Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Jun-Nan Hu,Xing-Yue Xu,Wei Li,Yi-Ming Wang,Ying Liu,Zi Wang,Ying-Ping Wang 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAPinduced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Micewere treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, all mice treatedwith250mg/kgAPAPexhibitedsevere liver injuryafter24h, andhepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1b compared with the APAPgroup.Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase andglutathione,were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effectswere associatedwith a significant increase of cytochromeP450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis.Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

CONSUMER REACTION TO LUXURY ADVERTISING INFORMATION FRAMING WITH DIFFERENT FACE CONCERN: BASED ON REGULATORY FOCUS THEORY

Bi Nan,Wang Ying,Cheng-Yue Yin 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

This study examines consumer reaction to different luxury advertising information (promotion-focus vs. prevention-focus). Studies examine the relationship between consumers’ face concern and individual regulatory focus, and explore the relationship between face concern and luxury advertising type with a 2 (face concerns) × 2 (advertising information) experiment design.

Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Hu, Jun-Nan,Xu, Xing-Yue,Li, Wei,Wang, Yi-Ming,Liu, Ying,Wang, Zi,Wang, Ying-Ping The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

Combination Doxorubicin and Interferon-α Therapy Stimulates Immunogenicity of Murine Pancreatic Cancer Panc02 Cells via Up-regulation of NKG2D ligands and MHC Class I

Wang, Wen-Jia,Qin, Si-Hao,Zhang, Ji-Wei,Jiang, Yue-Yao,Zhang, Jin-Nan,Zhao, Lei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite severe side effects of chemotherapy, the use of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as a common clinical treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the combined doxorubicin and interferon-${\alpha}$ (IFN-${\alpha}$) therapy on murine pancreatic cancer Panc02 cells in vitro and in vivo and underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A Panc02-bearing mouse model was established to determine whether doxorubicin and interferon-${\alpha}$ (IFN-${\alpha}$) could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was evaluated using a standard LDH release assay. To evaluate the relevance of NK cells and CD8 T cells to the combination therapy-mediated anti-tumor effects, they were depleted in tumor-bearing mice by injecting anti-asialo-GM-1 antibodies or anti-CD8 antibodies, respectively. Finally, the influence of doxorubicin+interferon-${\alpha}$ (IFN-${\alpha}$) on the ligands of NK and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The combination therapy group demonstrated a significant inhibition of growth of Panc02 in vivo, resulting from activated cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs. Depleting CD8 T cells or NK cells reduced the anticancer effects mediated by immunochemotherapy. Furthermore, the doxorubicin+IFN-a treatment increased the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and NKG2D ligands on Panc02 cells, suggesting that the combined therapy may be a potential strategy for enhancing immunogenicity of tumors. All these data indicate that the combination therapy using doxorubicin and interferon-${\alpha}$ (IFN-${\alpha}$) may be a potential strategy for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide on the Pharmacokinetics of Dipyridamole in Rats

Yue Wang,Gang Cheng,Meijuan Zou,Nan Zhao,Jungang Ren,Hong Zhou 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.11

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major component derived from garlic used to inhibit platelet thromboxane formation, on the pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole. Pharmacokinetic parameters of dipyridamole were determined in rats following intragastric (80 mg/kg suspension or 40 mg/kg solution) or intravenous (3 mg/kg) administration of dipyridamole with coadministration (20 mg/kg) and long-term pretreatment of DATS (10 or 20 mg/kg/day for 15 consecutive days). In addition, everted gut sac models were used to assess transepithelial transport of dipyridamole and the effect of DATS on the intestinal absorption of dipyridamole. After coadministration and long-term pretreatment of DATS, significantly lower C_max and AUC_(0–240 h were observed for intragastric administration of dipyridamole,whereas little change was noted after intravenous dipyridamole administration. After adding DATS (10 and 50 μg/mL) in the everted gut sacs, absorption of dipyridamole was remarkably decreased in the ileum and jejunum (p < 0.01). In conclusion, DATS reduced the oral exposure of dipyridamole in rats likely by the modification of the dissolution rate and intestinal absorption of dipyridamole, indicating that combined use of DATS or DATS-containing supplements with dipyridamole may require caution as low plasma concentrations of dipyridamole may lead to a subtherapeutic effect of this agent.

Anti-Distortion Image Contrast Enhancement Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Statistical Analysis of the Histogram Equalization

Yao Nan,Wang KaiSheng,Cai Yue 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.4

In order to solve such problems as excessive enhancement and chessboard effect, difficult image brightness keeping and distortion in the image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization, an anti-distortion image contrast enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy statistics and sub-histogram equalization is proposed in this article. Specifically, the fuzzy set theory is introduced therein to convert the image into fuzzy matrix; then, by virtue of the membership function and the probability of the image gradation, the weighting function is embedded to construct the weighted fuzzy histogram calculation model; then, the mid-value of the initial image is adopted to divide the fuzzy histogram into two sub-histograms, and the corresponding cumulative density functions are defined, and the transformation models thereof are also constructed; then, the inverse transformation function is established to realize defuzzification and output the enhanced image. The experimental data show: compared with the present image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization, this algorithm can significantly eliminate excessive enhancement and noise amplification, thus to not only have better visual enhancement quality and anti-distortion performance, but also have maximum AIC (Average Information Contents) value and minimum NIQE (Natural Image Quality Evaluator) value.

Image Denoising Algorithm Based on Non Related Dictionary Learning

Yao Nan,Wang KaiSheng,Cai Yue 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.3

In allusion to the partial texture information loss during image deniosing process, an image denoising algorithm based on non related dictionary learning is proposed in this article. In this algorithm, the noise image is firstly divided into mutually overlapped image blocks, and a certain quantity of these image blocks are randomly selected for subsequent dictionary learning; then, non related dictionary learning technology is adopted to obtain the redundant dictionary with relatively strong irrelevance; finally, the sparse encoding algorithm is adopted to obtain the sparse representation coefficient of each image block in the redundant dictionary, and such sparse representation coefficients are used to recover the original image. The experiment result shows: since the redundant dictionary obtained through non related dictionary learning technology can strongly represent the image texture information, PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of the algorithm proposed in this article is superior to that of the existing advanced algorithm, and the algorithm can well keep the image detail and texture information, thus to improve visual effect.

Application of Intelligent Video Monitoring System in Electric Power Construction

Yao Nan,Wang KaiSheng,Cai Yue 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.4

Since the image based intelligent video monitoring system has limited viewing angle, the blind monitoring zone will easily appear when the target is not in the field range of the camera. In order to solve the above problem, an intelligent video monitoring system with auditory function is proposed in this article on the basis of the advantages of sound localization. Firstly, the linear microphone array is acquired and the time delay estimation technology is adopted for sound localization; secondly, the camera is driven to turn to the sound source position to acquire video information; finally, the image detection program is adopted to locate and track the target in a real-time manner, and meanwhile the system feasibility is verified through the simulation experiment. The result shows that the system has good localization and tracking accuracy.

Detection and molecular characteristics of bovine rotavirus A in dairy calves in China

Xiaoying Liu,Nan Yan,Hua Yue,Yuanwei Wang,Bin Zhang,Cheng Tang 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.5

Background: Bovine group A rotavirus (BoRVA) is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn dairy calves. Only one study has investigated the G and P genotypes among dairy calves in a few regions of China, which were G6 and P[5]. Therefore, data on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China remains limited. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China. Methods: 269 dairy calves diarrheic samples from 23 farms in six provinces in China were collected to detect BoRVA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: 71% of samples were determined to be BoRVA-positive. Two G genotypes (G6, G10) and two P genotypes (P[1], P[5]) were identified, and G6P[1] BoRVA was the predominant strain. Moreover, the VP7 and VP4 gene sequences of these dairy calf BoRVA strains revealed abundant genetic diversity. Interestingly, eight out of 17 complete G6 VP7 sequences were clustered into G6 lineage VI and analysis showed the strains were closely related to Chinese yak BoRVA strains. Conclusions: The results of this study show that BoRVA circulates widely among dairy calves in China, and the dominant genotype in circulation is G6P[1], first report on molecular characteristics of complete P[5] VP4 genes in chinese dairy calves. These results will help us to further understand the prevalence and genetic evolution of BoRVA among dairy calves in China and, thus, prevent the disease more effectively.

Multiple Impairments in Male Reproduction 1 (mimr1), a Novel Male-Sterile Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Shows Several Defects in Male Reproductive Development

Hai-Yan Chen,Yue-Feng Guan,Xue-Yong Huang,Yu-Ting Wu,Fen-Fei Wang,Ju-Fang Gao,Que Zhou,Zhong-Nan Yang,Jia-Yao Liu,Hong-Xia Zhang 한국식물학회 2012 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.55 No.3

We have characterized a new male-sterile mutant in Arabidopsis that exhibits conditional sterility but has restored fertility when drought-stressed. This mutant,multiple impairments in male reproduction 1 (mimr1),shows pleiotropic defects in both vegetative and reproductive development. Examination with dissecting and scanning electron microscopes revealed that its pollen grains are not effectively released from the anther locule after dehiscence, and anther differentiation is defective. Growth of the style and stamen filaments are also abnormal. Histological analysis demonstrated that these phenomena are due not only to a noticeably reduced extension of the stamen but also greater elongation of the pistil. Genetic analysis indicated that mimr1 is a single locus recessive nuclear mutant. The mutation can be mapped to a locus strongly linked to a 1200-kb region on Chromosome 3. Meta-analysis of expression patterning presented several candidate genes in that region. No mutants with similar phenotypes have previously been reported, suggesting that mimr1 is a novel male-sterile locus. Characterization of MIMR1 will provide further insights into the molecular basis for the development of plant reproductive organs.