톨루엔 디이소시아네이트 폭로 근로자들의 작업방법에 따른 대사물질의 비교 및 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조병만,황인경,이철호,박정래 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Following recent advanced industrialization, the amount of polyurethane to use as thermal insulating materials, upholstery, mattresses and packing materials in automotive and furniture industry is increasing world-widely, and the number of polyurethane-producing worker will be increased. Because the numerous organic solvents are used in polyurethane-producing factory, the workers in this work site is exposed to many organic solvents. Of the organic solvents, Toluene Diisocyanate(TDI) has many hazardous effects to human. The effects of TDI on human are the irritation to respiratory mucosa and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conjunctival irritation, dermal inflammation (redness, pain, vesicular formation) and gastrointestinal symptom(nausea, vomiting. abdominal pain) are reported just after short-term exposure of TDI. TDI is known to give rise to bronchial asthma, as the immune disorder. And because of strongly volatile characteristics of TDI, it is suggested as a more injurious material to human health, especially human immune system, than other organic solvents. Bronchial asthma inducing mechanism of TDI is not clearly known, but on the analogy of TDI induced symptoms and recent studies, early-onset asthma is type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E(IgE), and late-onset asthma is maybe type III hypersensitivity reaction by circulating IgG. And we know that the complicated human immune function is likely to move in such that mechanisms, there are not studies on immune indices evaluating the bronchial asthma-related immune function. The evaluation of change patterns of humoral immunity including IgE and IgG and cellular immunity including T-helper cell. T-suppressor cell and T-cytotoxic cell will be helpful to evaluate exposure degrees and prognosis in TDI exposed workers. Because TDA(toluene diamine) as a biological exposure index of TDI becomes the focus of interest, we know that a study on the correlation between urinary TDA and air TDI and immunological indices will make a contribution to biological effect monitoring indicies. We examined human immunity indicators such as WBC, %Lymph (percentile of Lymphocyte in WBC), %T-cell(percentile of T-lymphocyte in total lymphocyte). CD4, CD8, C3, C4, IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE in peripheral blood to evaluate the health hazard of the TDI-exposed workers. And we examined TDA to evaluate correlation between exposure and effect. Total 90 subjects was selected, 45 workers who worked in the polyurethane-producing factories as an exposed group, and 45 cases who were office workers(10 cases), other blue collors(27 cases), and medical college students(8 cases) as a control group. And the results were as follows; 1. The logarithm of IgE-Log10(IgE)±SD-in peripheral blood of a exposed group was significantly higher than a control group, 2.22 ±0.62 in case group compared with 1.98±0.53 in control group. (p<0.05) 2. IgA and IgM in the polyurethane-producing workers were 261.02±83.12㎎/㎗, 151.97 ±59.64 ㎎/㎗, respectively, and 292.77±100.45, 179.17±100.78 in control group. IgA and IgM was slightly lower in polyurethane-producing group than control.(p>0.05) 3. WBC, %Lymph. %T-cell, C3, C4, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio and IgG in case group were 6.391.1 ea/㎖, 37.53 %, 59.54 %, 76.68 ㎎/㎗, 0.76×10(9) ea/L, 0.63×10(9) ea/L, 1.39, and 1606.29 ㎎/㎗, respectively, and 6,974.7 ea/㎖, 35.12 %, 59.64 %, 71.95 ㎎/㎗, 33.94 ㎎/㎗, 0.80×10(9) ea/L, 0.61×10(9) ea/L, 1.39, and 1581.51 ㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups.(p>0.05) 4. In the comparison of each other companies, average of individual urinary TDA in polyurethane paint manufacturing companies is higher than that of polyurethane sponge foaming companies. And, the concentration of 2.6-TDA which is a metabolite of well-vaporized 2.6-TDI is higher than that of 2.4-TDA in the polyurethane sponge foaming companies. But, the concentration of 2.4-TDA which is a metabolite of illvaporized but well skin-absorbed 2.4-TDI is higher in polyurethane paint manufactures. 5. There were no statistical significance in the correlations between individual urinary TDA and immunologic indices.

편두통 환자의 임상 양상 및 생체전기 자율반응과의 상관성 고찰

이현종,정인태,김수영,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Objective : We had a clinical report in headache but didn't in migraine. We have planned this study in order to get the basic data of migraine in oriental medicine. Methods : The patient of 36 in migraine checked sec, age, onset, family history, severity of pain, influences of life, induced cause, clinical pain characteristics, associated symptom, treatment style, and paescription, frequency, using period of analgesics by a questionnaire and differentiated syndromes in migraine and evaluated autonomic bioelectric response recorder(ABR-2000). Results : There are 23.4% in prevalence rate of migraine. The ratio of sex is M: F=1:17. The age of an attack is the highest in thirties. The patient are the most in forties. The mean duration of illness is 12.0±9.9 years. 83.4% had a family history. 61.1% had a moderate grade in severity of pain. 77.8% selected fatigue in induced cause of migraine. 69.4% had tingling sense, nausea and vomiting in the associated symptoms. 91.7% used analgesics for treatment and 51.5% of them used analgesics voluntarily. 61.9% of them take analgesics less than once in a week. 33.6% had the phlegm syncope headache in differentiation of syndrome. In ABR-2000 results, item of graph showed low tendency mostly. Conclusions : We expected that this re port of clinical progress, differentiation of syndromes and ABR-2000 results in migraine would be used basic data by oriental medicine to treat migraine.

<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of a novel polymer-free everolimus-eluting stent by nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide film deposition

Park, Dae Sung,Bae, In-Ho,Jeong, Myung Ho,Lim, Kyung Seob,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Lee, So-Youn,Jang, Eun Jae,Shim, Jae-Won,Park, Jun-Kyu,Lim, Han Chul,Kim, Han Byul Elsevier 2018 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.91 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inflammation and thrombosis are linked to the use of polymer-based drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of this study was to develop a polymer-free everolimus (EVL)-eluting stent using nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) and verify its efficacy by <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> assessment in a porcine coronary model. Various analytical approaches such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and contact angle measurement were employed for the characterization. As a part of biocompatibility assessment, platelet adhesion and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were examined. Bare metal stent (BMS), N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> stent, everolimus-eluting N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL) stent, and commercialized EVL-eluting stent (EES) were randomly placed in forty coronary arteries in twenty pigs. After four weeks of implantation, the stents were subjected to histological and quantitative analysis. The N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film used in this study was well coated without any cracks or peeling. Surface hydrophilicity (88.8% of angle decrement) could be associated with the decrease in surface roughness post N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition (37.0%). The platelet adhesion on the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces was less than that on the BMS surface. The proliferation of SMC was suppressed in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group (30.2%) but not in the BMS group. In the animal study, the percent area restenosis was significantly decreased in the N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL group compared to that in the BMS group. The results (BMS; 47.0 ± 11.00%, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-EVL; 31.7 ± 10.50%, and EES; 29.1 ± 11.21%, <I>n</I> = 10, <I>p</I> < 0.05) were almost at par with those of the commercialized EVL-eluting stent. The introduction of N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition during fabrication of polymer-free DES may be an efficient accessorial process for preventing in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces can help to reduce the platelet adhesion. </LI> <LI> In porcine model, N-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> everolimus decreased in-stent restenosis and fibrin deposition. </LI> </UL> </P>

Celay/In-Ceram, Conventional In-Ceram, Empress 2 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 관한 비교 연구

양재호,여인성,이선형,한중석,이재봉,Yang, Jae-Ho,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong 대한치과보철학회 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.2

There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But many of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring instruments. etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptations of the anterior single restorations made by different systems and to consider more desirable statistical methods in analysing the marginal fit. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of three different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram. Conventional In-Ceram. IPS Empress 2 layering technique) and one control group (PFM) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1mm shoulder margin and $6^{\circ}$ taper walls by milling machine. 10 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements or a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the maxillary incisor crowns were $98.2{\pm}40.6{\mu}m$ for PFM, $83.5{\pm}18.7{\mu}m$ for Celay In-Ceram, $104.9{\pm}44.1{\mu}m$ for conventional In-Ceram, and $45.5{\pm}11.5{\mu}m$ for IPS Empress 2 layering technique. The IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest marginal gap (P<0.05). The marginal openings of the other three groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). 2 The marginal discrepancies found in this study were all within clinically acceptable standards ($100\sim150{\mu}m$). 3. When the variable is so controlled that the system may be the only one, mean value is interpreted to be the marginal discrepancy of a restoration which is made by each system and standard deviation is to be technique-sensitivity of each one. 4. From the standard deviations. the copy-milling technique (Celay/In-Ceram) was not considered to be technique-sensitive in comparison with other methods. 5. Parametric analysis is more reliable than non-parametric one in interpretation of the mean and standard deviation. The sample size of each group has to be more than 30 to use parametric statistics. The level of clinically acceptable marginal fit has not been established. Further studies are needed.

가막만에 출현하는 동물플랑크톤의 종조성과 계절별 출현 양상

서호영,이인태,윤양호,최상덕,이삼노,한명일,김병섭,강윤호,이우범 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.2

가막만에 출현하는 동물플랑크톤을 계절별(2001년 4월, 7월, 9월, 12월)로 Norpac네트를 이용하여 수직 채집하였다. 우점적으로 출현한 분류군은 4월과 12월에 요각류, 7월에 요각류와 지각류,9월에 야광충이었다. 출현 개체수는 22~17,197indiv. m^-3으로 시·공간적으로 변동폭이 매우 컸다. 요각류의 우점종은 4월에 Euryte-mora pacifica, Acartio omorii, Cenfropages abdominalis, Colanus sinicus, 7월에 Lobidocera rofunda와 A. erythraea, 9월에 A. eryfhraea와 Paracalanus parvus s. l., 12월에 A. omorii와 E. pacifca로 주로 내만종으로 변하였다. 그러나, 9월에 외양종인 Eucalanus sp.와 Neo-calnus sp. 또한 다수 출현하였다. 이와 같은 출현 경향은 가막만이 폐쇄성 내만임에도 불구하고 동물플랑크톤의 분포 특성은 내만수 이외에 계절적으로 외만수의 영향을 강하게 받고 있음을 암시하고 있다. Zooplankton was sampled vertically with a Norpac net from Gamag Bay in April, July, September and December, 2001. Copepods were predominant in April and December, and cladocerans in July and Noctiluca scintillans in September, respectively. There are high spatio-temporal fluctuations in the abundance of zooplankton with a range of 22∼17,197 indiv./㎥. In the copepod community, neritic species, Eurytemora pacifica, Acartia omorii, Centropages abdominalis and Calanus sinicus were predominant in April; Labidocera rotunda and A. erythraea in July; A. erythraea and Paracalanus parvus s. l. in September; A. omorii and E. pacifica in December. However, oceanic species Eucalanus sp. and Neocalanus sp. were abundant in September. It indicates that although Gamag Bay is semi-closed, the distribution pattern of zooplankton is seasonally strongly affected by oceanic waters in addition to neritic ones.

고리원자력발전소 주변의 식생과 식물현존량 추정

김성종,이호준,김인택,김창호,정홍락 建國大學校基礎科學硏究所 1995 理學論集 Vol.20 No.-

고리원자력발전소 주변의 식생에 대한 식물사회학적 조사를 실시하였으며, 순1차생산력과 식물현존량을 추정하였다. 또한 상관에 의한 현존식생도 및 녹지자연도를 작성하였다. 종조성표에 의한 식물군락은 소나무군락, 곰솔군락, 서어나무-굴참나무군락, 아까시나무군락으로 구분되었다. 소나무군락은 아교목층(평균식피율 35%)이 빈약하였으며, 서어나무-굴참나무군락은 비교적 안정된 계층구조를 이루고 있었다. 전체적으로 교목층에서 소나무, 곰솔, 아교목층에서 사방오리, 졸참나무, 저목층에서 졸참나무, 사스레피나무, 초본층에서 산거울, 주름조개풀 등의 피복지수가 높았다. 삼림토양의 pH는 4.30~4.85, 유기물함량은 6.04~9.40%의 범위였다. 현존식생도에 의한 분포비율은 곰솔군락(31.4%)이 가장 높았으며, 평균녹지자연도는 5.4였다. Montreal model에 의한 순1차생산력은 1555.2g/㎡/yr, 식물현존량은 단위면적당16,982,21ton/k㎡으로 추정되었다. The forest vegetation and estimation of phytomass and net primary production in the vicinity of Kori Atomic Power Plant was analyzed on the basis of the phytosociological data. Depending on physiognomy, actual vegetation map and the degree of green naturality(DGN) was also drawn in the of 1:50,000. According to Z-M method, the forest vegetation was classified into four communities, which include Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus variabilis, and Robinia pseudo-acacia communities. The Pinus densiflora community was most poorly covered in tree-2 layer. The Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus variabilis community was relatively stable in the stratum structure. It was generally shown that Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in tree-1 layer, Alnus firma and Quercus serrata in tree-2 layer, Quercus serrata and Eurya japonica in shrub layer, and Carex humilis and Oplismenus undulatifolius in herb layer had high coverage index. The pHs and contents of organic matter of the forest soil collected in each sites was in the range of 4.30 to 4.85 and 6.04% to 9.40% in average in the communities. The Pinus thunbergii community showed the highest distribution rate(31.4%) in the actual vegetation map. The average DGN was approximately 5.4. Net primary production and phytomass per unit area obtained by Montreal model were estimated to be 1555.2g/㎡/yr and 16,982.21ton/k㎡, respectively.

위암종과 Epstein-Barr 바이러스와의 연관성에 대한 연구

심광용,김호영,김효열,백순구,권상옥,조미연,이창훈,이종인 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-

Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been known to be linked to a spectrum of neoplastic conditions, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. This study aims to investigate the association of EBV with gastric carcinoma in Korea. Methods: Fifty-three cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were studied for evidence of EBV infection by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) on the paraffin sections and amplifying the EBV genome encoding envelop glycoprotein (gp220) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in fresh gastric cancer specimens. Results: EBER was detected in 7 (13.2%) of 53 gastric carcinomas and all cases were male. In 6 (85.7%) of 7 EBER-positive cases, the tumors were located in the upper and middle part of the stomach. EBER ISH study showed strong positivity in all the tumor cells, but negativity in surrouning lymphocytes, stromal cells and normal gastric mucosa. DNA PCR was positive in 23 (43.4%) of 53 gastric carcinomas, including all of 7 EBER-positive cases. Conclusion: We could observe some association of EBV with gastric carcinoma, and our findings about the charateristics of EBV-positive gastric cancers involving sex, site and histological type are similar to those in Japan. However, EBV-positive rate of gastric cancer is higher than in Japan and lower than in Western countries. Further studies to elucidate oncogenic mechanism of EBV in gastric cancer should be performed.

Prostaglandin A₂-induced Apoptosis is Not Inhibited by Heme Oygenase-1 in U2OS Cells

Kyoung-Won Ko(고경원),Sun-Young Lee(이선영),Ji-Hyun Ahn(안지현),Jaetaek Kim(김재택),In-Kyung Kim(김인경),Ho-Shik Kim(김호식) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.11

Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂)는 사람 골육종 세포인 U2OS 세포주에서 apoptosis와 heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현을 함께 유도하였다. PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis는 HO-1의 과도한 발현이나 HO-1에 대한 small interfering RNA에 의한 발현저하에 의하여 변동되지 않았으나 H₂O₂에 의한 세포사망은 HO-1의 발현 수준에 반비례하여 변동되었다. 또한 thiol antioxidant인 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)은 PGA₂에 의한 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 증가를 모두 차단하였지만, non-thiol antioxidant인 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)과 ascorbic acid는 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 유도를 차단하지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과들은 PGA₂는 산화성 손상에 의해서가 아니라 PGA₂의 thiol-reactivity에 의하여 apoptosis와 HO-1의 발현을 유도하며, HO-1의 발현은 PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis와는 독립적인 현상이거나 기능적으로 apoptosis 유도의 하부에 위치하고 apoptosis의 진행에는 기여하지 않을 것이라는 것을 시사해 준다. Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂), one of cyclopentenone PGs, induced both apoptosis and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in U2OS cells. PGA₂-induced apoptosis was not perturbed by either over-expression or knock-down of HO-1, whereas H₂O₂-induced cell death was inversely modulated by the expression level of HO-1. In addition, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, blocked both apoptosis and HO-1 expression induced by PGA₂. But, non-thiol antioxidants like butylated hydorxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid did not block either apoptosis or HO-1-induction. Taken together, these results suggest that PGA₂ induces both apoptosis and HO-1 expression, which are critically related to the thiol-reactivity of PGA₂, but not oxidative stress, and HO-1 expression may be independent or functionally located downstream of apoptosis by PGA₂ without contribution to apoptosis progression.

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha normalizes the glucolipotoxicity-induced decreased BETA2/NeuroD gene transcription and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

Kim, Ji-Won,You, Young-Hye,Ham, Dong-Sik,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Song, Ki-Ho,Son, Ho-Young,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung,Lee, In-Kyu,Yoon, Kun-Ho Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.9

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects against beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1alpha in beta-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1alpha in glucolipotoxicity-associated beta-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1alpha in cultured beta-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1alpha also suppressed the expression of the insulin and beta-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1alpha but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1alpha. Ad-siPGC-1alpha injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1alpha, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.</P>