냉전기 太平洋지역 美·蘇간 해군력 경쟁

정광호(Jung, Gwang-Ho) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2017 군사 Vol.- No.104

In the Pacific region, the mechanism of the power between inter-nation is acted on a maritime geopolitical principle through a crucial maritime sphere. In other words, the mechanism have been operated according to the principles such as the action-reaction, the balance of offense-defense, resulted in the occupying of new challenging power at the vacancies of other power in the pacific region. Since the mid 1970s, the dominance of the naval forces between the two countries has been reversed due to the arrival of detente according to the reconciliation of the U.S. and China, the rising of a reversal atmosphere following the defeat of the Vietnam War, and the construction of the Soviet navy. In the pacific region, such an U.S. defensive strategy gives the Soviet Union a blank of power recognition in the Asia-Pacific ocean. Based on this recognition, the Soviet Union navy has reinforced a naval power. The U.S. navy has converted defensive maritime strategy into offensive maritime strategy(sea strike strategy, sea plan 2000) against the Soviet navy’s challenge. The U.S. navy argued that a naval force of 600-ships would be needed to maintain a balance with the Soviet navy, take maritime control and have military power projection capability through its forward deployment in the peacetime. the U.S. navy has planed a offensive plan the ‘maritime strike strategy’ and the ‘maritime plan 2000’ that denied access to the Soviet navy. In other words, in the pacific region, the mechanism of the physical force of offense and defense in the U.S. and Soviet navy was developed as follows. The Soviet perception of U.S. powerlessness in the Cold War has brought the Soviet Union to the pacific fleet’s increase to defend the crucial maritime sphere in Sea of Okhotsk Sea, and as a result, the U.S. navy has converted defensive maritime strategy into offensive maritime strategy.

미국 교육바우처의 효과 분석: 무작위실험 사례를 중심으로

정광호 ( Kwang Ho Jung ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2010 行政論叢 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구는 미국의 교육바우처의 현황과 그 성과를 살펴보고 있다. 이 프로그램은 빈곤집단을 대상으로 한 자산형 바우처(means tested voucher)의 성격을 가지고 있다. 미국의 교육바우처는 주정부 또는 연방정부가 지원하는 것과 민간재단이 지원하는 것으로 구분된다. 본 연구는 이 중에서 무작위 실험연구가 가능한 프로그램들의 효과를 분석하고 있다. 최근 실증연구에 따르면 미국 교육바우처에 대한 학부모의 만족도는 매우 높다. 특히 교육바우처의 학업향상효과는 흑인집단과 산수과목에서 두드러진다. 하지만 교육바우처의 이용으로 단기간에 나타난 학업성적의 향상 정도에 대해서는 다소 논란이 있다. 앞으로 교육바우처가 확대된다면 기존 공립학교가 어떤 영향을 받을지 그리고 여기에 참여하는 비종교계통의 사립학교들이 어떤 성과를 거둘지 추가 연구가 필요하다. 이와 관련하여 칠레나 콜롬비아처럼 대규모 교육바우처를 시행한 국가들의 경험은 향후 연구에 좋은 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. This study summarizes the current status and performance of educational voucher programs in the United States. The programs feature a type of means-tested voucher especially for the poor. They consist of two forms of vouchers supported either by government or private foundations. This study analyzes the effectiveness of randomized voucher programs. Recent empirical studies have reported a consistently high level of satisfaction with them among US parents. In addition, there have been remarkable academic achievements in math and reading for blacks. However, the positive effects of the voucher on short-term academic performance are still controversial. Further studies are required to explore the effects of the expansion of voucher programs on public schools and on the performance of private non-sectarian schools. The recent experiences of Chile and Columbia, where national experiments of educational vouchers have been conducted, can provide various policy implications for this future research.

냉전 시 소련의 해양전략과 미국의 대응

정광호(Jung, Gwang-ho) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2013 군사 Vol.- No.89

Although the Soviet’s military strategy was continent oriented in the 1920~1930, the Soviet Union had two maritime strategies. The first was ‘the old school ’that pursued the traditional maritime strategy, contending that it had to strengthen nuclear powered battleships and cruises to command the sea despite the limitations of the geopolitics and sufficient forces and this is in the same vein as the classical theory of maritime strategy by Colomb and Mahan. The second was ‘the young school’ that pursued small navy with patrol killers, destroyers, submarines and land based naval aircraft, contending that it could deny enemy’s command of the sea, which is better than to defeat the enemy and command the sea. Following the two schools, the soviet school emerged which emphasized the limited sea power, focusing on the equal force strategy and current aggressive fleet in 1949. On the other hand, the Soviet Union in 1956 had made use of a naval power as a means of national policy with the advent of Gorshkov. Since 1970, sea denial strategy was adopted by the Soviet’s maritime strategy of the Soviet Union and started to expand the Soviet Union’s interest in the Asia-Pacific region. As the Soviet navy increased his powerin the Pacific region, the U.S. Navy changed to active maritime strategy. in the past the U.S. navy was forced to play a passive role with a ground oriented forces in the Atlantic region after World War-Ⅱ. The concept of ‘aggressive maritime strategy,’ ‘Sea Plan 2000,’and ‘600 Navy Ships’ had strengthened U.S. navy’s doctrine and these became the specific and clear maritime strategy of the U.S. Therefore, this article will find out the changes in maritime strategy of the U.S. in response to the Soviet maritime strategy during the Cold War.

기설변전소 IEC61850 적용 시 SCADA 연계 방안에 대한 연구

정광호(Kwang-Ho JUNG),정선철(Sun-Chul JUNG),명영재(Young-Jae Myung) 대한전기학회 2013 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.7

문화격차 분석과 문화바우처 정책설계

정광호(Jung Kwang-Ho),최병구(Choi Byung-Goo) 한국지방정부학회 2006 지방정부연구 Vol.10 No.4

최근 문화격차 현상이 심화됨에 따라 정책수단으로 문화바우처에 대한 관심이 높다. 그러나 문화바우처 추진 근거로서 문화격차에 대한 체계적인 분석과 더불어 실제 바우처 설계와 운영에 대한 학계의 연구는 드물다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 문화바우처 도입의 근거로서 문화격차에 대한 선행이론 검토와 실증분석을 하였다. 지난 2000년, 2003년, 2006년에 조사된 전국 문화향수실태 자료와 2002년 국민문화지수 자료를 근거로 문화격차와 관련된 변인을 탐색했다. 본 연구결과 가구소득, 문화교육 경험, 문화교육시간, 문화교육네트워크, 도시지역, 여성의 경우 문화비 지출이나 지출규모에 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 특히 문화활동영역에서 소외되는 현상은 월평균 100만원 이하의 저소득 계층이나 문화교육 경험이 없는 집단에서 더 욱 심각했다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 향후 저소득층에 대한 문화지원 확대 그리고 문화리터러시 향상에 초점을 둔 문화바우처 운영을 역설하고 있다. 나아가 문화바우처의 고객반응성을 높이고 지역사회의 다양한 문화활동과의 연계성을 강화하기 위해 지역사회 복지서비스와 함께 가는 문화바우처를 제안하고 있다. A recent widening of the cultural divide in South Korea arouses scholars" interest in the cultural voucher as a policy instrument. There are, however, only a few comprehensive analyses of the scientific basis of the cultural voucher since there is also little interest in its design and management in the policy-making community. This study attempts to provide theoretical discussion and empirical analyses of the cultural voucher. This study examines variables related to the cultural divide relying on both the 2000, 2003 and 2006 Survey Reports on Cultural Enjoyment, and the 2002 Survey of Cultural Activities. This study shows that household income, experience in cultural education, hours of cultural education, cultural network, region, and gender has significant effects on cultural activities and spending. Cultural exclusion is a more serious problem for those with typically less than one million won per month of household income and those lacking the experience of cultural education. Finally, this study suggests policy implications, including an expansion of cultural support for the disadvantaged, an increase of cultural literacy, and the voucher package to integrate cultural activities and citizens" needs into viable social services in communities.

동양과 서양의 문화적 차이에 의한 건축과 가구의 디자인 관계성에 관한 연구

정광호 ( Kwang Ho Jung ) 한국상품문화디자인학회 2014 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.38 No.-

동양과 서양은 과거에서부터 현재까지 서로의 문화적 차이를 인정하며 각자 발전을 추구 해왔다. 최근 인터넷 등의 영향으로 이러한 문화적 경계의 구분이 완화되어가고 있다. 그러나 수세기동안 각자의 문화권에서 발전을 이루어 왔던 보이지 않는 차이는 존재 한다. 따라서 디자인의 원천적인 소스는 다르다고 할 수 있다. 그중 우리가 주목해야 할 것 중의하나로 서양에서는 건축가가 가구를 직접 디자인하는 경우가 많다. 이런 현상은 과거에서부터 현재 까지 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 동양에서는 가구는 가구디자이너가 건축은 건축가가 따로 디자인하는 것이 일반적이다. 동서양이 문화적, 경제적으로 교류가 활발해진 최근에도 이런 관행은 지속되어가고 있다. 이는 분명히 역사적으로 특별한 계기가 있었으리라 추정할 수 있다. 연구의 절차로는 문화형성과 디자인의 체계, 건축과 가구의 연계성에 중점을 두었다. 연구하다 보면 표면적으로는 드러나지 않지만 동양과 서양의 오랜 관습과 문화를 바탕으로 디자인의 영역이 구분되어 왔다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 현상이 현재의 디자인에도 영향을 미치고 있다는 점을 알 수 있을 것이다. 결과적으로 향후에는 가구디자인 분야가 건축, 인테리어 등 다양한 분야와 조율되어 발전시킬 수 있을 것이다. 동양과 서양의 문화적 차이에 의한 디자인과 관계된 다른 사례도 많이 있을 것이지만, 이번 연구를 기반으로 추후 유사한 맥락에서 연구할 분야가 많을 것으로 보여 진다. Eastern and Western has recognized each other``s cultural differences and pursued the development from the past to the present. Recently, this cultural boundary is becoming mitigate the distinction due to the impact of Internet. However, invisible cultural differences which have developed separate ways for centuries are exist. Therefore, the original source of the design can be different. Among them, we have to pay attention that the architects have designed furnitures directly in many cases in the Western from the past to the present. In the Eastern, however, the role of furniture designer and architect is generally separate. This practice is continuing even though the Eastern and Western cultural and economic exchanges become active, recently. Historically, there was a special occasion which would obviously can be deducted. The study of this phenomenon is revealed that the area of design is divided based on the old customs and culture of Eastern and Western while it is not come to the front. The research process as Focused on the design scheme, the link between architecture and furniture, and cultural forms. This phenomenon also affects the modern design. In the future, field of furniture design can be developed by blending various fields such as architecture, interior and all that sort of things. There are many other examples of designs relating with the cultural difference between Eastern and Western to be revealed. This study can be a starting point of further study in the similar context.

간접접근전략으로서 해상봉쇄의 전략적 가치에 관한 연구 - 미국의 해상봉쇄 경험 사례를 중심으로

정광호(Jung Gwang-ho),임경한(Lim Kyung-han) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2020 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.53 No.-

This study is a paper on application of military theory to the maritime blockade strategy. If there is a strategy to win the war without fighting rather than fighting for victory, the choice of this strategy would be a reasonable and higher level strategy. Sun Tzu said that hence to fight and conquer in all tour battle is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. Riddell Hart insisted on the superiority of the indirect approach strategy that the best strategy is to win the war through the least amount of combat. On the other hand, if you move the battlefield to the sea, if there is a strategy to win without fighting in the sea, it is a naval blockade strategy. if it is possible to apply a naval blockade strategy to the military theory of indirect approach strategy, the understanding and strategic value of a naval blockade strategy will increase. Therefore, it is thought that the application of military theory to the aspects of naval warfare is well worth the research. First of all, this article examines the characteristics of military theories of indirect approach strategy through theoretical discussions, and analyzes the concept of a naval blockade strategy to analyze the military theoretical mechanisms of a naval blockade strategy. In order to add the theoretical depth, through the experience of the United States(a anaconda plan during American Civil War, a Cuba blockade during American-Spanish War, a orange plan during the Pacific War, a Cuba blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis, a Iraq blockade during the Gulf War), we can confirm that the United States is the country that can best establish and implement the naval blockade strategy as a means to achieve its political goals(national interest).

기획논문 : 노무현 정부의 관료제 개혁에 대한 평가

정광호 ( Kwang Ho Jung ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2005 行政論叢 Vol.43 No.2

국내외 나트륨 저감 기술 동향

정광호(Kwangho Jung) 한국식품과학회 2016 식품과학과 산업 Vol.49 No.2

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a very important as one of major food ingredients in food industries. Recently, as the potential risk of adult diseases such as hypertension by overingestion of sodium, health authorities of many countries are executing policies for the reduction of sodium to suppress the overingestion of sodium by intake of NaCl. As general ways, the replacement of NaCl with either alternative salts, such as solar salts and minerals, for examples calcium, magnesium, potassium, lactic acid, and so on, and the addition of flavor enhancers were used to reduce the contents of sodium in foods. Recently, controls of particle size of sodium chloride or release point are emerging as new salt-manufacturing technologies for the sodium reduction. Upon reducing NaCl in foods it is important to develop practically adaptable technologies on the basis of the consideration of the unique functions of NaCl in foods, in particular effects on rheological characters, function as a humectant, shorten shelf life time, and so on.

미국 규제기관의 리스크 관리행태

정광호(Jung Kwangho),김철(Kim Cheol) 한국조직학회 2006 한국조직학회보 Vol.3 No.2