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- 저자 : ( Jill L. Tao ) (검색결과 5 건)
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( Tao Jill L. ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2013 사회과학연구 Vol.3 No.-
Reform of urban governments in the United States was heralded by the Progressives as an end to machine politics and the corruptive influences associated with urban governments (Hofstadter 1955). The rise of professional governments and non-partisan elections at the local level was seen as the first step in making local politicians more responsive to the needs of “the plain people” or “the common man” (Hofstadter 1955: 173), and less beholden to “the haves” that helped to place politicians in office. But has the attempt to make city administrations “removed from the hurry and strife of politics” (Wilson 1887: 209) improved the nature of democracy at the local level? Voter participation rates at the local level government are, on average, abysmal in the U.S. What might have happened if the U.S. had maintained partisanship at the local level? As with most historical questions, counterfactual evidence is absent in the U.S. But non-partisanship has not been replicated in other industrialized democracies, and most notably, in South Korea. However, the Koreans themselves bemoan dropping participation rates among voters in elections, and have instituted structural changes at the local level premised in part on assumptions borrowed from the U.S. To wit, parties will cater to the “haves”, and non-partisan elections will “democratize” the selection process for candidates, making certain offices more broadly accountable to the electorate. Are these assumptions valid? This paper examines local turnout data from Korean elections since 1995 for all major cities in the country and compares the institutional and individual candidate characteristics to examine a pseudo-counterfactual case of what might have been if partisan elections had remained in U.S local politics.
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Cultural Environmentalism: Local Government Attitudes in China
( Bo Wang ),( Jill L. Tao ),( Jongyoul Lee ),( Andrew K. Tao ) 한국행정학회 2020 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.4
Most people associate China with a strong central government, but in reality, local governments play a crucial role in environmental policy implementation. We seek to understand how local government officials see themselves in this role. Using a nation-wide survey of local government officials tasked with environmental programs, we examine the attributes and attitudes of those in charge of carrying out policies at the local level. With 260 valid responses from multiple cities (88) within every province in China, we find that local officials see environmental protection as complicated, in direct competition with the goal of economic development, but essential for sustainable development over time. We find differences between generations, and between coastal and interior cities, as well as differences in areas where minority populations are more prevalent. We also find that attitudes are somewhat different from those reported in the broader population, suggesting that we should not extrapolate from broader surveys of the public when assessing the attitudes of public servants, and understanding these differences will be key to the success of environmental policy implementation nationally.
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Fiscal Stress and Its Impacts on Local Expenditure Autonomy
Jong Youl Lee,Jill L, Tao 한국지방정부학회 2012 지방정부연구 Vol.16 No.3
2008년 경 시작된 글로벌 경제위기는 모든 수준의 정부에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 지방정부는 재정수입 삭감과 근검절약의 큰 압박을 받게 되었다. 이로 인해 재정이 풍요로웠든 시기와는 다른 정책선호의 경향을 보이게 되었다. 이러한 재정위기 제약 상황에서 한국에서의 지방자치단체는 지출정책에서 어떤 대응을 하는가가 본 연구 의 주된 목적이다. 즉 재정자립도의 변화가 지출에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가 하는 것이다. 거의 모든 한국의 지방자치단체의 수입과 지출의 자료를 이용하여 (약 237 지방자치단체) 다음과 같은 사실을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 미국의 일반적 경향과 약간 상이한 점이 있는데, 인건비를 포함한 일반경비의 지출삭감이 큰 반면, 공공안전이나 중소기업지원 등은 오히려 증가하였다. 교육부분은 지출에서 보호받지 못하였다. 이는 흥미로운 결과로서 한국의 교육시스템의 중요성과 연관이 있다고 본다.
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