卵巢의 類皮囊胞에서 發生한 扁平上皮癌의 1例

황염,睦楨銀,權淳旭 中央醫學社 1974 中央醫學 Vol.27 No.3

Malignant degeneration in dermoid cyst of ovary is lesser common than in serous or mucinous cystadenomas respectivelly. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in dermoid cyst is very infrequently encountered and thought to be originated from epidermoid element. We report a case with a brief review of literatures concerned.

중국과 한국의 평화 통일 접근법 비교 연구

황염,곽덕환 동아인문학회 2023 동아인문학 Vol.65 No.-

In light of Xi Jinping's third term, China is proposing a new approach to peaceful reunification with Taiwan. They are offering more practical and concrete measures, such as providing Chinese identification cards to Taiwanese residents who wish to immigrate to China. While it has been widely known that China preferred reunification through force, it's now more accurate to say that they are actively pursuing peaceful reunification as well. China and Korea have both experienced division, and they remain divided to this day. However, recent efforts towards reunification show slightly different approaches. China is intensifying its efforts for a more autonomous and peaceful reunification, while South Korea is still prioritizing security and strengthening its relationship with the United States, while confronting North Korea. In the end, it can be said that South Korea has yet to fully overcome the external interventions and ideological conflicts that were the root causes of its division. 시진핑 제3기를 맞아 중국은 타이완과의 평화 통일을 위한 새로운 접근법을 제시하고 있다. 중국으로 이주를 희망하는 타이완 주민들에게 중국의 신분증 교부를 제안하는 등 과거 보다 더 실제적이고 구체적인 내용이 담긴 것들이다. 이제까지 외부에서는 중국은 무력 통일을 선호하는 것으로 알려져 있었으나, 실제는 이와 달리 평화 통일도 꾸준히 추구하고 있다고 보는 것이 정확한 판단일 것이다. 중국과 한국은 거의 유사하게 분단되었고 오늘날까지 여전히 분단 상태에 놓여있지만 이를 해소하기 위한 통일 노력은 최근들어 조금 다른 접근법을 보이고 있다. 중국은 보다 자주적이고 평화 통일적 노력에 박차를 가하고 있는 반면 한국은 여전히 안보를 강화한다는 명분으로 미국과의 관계를 더욱 긴밀히하면서 북한과 대결 노선을 강화하고 있다. 결국 한국은 분단의 원인이 되었던 외세 개입, 이념 대결 상태를 여전히 극복하지 못하고 있다고 볼 수 있겠다.

中国对美国外交战略变化研究 - 从和解到竞争

황염,곽덕환 한국중국문화학회 2023 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.77

In the early years of China's founding, the United States saw China as a nation that might collaborate in order to compete with the Soviet Union. Both countries made the decision to reconcile. Deng Xiaoping therefore chose the path of reform and opening up and deeply involved in trade with the United States. Recently, the competition between the two countries has become more intense, and if in the past, the relations were antagonistic because of ideology, nowadays provided by economic gap. However, both countries can adhere to their respective development routes are able to maintain a peaceful and healthy competitive relationship, rather than finalize the controversy into the war.

중국 타이완 관계 변화 연구 - 점진적 통일 가능성 탐구

황염,곽덕환 중국학연구회 2014 중국학연구 Vol.- No.70

Since the end of major military engagements in the Chinese Civil War in 1950, China and Taiwan have been opposed to each other. During the competition age, China claimed that it would set Taiwan free, while Taiwan insisted that it would liberate China. Recently, the two countries have promoted a mood of reconciliation and recreated their relationship through communications and exchanges. However, after China has gotten its legitimacy recognized by establishing diplomatic relations with the USA, Taiwan seemed to become degraded to the one of the Chinese local governments. Moreover, as China has entered into the western economic system with its reformation and openness policies, its economy has drastically grown and its influence has increased. To break the impasse, Taiwan came up with the countermeasure of Taiwanese independence but ended up failing to get their people’s support. After all, Taiwan would have to keep expanding exchanges with China in order to survive. In this situation, the issue of reunification between China and Taiwan has naturally come to the fore. The Chinese government suggests a "one country-two systems" formula, whereas Taiwan prefers a progressive reunification through negotiations and wants both countries to be recognized as equal sovereign nations. It will be quite interesting to see what choices China and Taiwan would make in order to become one unified country.

中国关于美国对台湾地区“支援”政策的对应

황염,곽덕환 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2022 中國硏究 Vol.93 No.-

최근 러시아∙우크라이나 전쟁으로 유발된 석유가 인상 및 원자재 가격 상승, 또한 그 결과로 인해 초래된 제조업 생산 위축으로 전 세계 국민들이 고통을 받고 있다. 그러나 더 큰 걱정은 또 다른 지역에서 다시 전쟁이 일어나지 않을까 하는 불안감일 것이다. 그 가능성이 가장 큰 지역이 역시 타이완 지역이 될 것일지도 모른다고 많은 사람들은 걱정하고 있다. 타이완 지역은 중국과 미국 양국의 경쟁과 갈등의 대상 중 가장 민감한 지역이라 볼 수 있다. 중국 공산당과 국민당은 오랜 내분을 거쳐 최종 국민당 정권이 타이완으로 쫓기어오면서 분열되었다. 그 후 미국과 중국이 외교관계를 회복하면서 미국은 지구상에 하나의 중국 만 존재한다는 것을 인정하였다. 그러나 오늘날 미국과 중국 양국이 이 지역에서의 세력 경쟁이 심화되면서 미국은 “타이완관계법”을 근거로 내세우며 타이완에게 많은 첨단 무기를 판매하고 있다. 더 나아가 만약 중국이 무력으로 타이완을 공격한다면 미국은 군사적으로 개입하겠다는 의사를 거듭 밝히고 있다. 그러나 모든 중국인들의 지혜를 동원하여 평화적 방법으로 통일을 이룰 수 있는 가능성은 여전히 존재하기 때문에, 그런 결과가 실현되기를 전 세계 모든 국민들은 기대하고 있는 것이다.

시진핑 시대 중⋅러 전면적 경제협력 강화와 그 영향

황염,디미트리,곽덕환 중국학연구회 2023 중국학연구 Vol.- No.106

During the era of Xi Jinping, China is intensifying its economic cooperation with Russia. China is actively pursuing the One Belt One Road initiative as a national project, while Russia is grappling with harsh economic sanctions from the Western powers due to the outbreak of the Ukraine conflict. Both countries keenly feel the importance of joining forces to navigate these significant national challenges. First and foremost, regional cooperation with not only Russia but also Central Asian countries is crucial for the smooth progress of the One Belt One Road initiative. However, Central Asia consists of former Soviet states, making Russia an indispensable partner. In other words, it can be said that without Russia’s cooperation, this project of China’s could be challenging to execute. Additionally, China hopes to expand the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) member countries to help them grow into a more balanced economic force against the United States. To meet these expectations for BRICS, deep connections with Russia, a country deeply intertwined with these member nations, are absolutely essential. What these BRICS member countries truly desire can be summarized as "de-dollarization." This is because their financial burdens are increasingly heavy due to rising dollar interest rates, and they are wary of potential actions such as expulsion from the SWIFT system in the event of deteriorating relations with the United States.

Brenner 종양의 1예

김무원(MK Kim),황염(Y Hwang),이원기(WK Lee),양문호(MH Yang) 대한산부인과학회 1974 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.17 No.11

저자들은 조직학적으로 Brenner종양이라고 확진된 희유한 난소종양의 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하고 이에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 하였다. Brenner tumor is a relatively rare tumor of ovary. Recently we have experienced a case of Brenner tumor. A brief review of literatures and a discussion concerning Brenner tumor are presented in this paper.

키틴분해효소를 분비하는 형질전환 Bacillus subtilis의 사료내 첨가가 비육돈의 성장, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향

김효진,조진호,진영걸,유종상,왕원,황염,김인호,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Cho, Jin-Ho,Chen, Ying-Jie,Yoo, Jong-Sang,Wang, Yuan,Huang, Yan,Kim, In-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with transgenic Bacillus subtilis secreting chitinase on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and carcass traits in finishing pigs. A total of sixty-four pigs ($50.82{\pm}0.82kg$, average initial body weight) were assessed over a period of 84 days. Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet without antibiotics), 2) AD (basal diet + 0.1% Virginiamycin), 3) CD0.5 (basal diet + 0.5% transgenic B. subtilis), 4) CD1.0 (basal diet + 1.0% transgenic B. subtilis). Each dietary treatment had 4 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. In terms of growth performance, the ADG (average daily gain) and gain/feed ratio were significantly increased with the CD1.0 diet compared to the AD diet during weeks 0-4 (p<0.05). During weeks 4-8, the ADG was significantly increased with the AD diet compared to the CON and CD0.5 diets (p<0.05). The ADFI was also significantly increased with the AD diet compared to the other diets (p<0.05). During weeks $8{\sim}12$, the ADFI was significantly increased with the CON diet compared to the other diets (p<0.05), and the gain/feed ratio was significantly increased with the CD0.5 and CD1.0 diets compared to the AD diet (p<0.05). Over the entire 84 day test period, the ADFI was significantly increased with the AD diet compared to the CD0.5 and CD1.0 diets (p<0.05). The gain/feed ratio was significantly increased with the CD0.5 and CD1.0 diets compared to the CON diet (p<0.05). In terms of meat color, the L value was significantly increased with the CD0.5 diet compared to the CON and AD diets (p<0.05), and the a value was significantly increased with the CON diet compared to the other diets (p<0.05). In terms of sensory evaluation, meat color was significantly improved with the CON, CD0.5 and CD1.0 diets compared to the AD diet (p<0.05). Marbling was significantly increased with the CON diet compared to the other diets (p<0.05). Firmness was significantly increased with the CD0.5 diet compared to the AD diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with transformed B. subtilis secreting chitinase improved gain/feed ratios and influenced meat color. Thus, we suggest that transformed B. subtilis secreting chitinase can partially substitute for antibiotics.

Bacillus subtilis 급여가 비육돈의 육질 특성, 생산성 및 분내 유해가스 발생에 미치는 영향

장해동,유종상,이제현,김효진,신승오,황염,주천상,진영걸,강대경,Jang, Hae-Dong,Yoo, Jong-Sang,Lee, Je-Hyun,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Shin, Seung-Oh,Hwang, Yan,Zhou, Tain-Xiang,Chen, Ying-Jie,Kang, Dae-Kyung 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on meat quality, growth performance and fecal malodor gas emission in finishing pigs. Thirty-six pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, $83.53{\pm}1.01\;kg$ average initial body weight) were used in a 35 d growth assay. Dietary treatments were 1) CON (basal diet), 2) B1 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.1%) and 3) B2 (basal diet + B. subtilis 0.2%). The pigs were distributed into four pigs per pen with three replicate pens per treatments by completely randomized design. For the entire period, the final weight, ADO, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. There were no significant differences in meat quality (sensory evalution, meat color, TBARS, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and M. longissimus dorsi area) among the treatments. $H_2S$ was significantly decreased in B2 treatment compared to CON and B1 treatments (p<0.05). However, ammonia, mercaptans and acetic acid were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, B. subtilis 0.2% treatments decreased fecal $H_2S$ gas emission in finishing pigs.

비육돈에 있어서 영양소 및 원료 첨가수준이 다른 사료의 급여가 생산성, 혈중 요소태질소 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향

신승오,조진호,진영걸,김해진,유종상,왕원,황염,김인호,Shin, Seung-Oh,Cho, Jin-Ho,Kim, Hae-Jin,Chen, Ying-Jie,Yoo, Jong-Sang,Wang, Yuan,Huang, Yan,Kim, In-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 비육돈에 있어서 영양소 및 원료첨가 수준이 다른 사료의 급여가 생산성, 혈중 요소태질소 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) 비육돈 96두를 공시하였으며 시험 개시시 체중이 $63.50{\pm}1.17\;kg$이었고 66일간 개체별 사양시험을 실시하였다. 실험설계는 1) T1 (ME 3,441 kcal/kg, CP 16.30%, lysine 0.93%) 2) T2 (ME 3,433 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, lysine 1.00%) 및 3) T3 (ME 3,449 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, lysine 1.00%)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 8반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 사양시험 기간 동안 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량, 사료효율 및 혈중 요소태 질소 농도는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 육색에서는 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*$값은 T3 처리구가 T2 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만, $L^*$값, $a^*$값, pH, 등심단면적, 드립감량, 조리감량, TBARS 및 보수력은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 1 kg 증체에 요구되는 사료비는 T3 처리구가 높게 나타났으나 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과는 비육돈에 있어서 영양소 및 원료첨가 수준의 차이가 생산성, 육질특성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of ninety six pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) were used in this 66 day study. Dietary treatments included 1) T1 (ME 3,441 kcal/kg, CP 16.30%, Lysine 0.93%), 2) T2 (ME 3,433 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00% and 3) T3 (ME 3,449 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00%). During the overall period, there were no significant differences in ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake), gain/feed ratio or BUN (blood urea nitrogen) among the treatments (p>0.05). The $b^*$ value of M. longissimus dorsi muscle color significantly increased (p<0.05) with T3 treatment compared to T2 treatment. However, there were no differences in the $L^*\;and\;a^*$ values, pH, M. logissimus dorsi area, drip loss, cooking loss, TBARS and WHC (water holding capacity) for pigs fed the various treatments (p>0.05). The total feed cost per kg of weight gain was not significantly different among the various dietary treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results show no effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs, and also suggest that a high nutrient density diet may not be a beneficial feeding strategy for finishing pigs in terms of cost.