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M. Huchede,C. Lorentz,L. Cardenas,D. Morvan,V. Bellière-Baca,J.M.M. Millet 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.88 No.-
We report on the catalytic dehydration of 3-hydroxybutanone to butenone (but-3-en-2-one or methylvinyl ketone), which could become a key step in a new bio-based process for the production of vitamin A. The gas-phase dehydration reaction has been studied with various trivalent orthophosphates underatmospheric pressure, at temperatures ranging between 250 and 350 C. Although FePO4, CePO4, YPO4 and BPO4 are found to be either poorly active, or poorly selective tobutanone, the other rare-earth phosphates tested in this study allowed higher butanone yields to beobtained than has been previously reported. We show that the catalytic properties of these compoundsdepend on the nature of the rare-earth element. The most promising results are obtained with LaPO4,which is characterized by a 93% selectivity to butenone at 92% conversion. The catalytic activity andselectivity of the most efficient catalysts are discussed in terms of their surface acidity and basicity.
Strategies towards ending violence against girls and young women in Mathare informal settlement
Yvonne Bellys AKOTH 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2018 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.1
A significant number of girls and young women in informal settlements are subjected to sexual and physical violence. There is an urgent need for a renewed approach to impart knowledge and information on recognizing, preventing and ending violence targeted at the most vulnerable members of our society. Empowering young women and girls to know and exercise their rights is a step forward towards achieving gender equality. In the recent past, we have seen cases of child paedophilia which has ended in murder, the undressing of women marred with sexual harassment in open public spaces, and the chopping of women’s body parts in domestic disputes. Recent campaigns such as the ‘My Dress My Choice Campaign’ in Kenya showed how women’s freedom is curtailed. This research looks at violence against girls and young women 10 to 24 years of age in Nairobi’s Mathare informal settlement. We look at women’s freedom over their bodies as well as their personal space from childhood to young adulthood in low income neighbourhoods. Whereas the Kenyan government, international development partners and non-governmental organizations have taken an active role in ensuring the persecution of perpetrators of violence, a lot remains to be done to guarantee safety and security of women and girls in Nairobi’s second largest informal settlement.
3D printed mesh reinforcements enhance the mechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds
Nicholas W. Pensa,Andrew S. Curry,Paul P. Bonvallet,Nathan F. Bellis,Kayla M. Rettig,Michael S. Reddy,Alan W. Eberhardt,Susan L. Bellis 한국생체재료학회 2019 생체재료학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Background: There is substantial interest in electrospun scaffolds as substrates for tissue regeneration and repair due to their fibrous, extracellular matrix-like composition with interconnected porosity, cost-effective production, and scalability. However, a common limitation of these scaffolds is their inherently low mechanical strength and stiffness, restricting their use in some clinical applications. In this study we developed a novel technique for 3D printing a mesh reinforcement on electrospun scaffolds to improve their mechanical properties. Methods: A poly (lactic acid) (PLA) mesh was 3D-printed directly onto electrospun scaffolds composed of a 40:60 ratio of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to gelatin, respectively. PLA grids were printed onto the electrospun scaffolds with either a 6mm or 8mm distance between the struts. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to determine if the 3D printing process affected the archtitecture of the electrospun scaffold. Tensile testing was used to ascertain mechanical properties (strength, modulus, failure stress, ductility) of both unmodified and reinforced electrospun scaffolds. An in vivo bone graft model was used to assess biocompatibility. Specifically, reinforced scaffolds were used as a membrane cover for bone graft particles implanted into rat calvarial defects, and implant sites were examined histologically. Results: We determined that the tensile strength and elastic modulus were markedly increased, and ductility reduced, by the addition of the PLA meshes to the electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, the scaffolds maintained their matrix-like structure after being reinforced with the 3D printed PLA. There was no indication at the graft/tissue interface that the reinforced electrospun scaffolds elicited an immune or foreign body response upon implantation into rat cranial defects. Conclusion: 3D-printed mesh reinforcements offer a new tool for enhancing the mechanical strength of electrospun scaffolds while preserving the advantageous extracellular matrix-like architecture. The modification of electrospun scaffolds with 3D-printed reinforcements is expected to expand the range of clinical applications for which electrospun materials may be suitable.
Checklist of Culicoides fauna of the Republic of Korea
Myung-Soon Kim,Jee Yong Park,Yun Sang Cho,In Soo Cho,Heung-Chul Kim,Terry A. Klein,Glenn Bellis 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille are important pests of humans and livestock and many species act as vectors of important medical and veterinary pathogens. Culicoides and other biting flies were collected using black light traps set near nine cowsheds, as described by Kim et al., and New Jersey light traps set at 10 US army installations and one military training site from May to October, 2010– 2011 as part of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency and 65th Medical Brigade (Eighth US Army, Korea) arthropod-borne disease surveillance program. Culicoides spp. were separated and identified to species using the keys and descriptions of Arnaud, Wada and Yu et al. and checklist of Cho and Chong. Kim et al. provided a brief summary of the history of research into the Culicoides fauna of the ROK noting the presence of several species of medical and veterinary importance. There are currently 28 species of Culicoides reported from the ROK and the presence of additional species has been reported by Cho & Chong, Kang & Yu and Lee, suggesting that the fauna has not yet been fully documented. Additionally, recent uses of DNA barcoding, by Bellis et al. have clarified the status of several species of Culicoides elsewhere and if applied more fully to Korean material, will likely reveal more records and perhaps new species. Surveys of adult biting midges from the ROK resulted in the discovery of three species previously not known from the ROK. So a total of 31 species of Culicoides are now known from the ROK. This study reports the presence of C. nasuensis Kitaoka, C. pallidulus Yu and C. jacobsoni Macfie from the ROK and an updated checklist of the Culicoides fauna of the ROK.
Xu, X.Q.,Belli, E.,Bodi, K.,Candy, J.,Chang, C.S.,Cohen, R.H.,Colella, P.,Dimits, A.M.,Dorr, M.R.,Gao, Z.,Hittinger, J.A.,Ko, S.,Krasheninnikov, S.,McKee, G.R.,Nevins, W.M.,Rognlien, T.D.,Snyder, P.B. International Atomic Energy Agency 2009 Nuclear fusion Vol.49 No.6
<P>We present edge gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak plasmas using the fully non-linear (full-<I>f</I>) continuum code TEMPEST. A non-linear Boltzmann model is used for the electrons. The electric field is obtained by solving the 2D gyrokinetic Poisson equation. We demonstrate the following. (1) High harmonic resonances (<I>n</I> > 2) significantly enhance geodesic-acoustic mode (GAM) damping at high <I>q</I> (tokamak safety factor), and are necessary to explain the damping observed in our TEMPEST <I>q</I>-scans and consistent with the experimental measurements of the scaling of the GAM amplitude with edge <I>q</I><SUB>95</SUB> in the absence of obvious evidence that there is a strong <I>q</I>-dependence of the turbulent drive and damping of the GAM. (2) The kinetic GAM exists in the edge for steep density and temperature gradients in the form of outgoing waves, its radial scale is set by the ion temperature profile, and ion temperature inhomogeneity is necessary for GAM radial propagation. (3) The development of the neoclassical electric field evolves through different phases of relaxation, including GAMs, their radial propagation and their long-time collisional decay. (4) Natural consequences of orbits in the pedestal and scrape-off layer region in divertor geometry are substantial non-Maxwellian ion distributions and parallel flow characteristics qualitatively like those observed in experiments.</P>
Duan Ying Liang,Bellis Glenn,Yang Zhen Xing,Li Zhan Hong,Liu Bing Gang,Li Le 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4
DNA barcodes obtained from cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) offer a fast and easy way to identify a range of biological organisms. Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are a group of small, blood sucking midges whose species are the vectors for some arboviruses, such as bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and equine encephalosis virus. Identification of these small insects is difficult so constructing DNA barcode libraries for species present in certain areas is helpful to clarify the taxonomy and assist non-specialist workers to identify species. In this study, we analysed specimens belonging to C. subgenus Hoffmania collected from 12 towns of Yunnan Province, China. Specimens were identified by morphology and processed to construct DNA barcodes. A total of 185 specimens referable to 6 morphological species were pro cessed for cox1 and 28S rRNA sequencing. The resulting 185 cox1 sequences were assigned to 13 barcode index numbers (BINs) which include 9 novel BINs. Molecular and morphological evidence was used to support the transfer of 4 species previously assigned to C. subg. Avaritia into C. subg. Hoffmania. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of 7 potential cryptic species within C. innoxius, three within C. liui and two within C. insignipennis.
Integration of Wi-Fi mobile nodes in a Web of Things Testbed
Luca Davoli,Laura Belli,Antonio Cilfone,Gianluigi Ferrari 한국통신학회 2016 ICT Express Vol.2 No.3
The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to connect billions of devices to the Internet through IP-based communications. The main goal is to foster a rapid deployment of Web-enabled everyday objects, allowing end users to manage and control smart things in a simple way, by using Web browsers. This paper focuses on the integration of Wi-Fi nodes, hosting HTTP resources, into a Web of Things Testbed (WoTT). The main novelty of the proposed approach is that the WoTT integrates new nodes by using only standard mechanisms, allowing end-users to interact with all Smart Objects without worrying about protocol-specific details.