Left Branch Extraction in Multiple Fragments and Its Implications for Island Violations in Korean

Bum-Sik Park,Sei-Rang Oh 한국언어학회 2016 언어 Vol.41 No.1

Park, Bum-Sik & Oh, Sei-Rang. 2015. Left Branch Extraction in Multiple Fragments and Its Implications for Island Violations in Korean. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 41-1, 1-18. In this paper, we investigate the restricted distribution of fragments that undergo Left Branch Extraction (LBE). As observed by Park and Kim (2015a), in multiple fragments only the final fragment can be LBEed. We argue that the restricted distribution is observed because LBE induces a PF-effect on the intervening element between the LBEed fragment and the Left Branch Island. In multiple fragments, the non-final LBEed fragment always involves the configuration where the final fragment counts as a surviving intervenor after ellipsis takes place in PF. By contrast, appearing in the final position, the final fragment can be LBEed with the potential intervenors eliminated under ellipsis, giving rise to a repair effect. The analysis partially supports Fox and Lasnik (2003), but not Merchant (2008) or Chomsky (1972), in the sense that certain illegitimate movement has a PF effect on the intervening element. Examining interactions between LBE and relative clause island, we also provide an account for a certain asymmetry regarding the island-(in)sensitivity. (Dongguk University & Gyeongsang National University)

On the Restricted Distribution of pro in Double Argument Constructions

Bum-Sik Park 서울대학교 언어교육원 2019 語學硏究 Vol.55 No.1

This paper discusses the restricted distribution of pro in Double Argument Constructions (DArC). While it is generally assumed that Korean rather freely allows pro in argument positions, it appears that in certain DArCs, pro is not permitted in the second NP position. I argue that this restriction results from the processing mechanisms that discern the overtness of an argument. In particular, extending upon the works of Bae and Park’s (2018), I show that when an overt argument and a pro/null argument compete for a potentially matching predicate, the overt argument is chosen over the pro for processing in order to reduce the processing load. Subsuming the apparent restricted distribution, this analysis leads to the conclusion that in DArCs, pro does not take part in processing regardless of its position. I further show that the same processing effects arise in fragments that do not involve pro.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

FEA와 다이나모메터를 이용한 자동차 디스크 브레이크의 열적 거동에 관한 연구

박범식,손영지,장성규,전언찬 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

While braking cars, a large amount of energy is taken into the brake system in a short period of time. This leads to some problems ; cracking of the disc, non-uniform wear of pad and disc, fade. Thus it is important to measure the contact thermal behaviour precisely between disc and pad. The measurements must be considered to design the brake system. The paper describes methods to analysis the problem of the thermal behavior on the ventilated disc with ANSYS-a program of FEA and a brake dynamometer. According to this way, the paper can present the error between the data by the dynamometer and the results of analysis by ANSYS.

흰쥐 해마에서 경련에 의해 발현 유도된 MKP-1에 의한 MAPK 활성 조절

유범희,강웅구,안용민,정선주,전송희,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 전기경련 충격(Electroconvulsive shock, ECS) 및 카이닌산(kainic acid)에 의한 경련은 흰쥐 해마에서 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)를 활성화시키며, 동시에 MAPK 불활성화 효소인 MAPK phosphatase-1(MKP-1)의 발현을 일으킨다. 이 연구의 목적은 경련에 의해 발현된 MKP-1이 역시 경련에 의해 활성화된 MAPK의 불활성화에 관여하는지를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 방 법 : 흰쥐에 ECS를 가하여 해마에서 MKP-1 발현을 일으킨 뒤 다시 ECS를 가하고, 두 번째 ECS에 의한 MAPK의 일시적 활성화가 MKP-1의 발현상태에 의해 영향받는지를 알아보았다. 또한 흰쥐에 지속적인 MAPK 활성화 및 MKP-1 발현을 일으키는 카이닌산을 투여한 뒤 해마에서 MKP-1의 발현과 MAPK 활성과의 관계를 알아보았다. 결 과 : ECS후 해마에서 타이로신 인산화 면역블롯 및 효소활성으로 측정한 MAPK의 인산화 및 활성은 MKP-1의 발현이 일어나 있는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 사이에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 카이닌산의 투여에 의해 MAPK 활성화가 일어나는 경우, 뒤이어 MKP-1 발현이 일어나지만, 이렇게 발현된 MKP-1은 MAPK 활성을 충분히 감소시키지 못하였다. 결 론 : MKP-1은 흰쥐 해마에서 ECS 및 카이닌산에 의한 MAPK의 활성화를 차단하는데 큰 역할을 하지 않는다. Objectives : Both electroconvulsive shock(ECS)- and kainic acid-induced seizures activate mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) in rat hippocampus. They can also induce the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1(MKP-1) in rat hippocampus. MKP-1 is known as a specific MAPK deactivator. This study aimed to elucidate the role of MKP-1 in the deactivation of MAPKs in rat hippocampus. Methods : In order to induce MKP-1 in the hippocampus, ECS was given to the rats. At the time points when MKP-1 was sufficiently induced, the second ECS was given to them and the subsequent phosphorylation or activation of MAPKs were measured in the hippocampus. A second group of rats were injected with kainic acid and the relationship between MKP-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation was examined in their hippocampi. Results : The expression of MKP-1 did not influence the phosphorylation or activation of MAPKs following ECS in rat hippocampus. Kainic acid-induced expression of MKP-1 did not significantly reduce the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Conclusion : MKP-1 did not play a significant role in the deactivation of MAPKs which were activated by ECS or kainic acid in rat hippocampus.

여성요도구협착의 수술적 교정

오범석,김도완,오철규,노안식,박석산 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: We describe various clinical presentations of female urethral meatal stricture, which may mimic other pelvic floor disorders and result in diagnostic delay. Diagnosis, management, and outcome results are reported Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 26 consecutive cases of female urethral meatal stricture. Patient characteristics, history, clinical presentation, symptom score, maximal flow rate, residual urine, diagnosis, management and short-term follow up are reported. Results: Mean patient age plus or minus standard deviation was 54 years. Most 21 (81%) cases were referred as diagnostic dilemmas with symptoms present for 1 month to 30 years. Mean interval between onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5.8 years. The most common symptoms were residual urine sensation (77% of cases), frequency (54%), pelvic pain (46%), dysuria (46%), weak stream urine (27%), urgency (15%) and 17 patients (65%) have combined symptoms. 16 patients (62%) had been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication and/or psychotherapy. The female urethral meatal stricture was visible on physical examination in 21 patients (81%) and cystoscopy in 5 patients (19%). Of these visible urethral meatal stricture, 11 patients (45%) contained recurrent urinary tract infection, 9 patients (35%) contained urethral mucosal prolapse, 7 patients (27%) contained urethral diverticulum, and 3 patients (12%) contained stress urinary incontinence. 18 patients (69%) who has been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication or psychotherapy was not successfully improved. Treatment consist of urethral meatal excision and/or everted urethral mucosal excision and/or urethral diverticulum excision and/or anti-incontinence surgery when indicated. Subsequently 24 patients (92%) had improved symptom score, but 2 patient was not changed. In 9 patients new symptom developed. Conclusions: Female urethral meatal stricture have several urinary symptoms and may mimic other pelvic floor disorders. This condition should be considered in women with frequency, residual urine sensation, pelvic pain, dysuria and etc. Medical treatment is not sufficient but surgical treatment is usually simple, safe and effective in alleviation associated symptoms.

버섯의 갈변병 유발세균 P. tolaasii의 길항세균인 P. fluorescens의 분리 및 배지최적화

조남철,박범식,전억한 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1991 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

버섯 갈변병 유발세균인 P. tolaasii에 길항성을 가진 P. fluorescens의 대량배양을 위하여 배지조성 및 배양의 최적조건을 확립하였다. 세포성장에 있어서 carbon 및 energy source인 glucose의 경우 30g/l일 때 세포농도가 가장 높았으며, yeast extract의 최적농도는 10g/l였다. 또한 균체의 구조합성에 있어 중요한 nitrogen source인 NH_(4)Cl과 (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)는 각각 1.0g/l와 0.1g/l일 때 세포성장이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났고, sulfur source인 MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O의 최적농도는 1.0g/l였다. 그리고 KH_(2)PO_(2)와 CaCl는 각각 1.0g/l와 0.1g/l일때 세포농도가 가장 좋았고, 온도 30℃, pH 6.0 그리고 초기 D.O가 68일 때 세포성장이 가장 높았으며, 균체 비증식속도(μ)와 생산성(P)도 높았다. P. fluorescens was studied in both batch and continuous culture in order to find out optimum conditions for cultivation. p. fluorescens is an aerobic bacteria and antagonistic to p. tolaasii which causes blotch disease on the mushroom cap. Cells of P. fluorescens were grown well on medium containing 30 g/ℓof glucose, whereas the growth was inhibited with the glucose concentration at higher than 30g/ℓ. The highest values of specific growth rate and productivities were obtained when using 10 g/ℓ of yease extract. Optimum concentrations of NH_(4)Cl and (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) for culture were found to be l.0g/ℓ and 0.1 g/ℓrespectively. The culture of MgS0_(4)·7H_(2)O was mostly about l.0g/ℓ as a sulfur source. It was also found that the cell concentrations were at the maximum level when grown on the medium containing l.0g/ℓ of KH_(2)PO_(4) and 0.lg/ℓ of CaCl_(2). Also, the optimum culture conditions were 30℃ and pH 6.0. Cultivation of P. fluorescens at high initial D.O value led to a decrease of bacterial productivity in batch culture. Maximum productivity was achieved at 68 for the initial D.O. value.

마에 의한 비염,구강 알레르기 증후군이 동반된 천식 증례

석수진,박종숙,김덕수,손범석,박춘식 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2S

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RSA 암호화 알고리즘의 구현에 관한 연구

신인철,이민섭,박창섭,김범식,우찬일,최춘수 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

Recently, the information exchange through a communication network has been increased rapidly. When the sensitive information being sent or stored, the cryptographic technique can be employed in order to prevent it from being exposed or modified by the illegal third party. To implement public key encryption systems based on the integer factorization and the discrete logaritm problem, an efficient exponential arithmetic is mandatory due to large numbers involved. In this paper, the general analysis about the high­speed implementation of primality testing and exponentiations are investigated as well as implementing RSA public­key system. The public­key cryptosystem can be applied to any applications which need both the privacy and the authentication. Finally, suing the software package named MIRACL which provides the basic number theoretic routines for cryptographic software developers. we have implemented the RSA encryption and decryption with Blum­Goldwasser probabilistic algorithm under various key and message size.

Elevated TRAF2/6 expression in Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of Parkin E3 ligase activity.

Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6

<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>