Cultural Environmentalism: Local Government Attitudes in China

( Bo Wang ),( Jill L. Tao ),( Jongyoul Lee ),( Andrew K. Tao ) 한국행정학회 2020 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.4

Most people associate China with a strong central government, but in reality, local governments play a crucial role in environmental policy implementation. We seek to understand how local government officials see themselves in this role. Using a nation-wide survey of local government officials tasked with environmental programs, we examine the attributes and attitudes of those in charge of carrying out policies at the local level. With 260 valid responses from multiple cities (88) within every province in China, we find that local officials see environmental protection as complicated, in direct competition with the goal of economic development, but essential for sustainable development over time. We find differences between generations, and between coastal and interior cities, as well as differences in areas where minority populations are more prevalent. We also find that attitudes are somewhat different from those reported in the broader population, suggesting that we should not extrapolate from broader surveys of the public when assessing the attitudes of public servants, and understanding these differences will be key to the success of environmental policy implementation nationally.

Character and Control Technology of Weed in Soybean Field of Northeast China

Bo Tao 한국잡초학회 2011 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.31 No.2

Nitric Oxide Exerts Different Functions on Porcine Oocytes Cultured in Different Models, Which is Affected by Beta-mercaptoethanol

Tao, Yong,Xia, Guoliang,Bo, Shumin,Zhou, Bo,Zhang, Meijia,Wang, Fenghao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.3

The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cumulus expansion, oocyte mortality and meiotic maturation of porcine cumulus enclosed oocytes (CEOs) cultured in two different models when gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were presented or not. And the interaction between NO and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol ($\beta$-ME), a free radical scavenger was also investigated. Two models refer to spontaneous maturation model and hypoxanthine (HX) medium model. All the 3,433 eligible CEOs were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ and the cumulus expansion, oocyte morphology and nuclear phase were evaluated 44 h after incubation. (1) In spontaneous maturation model, NO stimulates the cumulus expansion and $\beta$-ME delayed it. NO doesn't affect the oocyte meiotic resumption but inhibits the oocytes to develop to metaphase II. (2) In HX medium model, NO or $\beta$-ME doesn't affect the expansion in the absence of gonadotropins, but in the presence of gonadotropins, NO or $\beta$-ME inhibits the expansion. In the presence of gonadotropins, NO inhibits the oocyte meiotic resumption and it especially inhibits the oocyte to develop to metaphase II, and $\beta$-ME reverses such inhibitory effects. The cooperation of gonadotropins and $\beta$-ME stimulates the meiotic resumption and especially, promotes the CEOs to develop to metaphase II in both models. Moreover, HX might contribute to the fragility of oocyte zona pellucida and gonadotropins, nitric oxide and $\beta$-ME could alleviate it separately, and cooperatively. It is concluded that NO exerts different functions in two models and $\beta$-ME affected the functions of NO in different models.

One-Pot Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of Two Three-Dimensional Cobalt(II) Complexes

Bo Tao,Wen Lei,Feiran Cheng,Hua Xia 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

Two cobalt(II) compounds [Co(2,2'-bipy)(H2O)2(SO4)]n (1) and [Co2(2,2'-bipy)2(btec)(H2O)6]·2H2O (2) (2,2'- bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, H4btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid), have been simultaneously synthesized by a one-pot slow solvent evaporation reaction. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits an infinite 1D chain structure with the octahedral Co(II) centers bridging by the tetrahedral μ2-SO4 2− ligands, while compound 2 possesses a dinuclear Co2(2,2'-bipy)2(btec)(H2O)6 unit and the two adjacent octahedral Co(II) ions are linked by the bismonodentately coordinated btec ligand. Additionally, compound 2 exhibits blue fluorescent emission in the solid state at room temperature.

One-Pot Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of Two Three-Dimensional Cobalt(II) Complexes

Tao, Bo,Lei, Wen,Cheng, Feiran,Xia, Hua Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.6

Two cobalt(II) compounds $[Co(2,2{^\prime}-bipy)(H_2O)_2(SO_4)]_n$ (1) and $[Co_2(2,2^{\prime}-bipy)_2(btec)(H_2O)_6]{\cdot}2H_2O$ (2) (2,2'-bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, $H_4btec$ = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid), have been simultaneously synthesized by a one-pot slow solvent evaporation reaction. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits an infinite 1D chain structure with the octahedral Co(II) centers bridging by the tetrahedral ${\mu}_2-SO{_4}^{2-}$ ligands, while compound 2 possesses a dinuclear $Co_2(2,2^{\prime}-bipy)_2(btec)(H_2O)_6$ unit and the two adjacent octahedral Co(II) ions are linked by the bismonodentately coordinated btec ligand. Additionally, compound 2 exhibits blue fluorescent emission in the solid state at room temperature.

Isolation and Cloning of Porcine SLC27A2 Gene and Detection of Its Polymorphism Associated with Growth and Carcass Traits

Wang, Tao,Liu, Chang,Xiong, Yuan-Zhu,Deng, Chang-Yan,Zuo, Bo,Xie, Hong-Tao,Xu, De-Quan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.8

The protein encoded by SLC27A2 gene is an isozyme of long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family, and it converts free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby plays a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. In the present study, SLC27A2 located on human chromosome 15 was selected as candidate gene and we isolated and cloned partial fragments of mRNA sequence and genomic fragments of porcine SLC27A2 gene. The coding region of the gene as determined by alignments shared 90% and 82% identity with human and mouse cDNAs, respectively. Detection in LargeWhite and Meishan breeds showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ($A{\rightarrow}G$) existed in exon 7, which caused corresponding amino acid changed for encoding. In LargeWhite pigs it encoded for Val while in Meishan pigs it encoded for Ile, so we developed the PCR-RFLP genotype method for detection of this polymorphism. Association study in 135 $F_2$ reference family indicated that significant correlation existed between the polymorphism and growth and carcass traits.

Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Machinability and Wear Mechanism of TiAlN Coated Tools during Dry Turning

Hui-Bo He,Wen-Qiang Han,Hua-Ying Li,Dong-Yang Li,Jun Yang,Tao Gu,Tao Deng 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

TiAlN coatings were deposited on the YT15 tungsten carbide inserts by magnetron sputtering technique. The TiAlN coated tools weredeep cryogenic treatment (DCT) at -196oC for 30 h. The dry turning tests of 40Cr steel were carried out to evaluate performancesof uncoated, no cryogenically treated (NCT) and DCT coated tools on the CA6140A lathe. The effect of the three kinds of tools oncutting forces, cutting temperature, surface qualities and tool wear had been investigated to assess the performance of DCT coatedtools. Results of the investigation showed that the cutting forces and cutting temperature obtained by DCT coated tools weresignificantly decreased in comparison with the uncoated and NCT coated tools, especially at higher cutting speeds. Flank wear ofthe DCT coated inserts was less than that of the NCT coated inserts under the same cutting conditions. The DCT coated insertsproduced a good surface finish and yield a tool life of about 65 min. The wear mechanisms of the DCT coated carbide tools are mainlyabrasive and adhesive wear, accompanied with diffusion and oxidation wear.

가정용 LED 조명 기구의 디자인 연구 - 조형적 특징을 중심으로

백박도 ( Bo Tao Bai ),김철수 ( Chul Soo Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.5

LED 제조 기술은 급속도로 발전하였지만 조명 기구 디자인은 그 뒤를 따랐다. 조명 기구는 상품 디자인상에서 대체적으로 원래의 형태는 그대로 유지한 채 단지 전통 조명 기구안의 광원만 LED로 대체하였다. LED 광원의 독특한 성능은 조명 기구의 조형 디자인에 변화를 제공하고 있다. 본 논문은 Kiss의 연구논문 검색을 활용하여 조형특징, 조형요소, 조명의 Keyword를 검색하여 조사된 조형에 관한 연구논문 중 본 연구 주제와 관련이 있는 30개 선행연구 논문을 선정하여 조형의 특징에 관한 분석방법을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 대상인 조명 제품은 매우 광범위 하며, 연구내용이 디자인의 조형성을 다루고자 하기에 굿 디자인으로 인정되는 제품을 연구대상의 범위로 한다. 이에 조명 디자인의 표본은 세계적으로 Good Design 공인된 RED DOT(표본 110개), IF(표본 17개), IDEA (표본 19개) 3 대 국제공모전상 3년 건(2009년-2011년도)의 수상작을 연구의 대상으로 선택하였다. Image Mapping 방법을 통해 형태, 색깔, 재료 의 3개 방면으로부터 가정용 일반 조명기구와 LED조명기구에 대해 연구한다. 이어서 일반 조명기구와 LED 조명기구의 조형적 특징을 근거로 미래 조명 기구의 조형 디자인에 대한 발전 추이를 예측할 수 있다. 첫째: 심플하고 이성적인 조형. 구조적으로 다양한 기능성을 지니는 디자인이 증가될 것이다. 둘째: 특이한 조형을 자유롭게 시도된 디자인이 다양화될 것이다. 셋째: 다양한 문화 현상과 친환경적인 이념을 중시하고 자연적 요소를 활용한 디자인이 증가될 것이다. 따라서 얻어낸 결론과 결합하여 가정용LED조명 기구에 대하여 개념 구색 디자인을 진행한다. Along with the high speed development of the LED lighting technology, lamps and lanterns design follows with high gear, too. Currently, LED lamps design is more like a photo source replacement by LED, keeping the basics of the original shapes of the lamps and lanterns. Still, LED photo source shows its special characteristics. This essay, by selecting the key words “styling characteristics, styling basics, lighting” from the KISS Essay Web site, analyzes the study and research methods of 30 papers related from the web site. There are many products for lamps and lanterns. Those with better and special design are chosen for the object of study. Lamps rewarded by the world three product design institutes are used in this essay, RED DOT(110 samples), IF(17 samples), IDEA(19 samples). The Image Mapping is used to analyze the shape, color and material of the samples. Based on the styling characteristics of both the LED and conventional lamps, forecast the future styling design of the LED lamps as well as its development trend. Trend 1: styling features are more simple and rational. Styling design is more focus on function. Trend 2: different and unique shapes are freely adopted. Decorative purpose is addressed more. Trend 3: lamps design addresses multi-culture theme and environment friendly concept. People see more and more features reflecting nature in the styling design of the lamps. Last, based on the conclusion, start the styling design of home use LED lamps.

Asparagus Polysaccharide and Gum with Hepatic Artery Embolization Induces Tumor Growth and Inhibits Angiogenesis in an Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model

Weng, Ling-Ling,Xiang, Jian-Feng,Lin, Jin-Bo,Yi, Shang-Hui,Yang, Li-Tao,Li, Yi-Sheng,Zeng, Hao-Tao,Lin, Sheng-Ming,Xin, Dong-Wei,Zhao, Hai-Liang,Qiu, Shu-Qi,Chen, Tao,Zhang, Min-Guang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Liver cancer is one of leading digestive malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies for this deadly disease. It has been proven that asparagus polysaccharide, one of the most active derivates from the traditional medicine asparagus, possesses notable antitumor properties. However, little is known about the efficacy of asparagus polysaccharide as an adjuvant for liver cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we reported that asparagus polysaccharide and its embolic agent form, asparagus gum, significantly inhibited liver tumor growth with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor model, while significantly inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, asparagine gelatinous possessed immunomodulatory functions and showed little toxicity to the host. These results highlight the chemotherapeutic potential of asparagus polysaccharide and warrant a future focus on development as novel chemotherapeutic agent for liver cancer TACE therapy.

Effect of structural phase transformations under pressure on electronic and optical properties of CuInS2

Bo Gao,Hong-Tao Xue,Fu-Ling Tang,Yu-Wen Cheng 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.11

First-principles plane-wave calculations were employed to study the phase transitions, electronic and optical properties of chalcopyrite CuInS2 (CIS) under pressure, which is a promising semiconductor compound material for nonlinear optical, photovoltaic and bio-applications. From the variations of Gibbs free energy and volume with pressure, we confirmed an experimentally found phase transformation of CIS from tetragonal I42d structure into the cubic Fm3m phase. It occurs at 7.9 GPa with a volume reduction of 15.6%, which are comparable with the experimental values of 9.5 GPa and 12%. A new possible phase transition of CIS from the cubic Fm3m structure to the orthorhombic Cmcm structure under higher pressure was predicted occurring at 49.6 GPa with a volume reduction about 0.64%. Using the more accurate HSE06 functional, we found that the growth rate of energy gap with pressure (dEg/dP) for the I42d phase is about 24.8 meV/GPa, very close to the experimental value of 24 meV/GPa. The calculated electronic properties for Fm3m and Cmcm phases show that CIS is a metallic material under high pressure, rather than a semiconductor. The optical absorption spectra indicate that with the increase of pressure the absorption edge of CIS becomes smaller while the optical energy gap is larger.