Traffic Flow and Efficient Routing on Scale-Free Networks: A Survey

Bing-Hong Wang,Tao Zhou 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.1I

Recently, motivated by the pioneering that have revealed the small-world eect and scale-free property of various real-life networks, many scientists are devoting themselves to studying complex networks. In this paper, we give a brief review of studies on tra±c °ow and e±cient routing on scale-free networks, including tra±c dynamics based on the global routing protocol, tra±c dynamics based on the local routing protocol, and the critical phenomena and scaling behaviors of real and arti.cial tra±c. Finally, perspectives and some interesting problems are discussed.

清代順天府與京畿行政控制

王洪兵(Wang Hong-bing) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2009 아시아연구 Vol.- No.7

순천부는 청대 수도 지역의 중요한 행정아문으로, 통치자는 순천부가 수도를 다스리는 과정에서 발휘하는 작용을 중시하였다. 순천부의 행정체제의 강화에는 깊은 사회사적 배경이 있었다. 청 초기에 수도를 연경으로 정한 것을 시작으로, 통치자는 여러 차례 수도 지역의 행정관리 방식을 조정하였는데, 강희, 옹정 시기부터 점차 직예총독이 수도 부근 지방 행정에 대해 전권을 행사하게 하는 기본 구조가 형성되어 갔다. 직예총독의 설치는 청 전기 중앙집권이 나날이 강화되어간 결과였으며, 수도 근처 지역 각 행정 사무의 전체적인 관리에 대해 유리한 것이었다. 그러나 직예총독의 권한이 중요해지고 지위가 높아지면서 관할 구역도 더욱 넓어졌다. 직예총독의 권세가 강화되면서 청대 중앙권력의 통치사상에 대해서도 어느 정도 영향을 주게 되었다. 수도 지역의 통제를 강화하기 위해서, 옹정, 건륭 시기에 통치자는 순천부에 주접권을 수여하고, 순천부윤에 사무대신을 설치하여 통괄하게 하는 등의 방식으로 계속해서 순천부의 행정 지위를 향상 시켰다.건륭 시대 중기에 이르러 순천부 행정체제는 이미 기본적으로 성숙하였다. 순천부에서는 부윤이 독립적으로 각종 사무를 처리할 수 있는 권한이 있었고, 직예총독의 간섭을 받지 않았다. 건륭 시대 중후기에 이르러 수도 지역의 지방행정체제는 순천부 부윤과 직예총독 공동 관리의 기본 형식을 채택하였고, 양자에 의한 수도 행정체제의 기본 틀이 만들어졌다. 수도 지역의 통제를 더욱 강화하기 위하여 건륭제는 수도 행정제도의 수립을 중시하였고, 수도의 주현을 다스리는 실천 과정 중에서 순천부 부윤과직예 총독의 이중 감독체제를 운용하였다. 이에 순천부의 특별한 행정지위는 수도를 다스리는 통치 과정에서 보다 부각되게 되었다. 무청의 비황 사건은 청대 수도행정체제의 변혁 과정 중 하나의 상징적 사건이었다고 할 수 있다. 건륭 17년에 순천부 무청현에서 황재가 발생하였는데, 황재를 둘러싸고 건륭제와 직예총독, 순천부 부윤 그리고 주현 관원들이 여러 방면에서 공동 대처하였다. 황재 발생 후, 직예 총독과 순천부부윤은 건륭제에게 서로 모순된 상주문을 잇달아 보내었는데, 건륭제는 조사를 통하여 직예총독의 황재를 숨기려는 의도를 알아차리고, 직예 행정체제의 운영 과정 중에 성실하지 않고 책임을 면하려할 뿐 감독을 제대로 하지 않는 폐단이 있음을 알게 되었다. 수도 행정 체제의 효과적인 운영을 확보하기 위해서 건륭제가 이 비황사건을 이용하여 수도 행정체제를 조정 하고, 순천부의 행정지위를 향상시켰으며, 순천부와 직예총독의 감독 구조를 강화시켰으니, 무청 비황사건은 청대 수도 행정체제 변천의 중요 계기가 되었던 것이다. In the Qing Dynasty, Shun Tien Fu Yin(順天府尹) and Zhili Tsung Tu(直隸總督) constituted the basic framework of Beijing administrative system. In the Beijing area, Shun Tien Fu is the part of Zhili Province. In the Qian Long(乾隆) Period, Shun Tien Fu’s Administrative status increased gradually. During this period, Shun Tien Fu obtained the right to submit Zou Zhe(奏摺) to the Emperor immediately. Shun Tien Fu was becoming more independent in Beijing administrative system. Shun Tien Fu was controlled Directly under the central government when it’s system becomed mature, Zhili Tsung Tu have no right to dominate Fu Yin(府尹). In order to strengthen the administration of the Beijing surrounding areas, Qian Long Emperor pay more attention to the construction of the Beijing administrative system. In the process of administrative practice, Qian Long Emperor adjustment the relations between Shun Tien Fu Yin and Zhili Tsung Tu. In the new administrative system, Shun Tien Fu Yin accessed to the power to supervise Zhili Tsung Tu. Qian Long Period is the most important time for the development of Shun Tien Fu. In the Qian Long 17 years, there occurred locust infestation in the Wu Qing county(武清縣). Arounding this event, Qian Long Emperor, Zhili Tsung Tu, Shun Tien Fu Yin and County magistrates took various measures. Qian Long Emperor attempted to adjust the administrative system of Beijing, to improve the status of the Shun Tien Fu. The case become an important opportunity for the evolution of Beijing administrative system.

Development and Validation of Nomograms to Provide Individualized Predictions of Sur-vival Benefits from Surgery in Patients with Intermediate/Advanced Hepatocel-lular Carcinoma

( Wen-tao Yan ),( Jia-he Wang ),( Ming-da Wang ),( Zheng Wang ),( Bing Quan ),( Ya-hao Zhou ),( Wei-min Gu ),( Hong Wang ),( Ting-hao Chen ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: According to the BCLC treatment guidelines, surgery does not be recommended for intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In real world, however, liver resections are often performed in patients with intermediate/ advanced but resectable HCC, especially in the East. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated multicentric data of 1,325 patients newly diagnosed with intermediate/advanced HCC who underwent curative resection. We randomly divided the subjects into development (n = 875) and validation (n = 450) samples. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed and separately validated on the basis of patients’ clinicopathological variables assessed for associations with 1-year recurrence and 3-year mortality. The discriminatory accuracy of these models was compared with conventional tools by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: He statistical nomograms built based on performance status, Child-Pugh grade, portal hypertension, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor rupture, largest tumor diameter, tumor number, macrovascular and microvascular invasion, and satellites had good calibration and discriminatory abilities, with c-indices of 0.70 (1-year recurrence) and 0.68 (3-year survival), respectively. These models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit and discrimination abilities in the validation cohort (c-index, 0.68 for 1-year recurrence and 0.69 for 3-year survival). The areas under the ROC curve using these nomograms exceeded those of traditional staging systems, indicating superior discriminatory capability (c-indices, 0.60-0.63 and 0.56-0.62, respectively). Conclusions: Our proposed online nomograms, which present graphically postoperative prognostic models for recurrence and survival in patients with intermediate/advanced but resectable HCC, offer valuable guidance to surgeons and hepatologists for individually predicting survival benefits from surgery and planning recurrence surveillance and adjuvant therapy.

Baimantuoluosides D-G, Four New Withanolide Glucosides from the Flower of Datura metel L.

Bing-you Yang,Yong-gang Xia,Qiu-hong Wang,De-qiang Dou,Hai-xue Kuang 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.8

In our search for bioactive anti-psoriasis compounds from the flower of Datura metel L, we isolated four new withanolide glucosides, baimantuoluosides D, E, F and G (1-4). The structures of the new compounds are (5α,6α,7β,22R)-5,6,7,27-tetrahydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dien-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (5α,6β,7α,22R)-5,6,7,27-tetrahydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dien-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (5α,6β,7α,12β,22R)-5,6,7,12,27-pentahydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dien-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and (5α,6β,22R)-5,6,27-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dien-27-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.

Fe0/C-bentonite alginate beads and oyster shell fixed-bed column combined process to continuously remove N-acetyl-p-aminophenol in persulfate system

Bing-huang Wang,Qian Zhang,Jun-Ming Hong 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-

In this study, the ion-gelation method was applied to fabricate novel Fe–carbon–bentonite–alginate beads (Fe0/C-BABs). Fe0/C-BABs could effectively control Fe release during persulfate (PS) activation in N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) oxidation. A novel two-stage approach that combined Fe0/C-BABs and an oyster-shell-filled bed (OSFB) column was developed to address the low pH and high Fe concentration of the effluent of the traditional PS process. The application of the Fe0/C-BABs and OSFB column regulated pH levels and Fe release during the advanced oxidation of APAP. The characteristics of Fe0/C-BABs were also investigated through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The long-term operation performance of Fe0/C-BABs in a continuous fixed-bed reactor under simultaneous PS and APAP feeding was also evaluated. The effects of initial PS concentration, pH, fixed-bed weight, in-flow rate, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were investigated. Under selected conditions, 86.3% efficiency was achieved during the first stage of APAP degradation (effluent pH of 3.05, Fe contents: 106.25 mg L−1). Water quality improved after the effluent was passed through the OSFB column (effluent pH of 6.32, Fe contents: 21.43 mg L−1). Moreover, this study analyzed the free radicals and intermediates produced during APAP degradation to identify the possible routes of APAP degradation.

Clinical Utility of Haptoglobin in Combination with CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Wang, Bing,He, Yu-Jie,Tian, Ying-Xing,Yang, Rui-Ning,Zhu, Yue-Rong,Qiu, Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value in lung cancer of a combination of four serum tumor markers, haptoglobin (Hp), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as the cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). Materials and Methods: Serum Hp (with immune-turbidimetric method), CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1 (with chemiluminescence method) level were assessed in 193 patients with lung cancer, 87 patients with benign lung disease and 150 healthy controls. Differences of expression were compared among groups, and joint effects of these tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Serum tumor marker levels in patients with lung cancer were obviously higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (p<0.01). The sensitivities of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were 43.5%, 40.9%, 23.3% and 41.5%, with specificities of 90.7%, 99.2%, 97.9% and 97.9%. Four tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 85.0%, significantly higher than that of any single test. With squamous carcinomas, the positive detection rates with Hp and CYFRA21-1 were higher than that of other markers. In the adenocarcinoma case, the positive detection rate of CEA was higher than that of other markers. For small cell carcinomas, the positive detection rate of NSE was highest. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve ($AUC^{ROC}$) of Hp in squamous carcinoma (0.805) was higher than in adenocarcinoma (0.664) and small cell carcinoma (0.665). Conclusions: Hp can be used as a new serum tumor marker for lung cancer. Combination detection of Hp, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 could significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of lung cancer, and could be useful for pathological typing.

Solution Method and Application Verification of the K-curve as a Highway Transition Curve

Bing-hong Pan,Changpeng Wen,Kaiming Wang,Changjiang Liu,Linqi Chen 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.7

Because of the singular form and low flexibility of the clothoid as a highway transition curve in highway horizontal alignment, the K-curve, whose ratio of the chord-tangent angle to the tangential angle at any point is fixed, was proposed in a previous work, including the corresponding parametric equations and basic characteristics, and its high flexibility and various shapes were proved. Here, the application and verification of the K-curve in highway alignment is further studied. The solution methods of the K-curve for different connections are given. Through theoretical calculations and specific real-world examples, the geometric positions and lateral forces of the K-curve and the clothoid under different connection conditions are compared. The results show that the difference between the K-curve and clothoid in the above two aspects under a straight line-to-circle connection is greater than that under a circle-to-circle connection as an egg curve, and although the lateral force coefficient of the K-curve is smaller than that of the clothoid, the K-curve suffers from rapid change in the lateral force coefficient and a higher lateral acceleration change rate. Finally, the application conditions of the K-curve for highway alignment design are given with consideration of the centrifugal acceleration change rate.

Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wang, Wei-Lan,Tang, Zhi-Hui,Xie, Ting-Ting,Xiao, Bing-Kun,Zhang, Xin-Yu,Guo, Dai-Hong,Wang, Dong-Xiao,Pei, Fei,Si, Hai-Yan,Zhu, Man Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Background: Many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate sorafenib for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but the results for efficacy have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced NSCLC in more detail by meta-analysis. Methods: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed after searching PubMed, EMBASE, ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, and the proceedings of major conferences for relevant clinical trials. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials. Outcomes analysis were disease control rate (DCR), progression- free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and major toxicity. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sorafenib monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy or EGFR-TKI to investigate the preferred therapy strategy. Results: Results reported from 6 RCTs involving 2, 748 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to sorafenib-free group, SBT was not associated with higher DCR (RR 1.31 (0.96- 1.79), p=0.09), PFS (HR 0.82 (0.66-1.02), p=0.07) and OS (HR 1.01 (0.92-1.12), p=0.77). In terms of subgroup results, sorafenib monotherapy was associated with significant superior DCR and longer PFS, but failed to show advantage with regard to OS. Grade 3 or greater sorafenib-related adverse events included fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, oral mucositis, rash and HFSR. Conclusions: SBT was revealed to yield no improvement in DCR, PFS and OS. However, sorafenib as monotherapy showed some activity in NSCLC. Further evaluation may be considered in subsets of patients who may benefit from this treatment. Sorafenib combined inhibition therapy should be limited unless the choice of platinum-doublet regimen, administration sequence or identification of predictive biomarkers are considered to receive better anti-tumor activity and prevention of resistance mechanisms.

Metastasis associated genomic aberrations in stage II rectal cancer

Hong Zhao,Zhi-Zhou Shi,Rui Jiang,Dong-Bing Zhao,Hai-Tao Zhou,Jian-Wei Liang,Xin-Yu Bi,Jian-Jun Zhao,Zhi-Yu Li,Jian-Guo Zhou,Zhen Huang,Ye-Fan Zhang,Jian Wang,Xin Xu,Yan Cai,Ming-Rong Wang,Yu Zhang 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.11

Genomic aberrations of rectal carcinoma, especially DNA copy number changes associated with metastasis were largely unclear. We aim to identify the metastasis associated biomarkers in stage II rectal cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues of stage II rectal carcinoma were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and genomic aberrations were identified by Genomic Workbench and SAM software. Copy number changes and mRNA expressions were validated by Real-time PCR in an independent rectal cancer samples. The results showed that the most frequent gains in stage II rectal cancer were at 1q21.2-q23.1, 3p21.31, 11q12.2-q23.3, 12q24.11-q24.31, 12q13.11-q14.1 and losses in 18q11.2-q23, 17q21.33-q22, 13q31.1-q31.3, 21q21.1-q21.3, 8p23.3-p23.1 and 4q22.1-q23. Twenty-two amplifications and five homozygous deletions were also identified. We further found that S100A1 (1q21.3-q23.1), MCM7 (7q22.1) and JUND (19p13.11) were amplified and overexpressed in stage II rectal cancer. Interestingly, the genomic aberrations affected 14 signaling pathways including VEGF signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Most importantly, loss of 13q31.1-q34 and gain of 1q44 were associated with distant metastasis. Our results indicated that these metastasis associated genomic changes may be useful to reveal the pathogenesis of rectal cancer metastasis and identify candidate biomarkers.

THE GAITS AND WALKING CONTROL OF HT-II QUADRUPED WALKING ROBOT

Hong Bing Rong,Kong Fan Gang,Chen Xiong Biao,Wang Shu Yi 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 Conference Vol.1992 No.2