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        1950 년대 북한 연극론의 전개양상 연국 - 1950 년 6 월부터 1958 년을 중심으로 -

        이석만(Suk Man Lee) 한국연극학회 1997 한국연극학 Vol.9 No.1

        Searched a theory of North-Korean drama, divided in two periods in respect of historicism. The first period, as that of Korean War, is when a theory of drama has a tendency to revolutionary romanticism. It seems that this tendency is influenced by the effect of lofty realism, presented to creation methodology from an age of liberation. And, in this period, only being created for the purpose of victory in the war, drama cannot help being created on the ground of non-conflict theory as a perfect victory of positive protagonist rather than ideological trouble. So, work, which is left by remains of formalism or naturalism, is to be a critical object and dramatizes only a positive protagonist. In the second period, from Korean War to 1958, a theory of drama is social realism. In this time, it criticizes schematism caused from an intentional conflicts, reflecting that the previous drama wasn`t written by a realistic creative method. it not only shows such a social-realism as in a roundabout way of causing an interest, but emphasizes, refering to each concrete element in drama(character, speech, etc), that should create alive character, throwing unrealistic, abstract tendency. When, however, it reaches stage of guiding criticism through subcommittee, the limitation theory of North-Korean drama, will realistically be shown. In other words, it is because that art is to be only accessories as simply by a guidance theory. After 1958, this appearance is more accelerated and revolutionary opera is occurred, showing a wrong execution of national form. As a result of searching a theory of North-Korean in 1950s, divided in two periods, we can know that revolutionary romanticism shifts to social-realism and that is a previous stage to go Ju-the idea afterwards. That is to say, this is because that a view of the world shifts from Marxism-Leninism to anti-Japan revolutionary tradition and is finally to be a one-man dictatorship.

      • KCI등재

        Development of a Patient-specific 3D Dose Evaluation Program for QA in Radiation Therapy

        이석,장경환,Yuan Jie Cao,심장보,양대식,박영제,윤원섭,김철용 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.6

        We present preliminary results for a 3-dimensional dose evaluation software system (P DRESS,patient-specific 3-dimensional dose real evaluation system). Scanned computed tomography (CT)images obtained by using dosimetry were transferred to the radiation treatment planning system(ECLIPSE, VARIAN, Palo Alto, CA) where the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)nasopharynx plan was designed. We used a 10 MV photon beam (CLiX, VARIAN, Palo Alto,CA) to deliver the nasopharynx treatment plan. After irradiation, the TENOMAG dosimeterwas scanned using a VISTATM scanner. The scanned data were reconstructed using VistaReconsoftware to obtain a 3D dose distribution of the optical density. An optical-CT scanner was used toreadout the dose distribution in the gel dosimeter. Moreover, we developed the PDRESS by usingFlatform, which were developed by our group, to display the 3D dose distribution by loading theDICOM RT data which are exported from the radiotherapy treatment plan (RTP) and the optical-CT reconstructed VFF file, into the independent PDRESS with an ionization chamber and EBTfilm was used to compare the dose distribution calculated from the RTP with that measured byusing a gel dosimeter. The agreement between the normalized EBT, the gel dosimeter and RTP datawas evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methods, such as the isodose distribution,dose difference, point value, and profile. The profiles showed good agreement between the RTPdata and the gel dosimeter data, and the precision of the dose distribution was within ±3%. Theresults from this study showed significantly discrepancies between the dose distribution calculatedfrom the treatment plan and the dose distribution measured by a TENOMAG gel and by scanningwith an optical CT scanner. The 3D dose evaluation software system (P DRESS, patient specificdose real evaluation system), which were developed in this study evaluates the accuracies of thethree-dimensional dose distributions. Further applications of the system utility are expected toresult from future studies.

      • KCI등재
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      • 성인 급성 림프구성백혈병 고위험군에서 일차관해시 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식의 성적 비교 : 단일기관 치료경험 A Single Center Experience

        이석,민우성,민창기,김동욱,이종욱,김유진,박은정,박윤희,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.2

        배경:성인 ALL에서 동종 조혈모세포이식은 전처치요법 및 이식편대백혈병 효과에 의한 효과적인 백혈병세포의 제거가 가능하다는 측면에서 활발히 시행되고 있으나 자가 조혈모세포이식과 화학요법과의 비교 연구에서는 대상환자의 다양성 등으로 인하여 상이한 결과가 보고되었다. 그러나 최근 진단당시 환자의 임상적·세포생물학적 특성 및 관해유도요법 후의 백혈병세포의 제거 속도 등을 기준으로 한 위험인자가 정의되면서 이를 근간으로 위험도에 따른 관해 후 치료방침의 결정이 타당성 있는 접근방법으로 제시되고 있고, 특히 고위험군에서의 동종 조혈모세포이식의 역할이 강조되고 있다. 방법: 성인 ALL 고위험군에서 일차 완전관해시 동종 조혈모세포이식의 역할을 규명하기 위해 최근 5년간 가톨릭의대 조혈모세포이식센터에서 ALL로 진단 후 일차 완전관해 상태에서 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식을 시행받고 임상적 특성과 세포면역학적 특성 및 세포유전학적 검사결과가 모두 확인 가능하였던 환자 중 고위험군에 해당된 50례를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 고위험군은 진단시 연령이 30세 이상인 경우, 백혈구수가 30,000/μL 이상인 경우, 관해유도기간이 30일 이상 소요된 경우, Ph 혹은 t(4;11)이 동반된 경우 중 하나 이상의 인자를 갖고 있는 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 중앙연령은 30세(15~43세)이었고, 남녀 비는 27:23이었다. FAB 분류상 L1 29례(58.0%), L2 21례(42.0%)였으며, precursor B-lineage 항원이 양성인 경우는 36례(72.0%), T-세포 항원이 양성인 경우는 9례(18.0%), 골수구계 항원이 동시에 발현된 경우는 5례(10.0%)였다. 세포유전학적 검사상 23례(46.0%)에서 불량한 염색체유형 [Ph 19례, t(4;11) 4례]이 동반되었다. 전체 환자 중 31례에서 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행하였으며, 19례에서는 자가 조혈모세포이식이 시행되었다. 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식 환자군간의 임상적 특성은 양군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대상환자의 중앙 추적관찰기간은 27개월(7~72개월)이었고, 전체 환자의 2년 무병생존율 및 전체생존율은 각각 59.0±7.6%, 68.2±7.1%이었다. 조혈모세포이식에 따른 치료성적을 비교한 결과 전체생존율은 동종 조혈모세포이식군 71.4±8.6%, 자가 조혈모세포이식군 62.7±12.4%로 양군간의 유의한 차이가 없었던 반면, 재발율은 동종 조혈모세포이식군에서 유의하게 낮은 빈도를 보였으며(25.8% vs 52.6%, P=0.05), 무병생존율에 있어서도 각각 70.6±9.0%, 42.1±12.2%로 동종 조혈모세포이식군에서 보다 높은 경향을 보였다(P=0.07). 이식 후 생존율에 영향을 주는 위험인자를 분석한 결과, 진단시 연령, 백혈구수, 관해유도기간에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 다만 Ph 혹은 t(4;11)이 동반된 경우에서 무병생존율이 동종(28.5±16.0% vs 94.4±5.4%, P=0.0002) 및 자가 조혈모세포이식군(18.1±11.6% vs 80.0±17.8%, P=0.0046) 모두에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 일차관해시 조혈모세포이식을 시행받은 고위험군 성인 ALL에서는 관해 후 치료법으로써 동종 조혈모세포이식이 우선적으로 고려될 수 있는 치료법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 추후 국내에서도 보다 장기간의 추적관찰을 통한 전향적 임상연구를 시행하여 보다 정립된 관해 후 치료방침의 결정 필요성을 제시하였다는 측면에서 임상적 의의가 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background:Optimal postremission therapy remains controversial in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we compared allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (autoPBSCT) using the result of the human leukocyte antigen typing (HLA). Methods:Patients were eligible if they were in first remission (CR1) and had either: adverse cytogenetics [Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), t(4;11)], age >30 years, required more than 1 induction course to achieve remission (time-to-CR1 >30 days) or presenting WBC >30,000/μL. From July 1994 to June 1999, 50 consecutive adult patients with high-risk ALL underwent HLA-matched alloBMT (n=31) or autoPBSCT (n=19) at the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center. Results:There were 27 males and 23 females with median age 30 (range, 15~43) years. The distribution of phenotype was as follows: L1 (n=29), L2 (n=21), precursor B (n=36), T (n=9), myeloid marker coexpression (n=5). Adverse cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis were shown in 23 (46.0%) cases. All pretransplant characteristics were well balanced between these two groups. Most patients were treated with total body irradiation containing regimen as part of the conditioning. With a median follow-up of 27 months in both groups, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival probabilities at 2 years were 59.0±7.6% and 68.2±7.1%, respectively. The relapse rates were significantly different between alloBMT and autoPBSCT groups (25.8% vs 52.6%, P=0.05). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. However, alloBMT had a trend toward better DFS (70.6±9.0% vs 42.1±12.2%, P=0.07). None of the pretransplant characteristics significantly affected outcome after transplantation, except adverse cytogenetics. Prognosis of ALL with Ph or t(4;11) was significantly poorer than that of the remaining high-risk ALL patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: We conclude that alloBMT appears to be more effective than autoPBSCT in prolonging initial CR for high-risk ALL patients. Prospective studies addressing additional clinical variables are needed to guide clinical decision making about transplant choices for adult patients with ALL. New therapeutic strategies for the management of ALL with adverse cytogenetics will be also required.

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