주파수 스펙트럼 시각화 기술을 이용한 피아노 연주법 분석 연구 : 20세기 후반 이후 연구를 중심으로

Xue, Biyun,Jeon, Yoonhan 한국문화융합학회 2020 문화와 융합 Vol.42 No.3

컴퓨터 기술 및 소프트웨어 엔지니어링의 발달에 따라 음악 평가의 시각화는 최근 몇 년 사이 대중적인 연구 분야가 되었다. 음악 시각화의 주요 장점들로는 음악적 특징들, 연주자의 기술에 대한 직접적인 입증과 세부적인 비교와 분석을 가능하게 하는 것이 있으며, 이를 통해 음악 연주에 대해 더욱 포괄적으로 이해하게 한다. 음악 시각화의 적용은 다양한 영역으로 확장되고 있는데 E-music 작곡, 음악 교육과 연주 평가의 간소화, 고차원 에니메이션 상품의 발생 등이 있다. 음악 시각화의 적용과 방법론에 대한 여러 연구자들에 의해 진행된 연구들 역시 많이 있다. 반면, 가장 중요하고 대중적인 현악기 중 하나인 피아노는 음악과 관련된 연구에서 항상 주요한 위치를 차지해 왔으며, 시각화 연구 역시 예외가 아니다. 본 연구에서는 피아노 연주의 시각화에 대해 진행된 연구들에 대해 간략히 요약하여 소개하고자 한다. 음악 시각화가 새로운 도구로 받아들여지고 있으므로, 이의 발전 과정에 대해 우선적으로 검토하고자 한다. 다음으로 여러 다른 연구자들에 의해 제안된 피아노 연주의 시각화와 관련된 방법론들과 도구들을 비교하고 서로 다른 특징들에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 피아노 연주 시각화의 결과물들에 대한 예들을 살펴보고, 실제적인 효과들에 대해 논의할 것이다. 연주 시각화가 발전 과정의 과도기에 있는 만큼 최근의 연구가 가지는 제한점들에 대해서 논의하고자 한다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 음악 연구자들에게 참고할 만한 정보를 제공하고자 한다. Visualization of music performance has been a popular research discipline in recent years, together with the advancement in computer science and software engineering. The major benefits of music visualization include the straightforward demonstration of music features, performer’s skill, and, thus, the capability of precisely analyzing and understanding the music. Meanwhile, the application of music visualization has been expanded from the original animation production into various scenarios including music-teaching activities. Miscellaneous studies have been proposed by different researchers on music visualization and the exploration of its application. On the other hand, being one of the most important and popular music instruments, the piano performance has always been a critical topic in music-related research, while the study on visualization is not an exception. This paper aims to briefly review the research on piano performance visualization since the late 20th century and how it has facilitated the piano teaching activities. The discussion in this paper begins with the development track of music visualization technologies. Next, since most of the music visualizations are based on feature extraction and analysis, the corresponding studies conveyed towards piano performance will be introduced. The application of visualization on the piano teaching activities and its comparison with conventional music teaching will also be discussed. Moreover, considering that music visualization is still at a growing stage, the imitation of current research will also be discussed before the conclusion. The aim of this paper is to provide reference for music researchers.

A Study on the Development Status and Discussion of China-Korea Free Trade Area

Zhang Biyun,Yang Zeyun 한중경제문화학회 2021 한중경제문화연구 Vol.17 No.-

A Comparative Research of Selected Recordings of Piano Solo “Spring Dance” on Visualization Analysis

Xue Biyun,전윤한 한국문화융합학회 2019 문화와 융합 Vol.41 No.5

The piano solo “Spring Dance” was composed by Sun Yiqiang, who is one of the first-generation pianists in China since 1949. In 2014 and 2015, it was selected to be a part of “China’s Centennial Classic Piano Collections.” Pianists across the world have recorded different versions of it. In this paper, two versions have been selected for comparison through a visualized analysis using a computer. They include Mr. Lang Lang’s performance, which is recorded as the first Chinese piano album in the world, and Mr. Joel Schoenhals’ performance, as an American pianist. The purpose of this research is to reveal the personal style and processing of musical elements during the performance at both the macro and micro level, through common methodologies including the acoustic measurement and IOI deviation curve. From an aesthetic perspective, the aim of piano performance is to deliver the beauty of music, both in form and content, to the audience. Traditionally, such delivery was achieved by converting the music score to a hearing effect. In addition, former researchers were dependent on the subjective judgment and analysis of harmony texture for the study of piano performance art. The drawback of such a conventional approach, wherein the performer’s emotion is ignored, is that one can hardly connect the performance to the real artistic conception of the music. The highlight of this paper is the application of a computer- aided, visualized analysis to explore the re-creation features of the same music score by “oriental” and “western” pianists. The visualized analysis may demonstrate the performer’s expression on a music paragraph, phrase, and bar, until single notes, and their fluctuation and flexibility on the pace. This paper aims to provide reference and guidance for activities involving piano performances.

피아노전공 대학생의 능력관련 기대믿음과 연주연습과의 관계에서 가치지각의 매개효과

설벽운(Xue, Biyun),전윤한(Jeon, YoonHan),동환(Dong, Huan) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.14

본 연구의 목적은 성취동기에 대한 기대-가치 이론(Expectancy-value theory; Eccles & Wigfield, 2002)을 적용하여 피아노를 전공하는 대학생들의 가치지각이 능력관련 기대믿음과 연주연습과의 관계를 매개하는지를 검증하는데 두었다. 연구대상은 피아노를 전공하는 224명의 대학생들(남학생=25명, 여학생=199명)이며, 자료는 기술통계, 상관분석 및 구조방정식모델링을 통해 분석되었다. 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시한 결과, 피아노전공 대학생들의 능력과 성공의 기대관련 믿음이 내적 가치와 달성 가치 및 유용성 가치 지각을 증진시키는데 기여하지만, 목표달성에 대한 가치지각만이 동기적 믿음과 연주연습 간의 관계를 정적으로 부분 매개하는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 피아노 연주능력에 대한 대학생들의 동기적 믿음이 이들로 하여금 목표달성 가치를 지각하게 함으로써 연주연습을 위해 지속적인 노력을 기울이는데 기여한다는 사실을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among undergraduate piano students’motivational beliefs, value perception, and playing practice in piano. More specially, the study investigated the mediating roles of value perceptions in linking motivational beliefs to playing practice. A total of 224 university students (25 males, 199 females)completed a self-report survey for the study. Data were conducted using descriptive statistics, correlations, and structural equation modeling. The study suggested students’motivational beliefs related to music enhance intrinsic value, attainment value, and usefulness value, but only attainment value partially mediated the relationship between motivational beliefs and playing practice in piano. These findings imply that once students perceived values to practice, they become more persist and out forth greater effort for playing a piano.

Digital polymerase chain reaction을 이용한 바지락 기생충 Perkinsus olseni의 진단과 정량 가능성

김승현,Biyun Zhao,박경일 한국패류학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.35 No.4

The purpose of this study was to test the potential of digital PCR (dPCR) for diagnosing Perkinsus olseni. dPCR is currently one of the most effective molecular diagnosis techniques, as it is capable of quantifying the target sequence without a standard. Here, a primer pair and a probe were developed in the non-transcribed spacer region for diagnosis of P. olseni. In the sensitivity and specificity test, dPCR was able to detect as little as one P. olseni trophozoite, and could discriminate P. olseni from P. marinus. The number of P. olseni cells measured by dPCR was very similar to that determined by conventional cell counting. In conclusion, this study confirms that P. olseni can be quantified using dPCR. Additional validation is needed to access the efficiency of the technique in host tissues or environmental samples.

A Comparative Research of Selected Recordings of Piano “Solo Spring Dance” on Visualization Analysis

Xue,Biyun,Jeon,Yoonhan 한국문화융합학회 2019 문화와 융합 Vol.41 No.5

중국의 피아노 독주 작품인 <봄의 댄스>는 1949년 이후 중국 1세대 피아니스트인 순이강(孙以强)의 작품으로 2014, 2015년에 “중국 백년 걸작 피아노곡 모음집”에 선정되어 실렸다. 세계 각국의 피아노 연주자가 이 곡을 다른 버전으로 녹음하였는데, 본 연구에서는 중국의 연주가인 Lang Lang이 발행한 개인 앨범과 미국의 피아노 연주자인 Joel Schoenhals의 연주 버전을 선택하여 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 음악 원본과 연주 시간에 대해 차원적으로 분석하였다. 음향학의 측정과 IOI편차 곡선의 방법을 사용하였으며, 거시적으로는 속도 및 강약 그리고 미시적으로는 리듬의 변화로 나누어서 연주자 개인의 연주 스타일의 특징과 연주 중 음악 요소 처리의 표준을 종합하여, <봄의 댄스>의 각기 다른 연주 버전의 특징에 대해 컴퓨터 시각화 분석을 실시하였다. 미학의 관점에서 볼 때, 피아노 연주는 음악 작품 독자적인 특색의 형식미와 내용미가 부각되는 예술이다. 일반적으로 곡의 음표의 변화는 진정한 표현효과와 사람의 청각에의 직접적인 호소가 된다. 이렇게 연주자의 감정 판단을 뽑아낸 후의 연주 분석은 결코 연주를 예술적 구상과 밀접하게 연결시키지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터를 사용한 도형화와 시각화하는 분석 방법을 통하여, 중국과 서양을 대표하는 연주자들이 동일한 작품을 재해석하는 특성과 규칙을 연구하고자, 효과적인 분할과 점층적으로 연주자의 악단, 악절, 악구 및 더 나아가서 음표 하나하나 간의 비례관계, 관련한 속도의 유연성과 리듬의 변화를 나타내었다. 또한 이를 통해 음악 연주자의 활동에 실제적인 도움이 되고자 한다. The piano solo “Spring Dance” was composed by Sun Yiqiang, who is one of the first-generation pianists in China since 1949. In 2014 and 2015, it was selected to be a part of China’s Centennial Classic Piano Collections. Pianists across the world have recorded different versions of it. In this paper, two versions have been selected for comparison through a visualized analysis using a computer. They include Mr. Lang Lang’s performance, which is recorded as the first Chinese piano album in the world, and Mr. Joel Schoenhals’ performance, as an American pianist. The purpose of this research is to reveal the personal style and processing of musical elements during the performance at both the macro and micro level, through common methodologies including the acoustic measurement and IOI deviation curve. From an aesthetic perspective, the aim of piano performance is to deliver the beauty of music, both in form and content, to the audience. Traditionally, such delivery was achieved by converting the music score to a hearing effect. In addition, former researchers were dependent on the subjective judgment and analysis of harmony texture for the study of piano performance art. The drawback of such a conventional approach, wherein the performer’s emotion is ignored, is that one can hardly connect the performance to the real artistic conception of the music. The highlight of this paper is the application of a computeraided, visualized analysis to explore the re-creation features of the same music score by “oriental” and “western” pianists. The visualized analysis may demonstrate the performer’s expression on a music paragraph, phrase, and bar, until single notes, and their fluctuation and flexibility on the pace. This paper aims to provide reference and guidance for activities involving piano performances.

Real-World Data of Pyrotinib-Based Therapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Promising Efficacy in Lapatinib-Treated Patients and in Brain Metastasis

Ying Lin,Mingxi Lin,Jian Zhang,Biyun Wang,Zhonghua Tao,Yiqun Du,Sheng Zhang,Jun Cao,Leiping Wang,Xichun Hu 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.4

Purpose Pyrotinib is a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study reported the first real-world data of pyrotinib-based therapy in metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC), focusing on efficacy in lapatinib-treated patients and in brain metastasis. Materials and Methods One hundred thirteen patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC treated with pyrotinib-based therapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center under non-clinical trial settings from September 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019 were included. Results Over half patients have received more than two lines of systematic therapy and exposed to two or more kinds of anti-HER2 agents. Most patients received a combined therapy, commonly of pyrotinib plus capecitabine, or vinorelbine or trastuzumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months (range, 5.54 to 7.06 months) and objective response rate (ORR) was 29.5%, with two patients (1.9%) achieving complete response. Lapatinib-naïve patients had significantly longer PFS than lapatinib-treated patients (9.0 months vs. 5.4 months, p=0.001). ORR for lapatinib-treated patients was 23.2%. Thirty-one of 113 patients have brain metastasis. Median PFS was 6.7 months and intracranial ORR was 28%. For patients without concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was very low (6.3%). But for patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was 66.7%, and three patients achieved complete response. Most common adverse event was diarrhea. Conclusion Pyrotinib-based therapy demonstrated promising effects in metastatic HER2-positive BC and showed activity in lapatinib-treated patients. For patients with brain metastasis, pyrotinib-based regimen without radiotherapy showed limited efficacy, but when combined with radiotherapy it showed promising intracranial control.

Optimizing mechanical and thermal expansion properties of carbon/carbon composites by controlling textures

Wang Tiyuan,Zhang Shouyang,Ren Biyun,Li Kun,Li Wei,Li Hejun 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.10

The present study explored the effect of medium texture (MT) content on flexural properties and thermal expansion coefficients (CTES) of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with multilayered pyrolytic carbon. The specimen with 39% MT exhibited maximum flexural strength of 221.55 MPa, increasing by 52% compared with pure high texture. While the flexural strength decreased when the MT content exceeded 39%. The excellent strength can be attributed to crack deflection between multilayered texture and the strong interface bonding between fibers and matrix. Moreover, the four specimens expressed a similar trend of CTES in the direction of XY and Z. In the direction of XY, the specimen with 39% MT had the lowest CTES from 800 ◦C to 2100 ◦C. Therefore, the C/C composites with 39% MT have the best mechanical and thermal expansion properties, which means that the properties of C/C composites can be optimized by controlling the texture.

A Gene Cluster for the Biosynthesis of Dibenzodioxocinons in the Endophyte Pestalotiopsis microspora, a Taxol Producer

( Yanjie Liu ),( Longfei Chen ),( Qiaohong Xie ),( Xi Yu ),( Anqing Duan ),( Yamin Lin ),( Biyun Xiang ),( Xiaoran Hao ),( Wanwan Chen ),( Xudong Zhu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.10

The fungal products dibenzodioxocinones promise a novel class of inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT). Knowledge as to their biosynthesis is scarce. In this report, we characterized four more dibenzodioxocinones, which along with a previously described member pestalotiollide B, delimit the dominant spectrum of secondary metabolites in P. microspora. Through mRNA-seq profiling in gα1Δ, a process that halts the production of the dibenzodioxocinones, a gene cluster harboring 21 genes including a polyketide synthase, designated as pks8, was defined. Disruption of genes in the cluster led to loss of the compounds, concluding the anticipated role in the biosynthesis of the chemicals. The biosynthetic route to dibenzodioxocinones was temporarily speculated. This study reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of dibenzodioxocinone in fungi, and may facilitate the practice for yield improvement in the drug development arena.

Genetic variant in TP63 on locus 3q28 is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma among never-smoking females in Asia

Hosgood III, H. Dean,Wang, Wen-Chang,Hong, Yun-Chul,Wang, Jiu-Cun,Chen, Kexin,Chang, I-Shou,Chen, Chien-Jen,Lu, Daru,Yin, Zhihua,Wu, Chen,Zheng, Wei,Qian, Biyun,Park, Jae Yong,Kim, Yeul Hong,Chatterje Springer-Verlag 2012 HUMAN GENETICS Vol.131 No.7

<P>A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of subjects from Japan and South Korea reported a novel association between the TP63 locus on chromosome 3q28 and risk of lung adenocarcinoma (p = 7.3 10(-12)); however, this association did not achieve genome-wide significance (p 10(-7)) among never-smoking males or females. To determine if this association with lung cancer risk is independent of tobacco use, we genotyped the TP63 SNPs reported by the previous GWAS (rs10937405 and rs4488809) in 3,467 never-smoking female lung cancer cases and 3,787 never-smoking female controls from 10 studies conducted in Taiwan, Mainland China, South Korea, and Singapore. Genetic variation in rs10937405 was associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma [n = 2,529 cases; p = 7.1 10(-8); allelic risk = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74-0.87]. There was also evidence of association with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 302 cases; p = 0.037; allelic risk = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67-0.99). Our findings provide strong evidence that genetic variation in TP63 is associated with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma among Asian females in the absence of tobacco smoking.</P>