음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석

최혜영,이주선,최상길,김은미,김재균,김영운,임미애,정희선,Choi, Hye-Young,Lee, Ju-Seon,Choi, Sang-Kil,Kim, Eun-Mi,Kim, Jae-Kyun,Kim, Young-Woon,Lim, Mi-Ae,Chung, Hee-Sun 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

카리소프로돌 중독사의 치사혈중농도 및 조직분포

최혜영,최화경,이주선,우상희,이한선,박유신,정희선,Choi Hye Young,Choi Hwa Kyung,Lee Ju Seon,Woo Sang Hee,Lee Han Sun,Park Yoo Sin,Chung Hee Sun 대한임상독성학회 2003 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Carisoprodol (CSP) is commonly prescribed as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Recently, we encountered 7 suicidal cases in which carisoprodol was detected. We developed a rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of CSP and meprobamate (MPB) by GC and GC/MS. Postmortem blood concentrations of CSP and MPB ranged 22.9-124.4 ,$\mu$g/ml and its metabolite, 26.8-144.5 ,$\mu$g/ml respectively. Among 7 cases studied, Only CSP was ingested in 4 cases and combination of CSP and dextromethorphan was ingested in 2 cases according to the case history and one case was with ethanol. The order of the tissue concentration of CSP and MPB was liver> kidney > brain, and the concentration of MPB was higher than that of CSP in all tissues. The MPB /CSP concentration ratios of urine, bile juice, liver, kidney, brain and blood were 15.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. There was a big difference in concentration of CSP and MPB in 7 cases due to differences in the amount of dose administered and time to death after dosing.

랫드 궁둥신경에서 말이집틈새의 형성과 Neurofascin 발현 연관에 대한 면역세포화학적연구

최혜영,조익현,이종환,남상섭,장병준,Choi, Hye-Young,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Chang, Byung-Joon 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure in the sciatic nerve, the localization of neurofascin was studied with electron microscopy, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy. In the electron microscopy, the first formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure was checked at postnatal day 6 and the complete form of incisures traversing the whole myelin sheath began to be observed at postnatal day 8. In the immunofluorescence, neurofascin immunoreactive Schmidt-Lantermann incisures were first checked at postnatal day 6 and dramatically increased with aging by postnatal day 56. In the immunoelectron microscopy, neurofascin immunoreactive gold particles at the incisure forming sites were first observed at postnatal day 6 and the number of gold particles was increased as the animal was getting old by postnatal day 56. According to the present study, neurofascin is likely to have some relationships with Schmidt-Lantermann incisure formation.

원예치료를 활용한 교류분석 프로그램이 희귀성질환 아동 가족의 탄력성에 미치는 영향

최혜영(Hye Young, Choi),이영호(Young Ho, Lee) 한국교류분석상담학회 2021 교류분석상담연구 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 희귀성질환을 가진 아동을 키우는 가족의 어려움 중에서 심리 정서적인 면들에 초점을 두고 그중에서도 가족강점 관점에서 가족이 위기상황과 스트레스에도 불구하고 적응하고 견디게 하는 가족탄력성에 주목하였다. 이에 가족탄력성을 향상시키는 원예치료를 활용한 교류분석 프로그램을 실시하고 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 희귀성질환 아동을 둔 가족의 심리적․정서적 회복을 위한 개입으로 자연물을 이용한 원예치료를 활용하였고, 교류분석의 주요이론인 자아상태과 스트로크 이론을 바탕으로 프로그램을 구성하여 가족탄력성의 하위개념인 신념체계, 의사소통과 조직유형에 미치는 영향은 어떠한지 조망해 보았다. 원예치료를 활용한 교류분석프로그램의 효과성 검증은 비동일 비교집단설계로 하였다. 실험집단과 비교집단에 사전 가족탄력성 검사를 한 후 실험집단에는 주 2회 2시간씩 8회기 프로그램을 실시하고, 비교집단에는 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 프로그램 종료 후에 사후검사를 실시하여 두 집단의 사전․사후 변화를 비교하였다. 연구결과 원예치료를 활용한 교류분석프로그램은 희귀성질환 아동의 가족탄력성을 향상시키는 데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가족탄력성의 하위개념인 신념체계, 의사소통, 조직유형이 모두 유의미하게 향상되었다. 첫째, 신념체계 영역에서는 자아상태 검사를 통한 P자아, A자아, C자아의 이해를 토대로 기존 가족신념을 분석, 이해하고 이를 지금, 여기 상황에 맞는 문제해결력을 가진 신념으로 업데이트하는 과정을 통해 신념체계의 변화를 유도하게 되었다. 둘째, 의사소통 과정에서는 교류분석의 스트로크 이론에서 긍정적인 스트로크를 통해 가족 간의 의사소통이 원활하게 되고 솔직한 감정표현을 할 수 있는 일상의 변화를 이끄는 데 도움이 되는 결과로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직유형에서는 가족역할 안정성, 가족응집력, 가족자원 점수가 높아져 가족의 의미와 역할 면에서 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 넷째, 원예치료를 활용하여 프로그램을 구성함으로 흥미와 집중을 할 수 있었고 매회기마다 결과물을 가지고 갈 수 있어 프로그램이 진행되는 동안 성취감과 변화를 이끄는 매개가 되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 원예치료를 활용한 교류분석프로그램의 한계점과 향후 연구방향과 제언을 제시하였다. This study focused on the psychological and emotional aspects of families raising children with rare diseases, and, in particular, from the perspective of family strength, the family resilience of families to adapt and endure despite the crisis and stress was seen as an important concept. Therefore, It was intended to conduct an transactional analysis program using horticulture that improves family resilience and verify its effectiveness. For psychological and emotional intervention of families with rare diseases, horticulture using natural materials was utilized, and programs were organized based on the theory of self-status and stroke, which are the main concepts of alternating current analysis, to find out what the effects were on the subconcepts of family resilience, the belief system, communication and organizational type. Verification of effectiveness of transactional analysis programs using horticulture was made with nonequvalent comparison group design. After conducting a preliminary family resilience test on experimental groups and comparison groups, the experimental group conducted a total of eight programs twice a week and two hours per session, and did not take any action on comparison groups. A follow-up examination was conducted after the end of the program to compare the changes in the front and back examinations of the two groups. Studies have shown that the transactional analysis program using horticulture is effective in improving family resilience of children with rare diseases. The belief system, communication and organizational type, which are subconcepts of family resilience, have all been significantly improved. In the belief system area, we examined family beliefs in the personality types of P, A, and C through self-status tests. Here and now, It became a factor that changed the belief system through new analysis and self-discovery with belief that has the ability to solve problems in accordance with the situation. In the communication process, the results were shown to help lead to daily changes in communication between family members through strokes and to make honest emotional expressions. In the organizational type, the stability of family roles, family cohesion and family resource scores increased, resulting in positive results for the meaning and role of the family. By using horticulture to organize programs, interest and concentration were possible, and the results could be carried out every time, which became a means of guiding achievement and change during the program.

음악요법이 세기조절 방사선치료를 받는 암 환자의 불안, 우울 및 피로에 미치는 효과

최혜영(Choi, Hye-Young),이여진(Yi, Yeo-Jin) 대한종양간호학회 2013 Asian Oncology Nursing Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, depression and fatigue in cancer patient undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The participants were 65 cancer patients (33 experimental and 32 control group) receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy. Music therapy for the experimental group took 20-30 minutes per session for five days while they were receiving radiotherapy. Results: State anxiety, VAS anxiety and depression of the experimental group after treatment were reduced but there was no statistical significance between the experimental group and control group before and after having treatment. There was no statistical significance on the difference of fatigue between the two groups. Conclusion: Music therapy is an adjuvant therapy and using other nursing intervention with music therapy could be more effective than using only music therapy to reduce the anxiety, depression and fatigue for cancer patients undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy.

한국의 신약 허가기간에 대한 조사 연구(2011~2017년)

최혜영(Hye-Young Choi),이재현(Jae-Hyun Lee) 대한약학회 2020 약학회지 Vol.64 No.1

In many countries, there is a growing interest in the new drug approval timeline as well as drug lag for new drug approval. We examine the actual timeline required for the approval and NDA (New Drug Application) review timeline, analyzed the relevant influencing factors in Korea, also compared drug lag with that in the US and Europe. This study was conducted on approved new drugs in Korea from 2011 to 2017 by KRPIA (Korea Research-based Pharmaceutical Industry Association) members. The data set included drug name, active ingredients, company name, orphan drug status, therapeutic class, application date, approval date etc. NDA review period represented the difference between the date of submission and the date of approval by the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Relative submission gap was measured by the difference between the earliest submission date in FDA (Food and Drug Administration) or EMA (European Medicines Agency) and submission date in MFDS, and approval gap was calculated from the earliest approval date in FDA or EMA to approval date in MFDS. Regression analyze was used to identify the factors associated with NDA timeline. In total 115 approved new drugs in Korea, the average NDA timeline was 299.7days (median=293 days), and delayed by 15.3days (p=0.0250) on average over time. The study contained 73 chemicals (63.5%) and 42 biologicals (36.5%). In the case of orphan drugs, the NDA timeline was 187.1days faster than general new drugs on average (p<0.0001). There was a difference by TA (Therapeutic Anatomy), but it wasn’t statistically significant.

직장인의 건강행위와 운동프로그램 요구도

최혜영(Choi, Hye Young),안지숙(An, Jisook),지연경(Chee, Yeon Kyung) 한국보건간호학회 2014 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine perceived needs for exercise programs among adults in the workforce based on sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors. Methods: The sample consisted of 182 office workers, sales workers, and service workers recruited at a worksite in Seoul (97 males and 85 females, Mean age=34.6, SD=7.71). Study participants completed a structured questionnaire on health-related behaviors and areas of needs for exercise programs. Analysis of data was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Workers with greater interest in exercise reported to engage in exercise. Significant differences were observed in goals of exercise, preferred exercise, preferred methods for delivery of exercise, preferred exercise monitoring, and social support for exercise maintenance according to age, sex, marital status, education, commuting time, occupation, alcohol use, smoking, and current participation in exercise. There were no differences in areas of exercise program needs by consumption of high calorie foods. Conclusion: Public health nurses can use these findings for development and implementation of tailored exercise programs to promote health for workers whose physical activity is insufficient.

참산부추(Allium sacculiferum Max.) 메탄올 추출물의 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 및 지질 축적 억제 효능

최혜영(Hye-Young Choi),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 Allium 속 식물의 하나인 참산부추(ASM) 메탄올 추출물의 ROS 생성 저해 및 지질 축적 억제 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 ASM 메탄올 추출물 100~2,000 μg/mL의 모든 농도에서 유의적인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, 지방전구 세포에 ASM 메탄올 추출물 10~100 μg/mL를 처리하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방세포 내 ROS 관련 효소와 분화 관련 전사인자의 조절로 인한 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하기 위하여 지방전구세포를 분화 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별(10, 50, 100 μg/mL)로 처리하였다. 그 결과 ASM 메탄올 추출물은 대조군에 비해 ROS 생성량과 ROS 관련 효소인 G6PDH mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 ASM 메탄올 추출물에 의하여 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적량이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 지방세포 분화에 관련된 전사인자인 SREBP1c, PPARγ 및 C/EBPα mRNA 발현도 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 ASM 메탄올 추출물로 인한 ROS 생성 저해와 지질 축적 억제는 ROS 생성 및 ROS 관련 유전자의 발현 감소로 인한 지방 생성 주요 전사인자의 유전자 발현 억제로 인한 것으로 보이며, ASM이 항비만 효과가 있는 천연물 소재로 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

자간전증 임신부의 혈청 및 태반에서의 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)에 관한 연구

최혜영 ( Hae Young Choi ),이소현 ( So Hyun Lee ),류해정 ( Hae Jeong Ryu ),신은경 ( Eun Kyoung Shin ),박미혜 ( Mi Hye Park ),우소연 ( So Yeon Woo ),박혜숙 ( Hye Sook Park ),이화영 ( Hwa Young Lee ),하은희 ( Eun Hee Ha ),전선희 ( Su 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.6

목적: 임신 삼분기의 자간전증 임신부에서 혈청 총 VEGF, PIFG, sVEGFR-1의 농도가 정상 임신부와 비교해 어떤 차이를 보이는지 알아보고 자간전증 임신부의 태반에서 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현 정도를 정상 임신부와 비교하였다. 연구방법: 40명의 정상 임신부와 46명의 자간전증 임신부를 대상으로 임신 삼분기에 각각 혈청 총 VEGF, PIGF, sVEGFR-1의 농도를 측정하였고, 분만 후 채취된 태반에서 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현은 Western blot 방법을 이용하였다. 결과: 자간전증 임신부에서 정상 임신부에 비해 혈청 총 VEGF와 PIGF는 유의하게 낮았으며 sVEGFR-1은 유의하게 높았다. 자간전증 임신부의 태반내 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현은 정상 임신부와 비교해 낮았으나 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결론: 혈관 성장 요소 (VEGF, PIGF, sVEGFR-1)의 농도가 변화가 자간전증의 유발이나 병태생리기전에 중요한 작용을 할 것으로 생각된다. 자간전증 임신부에서 sVEGFR-1의 증가는 총 VEGF와 PIGF의 효과를 억제하는 것으로 생각되며 자간전증 임신부의 태반내 VEGF-A 단백질의 발현이 낮은 것은 임신에 대한 모체 혈관의 적응을 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare serum concentrations of VEGF, placental growth facto r(PlGF), soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and the expression of VEGF-A in placental tissue from preeclamptic pregnancy with normal pregnancy. Methods: From pregnant women with (n=46) and without (n=40) preeclampsia, maternal serum in third trimester and placental tissue at delivery were collected. The serum concentrations of VEGF, PlGF, and sVEGFR-1 were measured. The expression levels of VEGF-A protein in placenta were assessed using Western blot. Results: The concentrations of total VEGF, PlGF were significantly decreased and that of sVEGFR-1 was significantly increased in patients with preeclampsia. The expression of VEGF-A protein was lower in preeclamptic placenta than in control placenta, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The abnormality of angiogenic factors (VEGF, PlGF, sVEGFR-1) may be important in the development of pathophysiology of preeclampsia. An elevation of sVEGFR-1 may lead to suppression of VEGF and PlGF effects, and also the down-regulation of VEGF-A protein in placenta may result in the decreased maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy.

사무직 근로자를 위한 사회인지이론 기반 걷기 프로그램의 효과

최혜영(Choi, Hye-Young),양숙자(Yang, Sook-Ja) 한국성인간호학회 2013 성인간호학회지 Vol.25 No.6