음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석

최혜영,이주선,최상길,김은미,김재균,김영운,임미애,정희선,Choi, Hye-Young,Lee, Ju-Seon,Choi, Sang-Kil,Kim, Eun-Mi,Kim, Jae-Kyun,Kim, Young-Woon,Lim, Mi-Ae,Chung, Hee-Sun 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

카리소프로돌 중독사의 치사혈중농도 및 조직분포

최혜영,최화경,이주선,우상희,이한선,박유신,정희선,Choi Hye Young,Choi Hwa Kyung,Lee Ju Seon,Woo Sang Hee,Lee Han Sun,Park Yoo Sin,Chung Hee Sun 대한임상독성학회 2003 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Carisoprodol (CSP) is commonly prescribed as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Recently, we encountered 7 suicidal cases in which carisoprodol was detected. We developed a rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of CSP and meprobamate (MPB) by GC and GC/MS. Postmortem blood concentrations of CSP and MPB ranged 22.9-124.4 ,$\mu$g/ml and its metabolite, 26.8-144.5 ,$\mu$g/ml respectively. Among 7 cases studied, Only CSP was ingested in 4 cases and combination of CSP and dextromethorphan was ingested in 2 cases according to the case history and one case was with ethanol. The order of the tissue concentration of CSP and MPB was liver> kidney > brain, and the concentration of MPB was higher than that of CSP in all tissues. The MPB /CSP concentration ratios of urine, bile juice, liver, kidney, brain and blood were 15.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. There was a big difference in concentration of CSP and MPB in 7 cases due to differences in the amount of dose administered and time to death after dosing.

랫드 궁둥신경에서 말이집틈새의 형성과 Neurofascin 발현 연관에 대한 면역세포화학적연구

최혜영,조익현,이종환,남상섭,장병준,Choi, Hye-Young,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Chang, Byung-Joon 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure in the sciatic nerve, the localization of neurofascin was studied with electron microscopy, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy. In the electron microscopy, the first formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure was checked at postnatal day 6 and the complete form of incisures traversing the whole myelin sheath began to be observed at postnatal day 8. In the immunofluorescence, neurofascin immunoreactive Schmidt-Lantermann incisures were first checked at postnatal day 6 and dramatically increased with aging by postnatal day 56. In the immunoelectron microscopy, neurofascin immunoreactive gold particles at the incisure forming sites were first observed at postnatal day 6 and the number of gold particles was increased as the animal was getting old by postnatal day 56. According to the present study, neurofascin is likely to have some relationships with Schmidt-Lantermann incisure formation.

초등과학교육에의 적용을 위한 뇌-기 반 학습 연구의 교육적 의미 분석

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2014 초등과학교육 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze 181 papers about brain-based learning appeared in domestic scientific journals from 1989 to May of 2012 and suggest application conditions in elementary science education. The results of this study summarizes as follows; First, learning activity suggested by brain-based learning study is mainly explained by working of brain function. Learning activity explained by brain-based learning study are divided into ‘learning according to specialized brain function, learning according to brain function integration and learning beyond specialization and integration of hemispheres’. Second, it searched how increased knowledge of brain structure and function affects learning. Analysis from this point of view suggests that brain-based learning study affects learning in many ways especially emotion, creativity and learning motivation. Third, brain-based learning study suggests various possibilities of learning activity reflecting brain plasticity. Plasticity which is one of most important characteristics of brain supports the validity of learning activity as learning disorder treatment and explains the possibility of selective increment of brain function by leaning activity and the need of whole-brain approach to learning activity. Fourth, brain-based learning brought paradigm shifts in education field. It supports learning sophistication on the understanding of student`s learning activity, guides learning method that reflects the characteristics of subject and demands reconstruction of curriculum. Fifth, there are many conditions to apply brain-based learning in elementary science education field, learning environment that fits brain-based learning, change of perspectives on teaching and learning of science educators and development of brain-based learning curriculum are needed.

자간전증 임신부의 혈청 및 태반에서의 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)에 관한 연구

최혜영 ( Hae Young Choi ),이소현 ( So Hyun Lee ),류해정 ( Hae Jeong Ryu ),신은경 ( Eun Kyoung Shin ),박미혜 ( Mi Hye Park ),우소연 ( So Yeon Woo ),박혜숙 ( Hye Sook Park ),이화영 ( Hwa Young Lee ),하은희 ( Eun Hee Ha ),전선희 ( Su 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.6

목적: 임신 삼분기의 자간전증 임신부에서 혈청 총 VEGF, PIFG, sVEGFR-1의 농도가 정상 임신부와 비교해 어떤 차이를 보이는지 알아보고 자간전증 임신부의 태반에서 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현 정도를 정상 임신부와 비교하였다. 연구방법: 40명의 정상 임신부와 46명의 자간전증 임신부를 대상으로 임신 삼분기에 각각 혈청 총 VEGF, PIGF, sVEGFR-1의 농도를 측정하였고, 분만 후 채취된 태반에서 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현은 Western blot 방법을 이용하였다. 결과: 자간전증 임신부에서 정상 임신부에 비해 혈청 총 VEGF와 PIGF는 유의하게 낮았으며 sVEGFR-1은 유의하게 높았다. 자간전증 임신부의 태반내 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현은 정상 임신부와 비교해 낮았으나 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결론: 혈관 성장 요소 (VEGF, PIGF, sVEGFR-1)의 농도가 변화가 자간전증의 유발이나 병태생리기전에 중요한 작용을 할 것으로 생각된다. 자간전증 임신부에서 sVEGFR-1의 증가는 총 VEGF와 PIGF의 효과를 억제하는 것으로 생각되며 자간전증 임신부의 태반내 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현이 낮은 것은 임신에 대한 모체 혈관의 적응을 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare serum concentrations of VEGF, placental growth facto r(PlGF), soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and the expression of VEGF-A in placental tissue from preeclamptic pregnancy with normal pregnancy. Methods: From pregnant women with (n=46) and without (n=40) preeclampsia, maternal serum in third trimester and placental tissue at delivery were collected. The serum concentrations of VEGF, PlGF, and sVEGFR-1 were measured. The expression levels of VEGF-A protein in placenta were assessed using Western blot. Results: The concentrations of total VEGF, PlGF were significantly decreased and that of sVEGFR-1 was significantly increased in patients with preeclampsia. The expression of VEGF-A protein was lower in preeclamptic placenta than in control placenta, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The abnormality of angiogenic factors (VEGF, PlGF, sVEGFR-1) may be important in the development of pathophysiology of preeclampsia. An elevation of sVEGFR-1 may lead to suppression of VEGF and PlGF effects, and also the down-regulation of VEGF-A protein in placenta may result in the decreased maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy.

유아교사의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 사회 정서 변인과 직무 관련 변인 - 조직문화의 매개효과를 중심으로-

최혜영 ( Choi Hye-young ),김수영 ( Kim Soo-young ) 한국아동교육학회 2021 아동교육 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구에서는 유아교사 행복감과 사회 정서 관련 변인(자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스), 직무 관련 변인(교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신), 조직문화 간의 전체적인 경향과 사회 정서 관련 변인 및 직무 관련 변인이 조직문화를 매개하여 유아교사 행복감에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 구조적 관계를 분석하고자 한다. 첫째, 자아탄력성, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신, 조직문화와 유아교사 행복감 간에는 정적상관이 있었으며, 대인관계 스트레스와 유아교사 행복감 간에는 부적상관이 있었다. 둘째, 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신은 조직문화를 매개하여 유아교사 행복감에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신이 긍정적일수록 조직문화 또한 긍정적으로 지각함을 의미하며, 지각된 조직문화가 긍정적일수록 유아교사 행복감이 향상됨을 의미한다. 이는 유아교사 행복감을 높이기 위한 사회 정서 관련 변인인 자아탄력성, 대인관계 스트레스, 직무 관련 변인인 교직에 대한 열정, 교사헌신 변인이 모두 중요함을 보여주는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects the overall tendency among the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness and social emotion-related variables(ego-resilience, interpersonal stress), job-related variables(passion for teaching, teacher commitment), and organizational culture, and social emotion-related variables and job-related variables on the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, mediated by the organizational culture. In addition, this study was to investigate the such structural relationship what difference might have between the Kindergarten and child care center teachers. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. First, this study has found out that there was positive correlation with the ego-resilience, passion for teaching, teacher commitment, and organizational culture and early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, and it showed the negative correlation between the interpersonal stress and early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness. Second, the ego-resilience, interpersonal stress, passion for teaching, and teacher commitment affected the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness, mediated by the organizational culture. Accordingly, as the ego-resilience, interpersonal stress, passion for teaching, and teacher commitment were positive, it meant that the organizational culture could be perceived positively. The more the perceived organizational culture was positive, the more the early childhood teachers' feeling of happiness was improved.

소진(Burnout)의 개념 분석

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ) 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2010 Health & Nursing Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze and clarify the concept of burnout from the perspectives of workplace health and workers` wellbeing. Method: Total 29 literatures related to burnout was reviewed by the framework of Walker and Avant (2004)`s concept analysis. Result: Burnout can be defined by the following attributes: 1) overwhelming exhaustion, 2) mental distancing or withdrawal from work or recipient, 3) supplementally, reduced personal accomplishment or professional efficacy. The antecedents of burnout are as follows: 1) work overload or imbalance, 2) role problems, 3) lack of control, 4) social dynamics issue in work environment and organizational culture. The consequences of burnout are as follows: 1) job-related negative outcome and impairment of organization, 2) negative health outcome, 3) negative impact on individual quality of life. Conclusion: The core concept of burnout is severe mental exhaustion leading to health problems. Burnout and its health issue needs to be studied based on the substantial conceptualization associated with workplace health for Nurses, Healthcare Providers and general workers.

콩잎 추출물의 근위축 개선 효과

최혜영(Hye Young Choi),하영술(Young-Sool Hah),지영호(Yeong Ho Ji),하준영(Jun Young Ha),배환희(Hwan Hee Bae),이동열(Dong Yeol Lee),정원민(Won Min Jeong),정동규(Dong Kyu Jeong),유준일(Jun-Il Yoo),김상곤(Sang Gon Kim) 한국생명과학회 2023 생명과학회지 Vol.33 No.12

골격근량과 근력의 점진적인 감소를 특징으로 하는 근감소증은 고령화 인구에서 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구는 콩잎 추출물(Soybean Leaf extracts, SL)의 덱사메타손으로 유도된 근위축에 대한 치료적 가능성을 세포 및 동물 모델에서 조사하였다. 세포 실험 결과, SL은 C2C12 근섬유의 형태, 밀도 및 크기가 보존되어 통계적으로 유의미한 수준으로 덱사메타손에 의해 유발된 근위축을 완화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SL 처리는 주요 근육 위축 조절 인자인 muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1)과 muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)의 발현을 mRNA 및 단백질 수준 모두에서 유의하게 하향 조절하였다. 마우스 모델에서 SL 투여는 특히 덱사메타손으로 인한 체중 감소와 근육 소모를 상쇄하여 비복근과 전경골근의 근육량을 보존하는 것으로 나타났다. 기능적으로도 SL을 투여한 마우스는 악력과 트레드밀 지구력이 향상되어 근육 성능이 개선되었다. 또한 SL은 골격근에서 근위축 관련 단백질인 MAFbx의 발현을 억제하여 덱사메타손 유도 근위축에 대한 보호 역할을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 SL은 근감소증과 같은 근육 소모 질환을 개선할 수 있는 유망한 천연 치료제가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the insidious loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, represents a significant and growing healthcare challenge, impacting the mobility and quality of life of aging populations worldwide. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of soybean leaf extract (SL) for dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in an in vivo model. In vitro experiments showed that SL significantly alleviated Dexa-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotube cells, as evidenced by preserved myotube morphology, density, and size. Moreover, SL treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), key factors regulating muscle atrophy. In a Dexa-induced atrophy mouse model, SL administration significantly inhibited Dexa-induced weight loss and muscle wasting, preserving the mass of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. Furthermore, mice treated with SL exhibited significant improvements in muscle function compared to their counterparts suffering from Dexa-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by a notable increase in grip strength and extended endurance on treadmill tests. Moreover, SL suppressed the expression of muscle atrophy–related proteins in skeletal muscle, highlighting its protective role against Dexa-induced muscle atrophy. These results suggest that SL has potential as a natural treatment for muscle-wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia.

참산부추(Allium sacculiferum Max.) 메탄올 추출물의 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 및 지질 축적 억제 효능

최혜영(Hye-Young Choi),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 Allium 속 식물의 하나인 참산부추(ASM) 메탄올 추출물의 ROS 생성 저해 및 지질 축적 억제 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 ASM 메탄올 추출물 100~2,000 μg/mL의 모든 농도에서 유의적인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, 지방전구 세포에 ASM 메탄올 추출물 10~100 μg/mL를 처리하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방세포 내 ROS 관련 효소와 분화 관련 전사인자의 조절로 인한 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하기 위하여 지방전구세포를 분화 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별(10, 50, 100 μg/mL)로 처리하였다. 그 결과 ASM 메탄올 추출물은 대조군에 비해 ROS 생성량과 ROS 관련 효소인 G6PDH mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 ASM 메탄올 추출물에 의하여 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적량이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 지방세포 분화에 관련된 전사인자인 SREBP1c, PPARγ 및 C/EBPα mRNA 발현도 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 ASM 메탄올 추출물로 인한 ROS 생성 저해와 지질 축적 억제는 ROS 생성 및 ROS 관련 유전자의 발현 감소로 인한 지방 생성 주요 전사인자의 유전자 발현 억제로 인한 것으로 보이며, ASM이 항비만 효과가 있는 천연물 소재로 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

사무직 근로자를 위한 사회인지이론 기반 걷기 프로그램의 효과

최혜영(Choi, Hye-Young),양숙자(Yang, Sook-Ja) 한국성인간호학회 2013 성인간호학회지 Vol.25 No.6