항공기 내 실내공기질에 관한 고찰: 이동의 증가와 건강에 미치는 영향 및 블리드에어의 영향

함승헌(Seunghon Ham) 한국환경보건학회 2023 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Background: With the rise in global mobility, aircraft indoor air quality has become a significant public health concern. This study focuses on the health implications of increased travel and bleed air—air drawn from aircraft engines for cabin pressurization and air conditioning. Objectives: This research aims to review the potential health effects related to exposure to aircraft cabin air, particularly the effects of bleed air during fume events. Methods: We conducted a literature review of existing studies on aircraft cabin air quality. We focused on both the immediate and health effects of exposure to cabin air, particularly those related to bleed air contaminants. Results: The review found a possible link between exposure to aircraft cabin air and certain health issues, especially in cabin crew and frequent flyers. There was an increased incidence of respiratory and neurological symptoms related to bleed air exposure. However, the cumulative health effects of frequent air travel remain inconclusive due to limited data. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improving air quality in aircraft to protect public health. While further research is needed to understand the cumulative effects of frequent air travel, the reduction of exposure to bleed air contaminants should be a priority. These findings underline the need for regulatory changes and technological improvements in aircraft cabin air quality.

소방 실화재 훈련 중 발생하는 미세먼지와 호흡성분진의 특성

함승헌(Seunghon Ham),최신웅(Sin-Woong Choi),오동진(Dongjin Oh) 국립소방연구원 2021 소방안전연구 Vol.2 No.1

실화재 훈련장에서 훈련교관이 훈련 전과 후에 수행하는 업무에 대하여 미세먼지, 호흡성분진에 대하여 노출평가를 실시하였고, 그 결과 미세먼지와 호흡성분진에 노출이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 개선 방향으로는 훈련 후 발생한 재를 삽으로 정리할 경우 분진이 비산되기 때문에 삽으로 정리하는 작업을 진공청소기를 이용하여 재를 흡입할 수 있도록 개선이 필요하고, 습식 작업도 노출을 저감하는데 효과적이다. 또한 개선이 되기 전 까지는 반드시 적절한 보호구를 지급하여 착용할 수 있도록 해야 한다. Exposure assessment was conducted for particulate matter (PM) and respirable dust before and after live fire training. Exposure to PM and respirable dust was found. Regarding the improvement of the training environment, since dust is released when the ash generated after training is cleaned with a shovel, it is necessary to improve the shovel cleaning operation so that the ash can be inhaled using a vacuum cleaner. Wet work is also effective in reducing exposure. Additionally, until improvement is obtained, appropriate protective equipment must be provided.

공기 중 탄소나노튜브 시료채취 시 사용하는 카세트 종류가 벽면 손실에 미치는 영향

함승헌,김송하,이진호,이나루,윤충식,Ham, Seunghon,Kim, Songha,Lee, Jinho,Lee, Naroo,Yoon, Chungsik 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to compare the surface resistance of cassettes according to the material, and to evaluate the wall deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) by electrostatic loss in the inner wall of the cassette. Methods: Surface resistance was measured for three types of cassettes(25 mm polypropylene conductive cowl, 25 mm and 37 mm clear styrene cassettes) with a surface resistance meter. Also, electrostatic wall loss was measured at different weights of CNTs depending on the cassette. CNTs were laid on a weight dish with the cassette for five minutes to provide sufficient time to attach on the wall. Wipe sampling was performed to collect CNTs deposited on the wall and elemental carbon, known as a surrogate for CNTs, was analyzed. Results: The cassette with conductive materials(18% of black carbon) showed the lowest surface resistance($<1.21{\times}10^3{\Omega}$). Cassettes made from clear polystyrene showed the relatively highest surface resistance(25 mm: $10.02{\times}10^9{\Omega}$, 37 mm: $10.59{\times}10^9{\Omega}$). This means that particles are more likely to stick to the internal wall of styrene cassettes due to electrostatic electricity. This may lead to an underestimation of the airborne concentration of CNTs. The experiment showed that EC was not detected when using a 25 mm conductive cowl cassette, while EC was detected at the internal wall of 25 mm and 37 mm polystyrene cassettes. Conclusions: This study confirms that cassettes with a conductive cowl have low surface resistance and are more appropriate for CNT sampling. In addition, this finding could be applied for other types of particulate, especially regarding electrostatic charge and sampling.

환경부의 화학물질관리법, 화학물질등록 및 평가에 관한 법률, 고용노동부의 산업안전보건법의 화학물질 관련 내용 비교

윤충식,함승헌,박지훈,김선주,이상아,이권섭,박동욱,Yoon, Chungsik,Ham, Seunghon,Park, Jihoon,Kim, Sunju,Lee, Sangah,Lee, Kwonseob,Park, Donguk 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: The exponential growth of chemicals, an area of high concern in developed countries like the US (i.e., the Gore Initiative) and in the EU (i.e., REACH), as well as recent chemical accidents in Korea, have provoked nationwide concerns and resultant legal enforcement. This study aims to compare the laws of the Ministry of Environment (the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA), Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (ARECS)) with those of the Ministry of the Employment and Labor (Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)). Methods: Each law pertaining to the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor was downloaded from the official legal information system (www.law.go.kr). The objectives of each law and the major contents related to chemical management were compared and summarized. Results: The CSCA and the ARECS are focused on the protection of people and the environment, while the OSHA relates to the protection of workers. The right to know of people and workers has been reinforced. The former two laws emphasize prevention, but the OSHA contains both preventive and post-accident measures. The role of the Ministry of Employment was reinforced with the promulgation of the CSCA and ARECS, which contain regulations such as adjacent area impact evaluation, risk control planning, chemical statistical survey and construction and operation of information, provision of risk control plans, response to chemical accidents and registration of chemical substances. Conclusion: We found that the three laws discussed here have several similar clauses designed to protect people and the environment from risks that may be caused by the use of chemicals, even though there are some differences among them in terms of objectives and contents. This review concluded that several clauses that can be regarded as double regulation should be unified in order to minimize the waste of government administrative resources and socio-economic losses.

보건업 종사자의 업무상 질병

안선아 ( Seona An ),함승헌 ( Seunghon Ham ),이완형 ( Wanhyung Lee ),최원준 ( Won-jun Choi ),강성규 ( Seong-kyu Kang ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2020 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Objectives: Occupational diseases that occur due to or aggravated by work have commonly been recognized in the manufacturing industry, but there are now more incidences happening in the service industry due to changes in the industrial structure. Health workers are exposed to direct factors and various other causes of occupational disease at work, such as physical, chemical, biological, and psyco-social factors. This study aims to identify work-related diseases affecting health workers that are recognized as occupational diseases. Methods: The research is based on the data of workers whose diseases were accepted as work-related by the Industrial Accidents Compensation Insurance, and filed by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Amongst the approved claims during 2011 to 2015, we focused on healthcare workers and health-related workers of the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: The number of health workers(HWs) with approved work-related disease was 1,707 over 5 years. The number of healthcare workers(HCWs) excluding caregivers was 370 (21.7%) and of health-related workers (HRWs) it was 736 (43.1%). Out of HWs who were approved for their illnesses, females were 80% of HCWs and 88% of HRWs. The most common occupational disease in HWs was musculoskeletal diseases, while that of nurses was infectious disease. Conclusions: HWs are exposed to various risks from their profession and are affected by occupational diseases. It is necessary to focus on this issue and provide preventive measures.

서울대공원 코끼리 열차 특성에 따른 탑승자의 ultrafine particles 노출평가

주송이(Songyi Joo),황지희(Jihee Hwang),함승헌(Seunghon Ham),이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국환경독성학회 2012 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.5

일부 사업장에서 나타난 배치전건강진단 제도 현황과 향후과제

박혜숙 ( Hyesook Park ),강성규 ( Seong-kyu Kang ),이완형 ( Wanhyung Lee ),최원준 ( Won-jun Choi ),함승헌 ( Seunghon Ham ) 한국산업보건학회 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Introduction: Preplacement health examination (PHE) is performed when a worker starts a certain work task which is designated as having occupational risks by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). All data related to health examination except PHE are reported to the MOEL by the law. This study has been performed to understand the status of PHE at certain workplaces. Methods: PHE data gathered in a university hospital were analyzed and they were followed with results of the special health examination (SHE) in 2019 and 2020. Those who were evaluated as unfit to work as it was, were interviewed directly or indirectly through an occupational health manager to follow up the management status of their recognized health problems. Results: The unfit to work (unFTW) rate of PHE was 2.8%, and was not different according to the size of workplace or having occupational health service. The major cause of unfit to work was the uncontrolled life-style diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The rate of SHE followed by PHE was 31.1%. It was not different by the unFTW rates, however, they were different according to having a full time in-house occupational health manager. Thirty-one among 71 examinees who were evaluated as unFTW underwent SHE after controlling their health condition and were finally evaluated as fit to work. Nineteen among 31 started to take medicine and eight have been placed in the work without designated risks. Conclusion: PHE can be used for new workers, who may have unknown or uncontrolled life-style diseases, to be asked to manage life-style diseases as well as work-related risks such as shift work. In order to have a better tracking system for work-related risks, the information of PHE should be analyzed together with other data from health examination.

소방 실화재 훈련에서 사용하는 압축목재 가연물에서 발생하는 유해물질 특성

이용호(Yongho Lee),김진희(Jinhee Kim),김의진(Uijin Kim),최원준(Won-Jun Choi),이완형(Wanhyung Lee),강성규(Seong-Kyu Kang),이소연(So Yun Lee),함승헌(Seunghon Ham) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Objectives: To identify and investigate through qualitative and quantitative analysis the hazardous substances generated when compressed wood was burned at a live fire-training center. Methods: Four types of compressed wood that are actually used in live fire training were burned in a chamber according to KS F2271. The gaseous material was sampled with a gas detector tube and conventional personal samplers. Results: 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nitric acid were detected. In particular, 1,3-butadiene (497.04-680.44 ppm), benzene (97.79-125.02 ppm), formaldehyde (1.72-13.03 ppm), hydrogen chloride (4.71-15.66 ppm), hydrogen cyanide (3.64-8.57 ppm), and sulfuric acid (3.85-5.01 ppm) exceeded the Korean Occupational Exposure Limit as measured by sampling pump according to the type of compressed wood. Conclusions: We found through the chamber testing that firefighters could be exposed to toxic substances during live fire training. Therefore, firefighter protection is needed and more research is required in the field.