, is required for efficient water quality management of the public park.

Variation of Bird community and Habitat use after Developing Hangang river Ecological Learning Center

Paik, In-Hwan,Jin, Seon-Deok,Jeon, Byung-Seon,Yu, Jae-Pyoung,Park, Chi-Young,Paek, Woon-Kee national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.4

The Hangang (Han River) Ecological Learning Center is a river ecosystem park which was completed in December of 2002. The river ecosystem park was created based on the understanding of the problems of standard park-formed river which centers around convenient facilities instead of on the wish to accentuate the innate unique characteristics of a river. Therefore, the study was conducted in order to analyze the changes and habitation usage of the avifauna in the Hangang Ecological Learning Center to provide basic information for the improvement of bird species diversity in an ecosystem park. The study was conducted in July and October of both 2003 and 2005 to study the avian colonies of the same time period, and the habitat usage of four different areas were examined. Main dominant species includes species which preferred waterside and grassland, and 2005 showed higher levels of species, bird count and number of migratory birds. Furthermore, among the four regions used as habitats, the confluence region showed the highest level of increase, and this is predicted to have caused by the shallow depth of the confluence and the stability of the waterside plant colonies.

저독성 난연제를 첨가한 에폭시 수지의 경화 동력학 및 유변학적 특성

박수진,송수완,이재락,민병각,신재섭 한국공업화학회 2004 공업화학 Vol.15 No.1

본 실험에서는 2관능성 에폭시 수지(EP)에 저독성 난연제인 tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) 를 100:0~100:40 phr의 비율로 첨가한 후 이에 따른 경화 동력학과 유변학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 2EP/TCPP 시스템의 경화 활성화 에너지(E_(a))와 진화량(α)은 동적 DSC를 통하여 알아 보았으며, 유변학적 특성은 레오미터를 이용하여 등온 조건하에서 고찰하였다. 또한, 난연성 test인 UL94를 통하여 TCPP 함량에 따른 난연성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, E_(a)는 에폭시 수지 내에 TCPP의 함량이 증가할수록 증가하는 반면, 전화량(α)과 전환속도(d/dt)는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가교 활성화 에너지(E_(c)) 값은 구한 E_(a) 값과 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 TCPP의 증가로 인해 2EP 고유의 interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) 구조형성이 방해받기 때문이라 판단된다. 또한, TCPP의 함량이 30 phr 이상인 경우 난연성이 향상되었는데, 이는 TCPP 내의 난연성을 갖는 인과 염소의 영향으로 판단된다. In this work. the cure kinetics and rheological properties of difunctional epoxy (2EP) resins containing a low toxicity flame-retardant based on tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) are investigated. The 2EP/TCPP content was varied within 100 : 0 ∼100 : 40 phr. The cure system are studied under the isothermal condition using a rheometer, Also, the flame resistance is determined by UL94 vertical test. From experimental results, the Ea of 2EP/TCPP system is higher than that of pure 2EP. While, the conversion (α1 and conversion rate (d/dt) are decreased with increasing of the TCPP content. The cross-linking activation energy (E_(e)) of the system is similar to (E_(a)). This is probably due to the increase of TCPP content. which obstructs the formation of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure of the 2EP. Also, the improvement of flame resistance is achieved by addition of 30 phr TCPP in the 2EP/TCPP system. which can be attributed to the existence of incombustible phosphorous and chlorines in the TCPP.

현역 군인 발생을 중심으로 본 2000년도 국내 삼일열 말라리아 발생 현황

박재원,김영아,염준섭,유정식,양병국,채종일 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Since 1997, the annual case occurrence of vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea have exceeded 1,000 cases since 1997. The military is thought to be an important source of the current outbreak. We collected various informations about malaria cases (soldiers, veterans and civilians) which occurred in 2000, and analyzed the characteristics of the current outbreak. Methods : Informations about malaria cases of soldiers, veterans and civilians, including name, age, sex, day of onset, region, etc., were collected through the National Institute of Health. Results : Out of total 4,141 cases, 1,288 (31.1%) occurred in the military, 1,273 (30.7%) occurred among the veterans, and 1,580 (38.2%) occurred among civilians. The monthly case occurrence reached its peak in early August. Areas such as Cheolwon, Yeoncheon and Paju showed the highest prevalence. Conclusion : It is considered that the current malaria outbreak has escaped from the exponential growth phase, however, more attention should be paid to prevent further spreading of malaria infection. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:280∼284, 2001)

양성 및 비양성 뇌교출혈의 임상방사선학적 연구

김병곤,이한보,박성호,노재규,노재규 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

문화학습을 통한 영어능력향상 방안 : 정의적 의사소통능력을 중심으로

박병주,김재명,조홍섭 忠州大學校 2003 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.38 No.1

This paper aims to explore the relationship between English literature and language teaching. It is often said that teaching English literature does not have a great influence on improving English skills. It is mainly because teachers concentrate on analysing literary works in terms of literary theory and translating English text into Korean. According to recent research, literature is suitable for student-centered education. It is also suitable for a whole language approach, by which four language skills can be developed at the same time. Given that the affective side of language learning contributes in a significant way to enriching learners' language learning, we would like to propose the need for integrating a humanistic approach in this paper. This paper shows that teaching literature based ON AFFECTIVE SIDE OF LEARNER is characterized by cooperative and interactional activities in their relation to such factors as self-esteem, autonomy, and motivation. This paper suggests a paradigmatic shift from traditional approach to affective approach through English literature which emphasizes process, self-esteem, social skills, cooperative learning, dynamic curriculum, intrinsic motivation, meaning based activities. It is important to select a suitable text for increasing a learner's spontaneous pleasure in reading. Literary works written by major authors but not difficult for language learners are recommended in that they satisfy the need of both the course and the learners.

풍화암에 근입된 그라운드 앵커의 인발거동 연구

박병수,정길수,전상현,유남재 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.A

This study is an numerical study of predicting the behavior of anchor embedded in weathered rocks, subjected to uplift loads, about ultimate pullout capacity and the failure mechanism. Factors influencing the behavior of anchors were investigated by reviewing the data about in-situ anchor tests performing numerical modelling with changing the bondage length of anchor, diameter of anchor body and diameter of tenden, and by Correlations between those factors were evaluated to apply them to predict the behavior of anchors. As results of numerical analysis, a linear relationship between bondage length, diameter of anchor body and diameter of tenden with ultimate pullout capacity was obtained on the one hand, from the result of numerical analysis changing the Young's modulus of weathered rock, this parameter was found to inflence to load-displacement and ultimate pullout capacity within the range of 10%, which was mot so significant to affect.

정신과 입원 환자의 직종별 불안 성향에 관한 연구

박재선,박두병,이길홍 大韓神經精神醫學會 1989 신경정신의학 Vol.28 No.4

The present study was to examine the relationship between psychiatric inpatients' occuputions and their anxiety level. The sampling subjects were randomly selected by 3 stage probability proportional culster extraction method among psychiatric who were admitted to the psychiatric clinics and hospitals nationwide. Four hundred and twenty eight subjects including 249 males and 179 females were undergone by questionnaire survey while measurement of anxiety was done by using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale. Collected data were processed by IBM PC AT computer using SPSS program and statistically analyzed by chi-square test and analysis of variance. 1) It was revealed that these psychiatric inpatients showed relatively higher rates of the unemployed (34.6%), single(43.2%), and divorce(5.1%). 2) Patients with higher classes of occupation such as administrative, managerial or clerical workers showed higher rate of divorce. 3) In the occupational distribution of psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders were more prevalent among high or low occupational classes, neurotic disorders more prevalent among middle occupational classes, while psychoactive substance use disorder more prevalent among farmers and sales workers. 4) Overall the mean anxiety score of the whole subjects is 39.28 ±14.67. The mean anxiety score (39.71±14.89) of the pschiatric inpatients with job is higher than that (36.59±14.20) of the unemployed. 5) In the anxiety tendency according to occupational classification, the unemployed showed less anxiety compared with the employed. Patients with middle occupational classes such as fishing workers and sales workers showed higher levels of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory and skin system anxiety, while patients with higher or lower occupational classes showed lower anxiety. In the relationship between occupational classes and level of anxiety, it showed profiles of inverted V curve. 6) The lower occupational classes such as sales workers showed higher anxiety level, while the higher occupational classes such as clerical workers showed lowest one. Particularly the fishing group exposed in the higher stress situation showed the highest level of anxiety.