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WCDMA 상향링크에서의 2-D RAKE 수신기 시뮬레이터 제작 및 성능 분석
남원모,최철준,김영수,Nam, Won-Mo,Choi, Chul-Joon,Kim, Young-Soo 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.10A
본 논문에서는 WCDMA 상향링크 기지국에서 빔 형성 기술을 적용한 2-D RAKE 수신기, 시뮬레이터를 제작하고 그 성능을 배열 안테나 수, RAKE 가지 수 및 총 사용자 수에 따라 1-D RAKE 수신기완 비교 분석하였다. 도심환경에서 수신되는 신호의 방향성분과 다중접속에 의한 간섭신호를 실제에 가깝게 모델링, 하기 위해 다수의 사용자는 셀의 한 섹터 내에서 기지국으로부터 같은 거리만큼 떨어진 임의 방향에 존재함을 가정하고, Rappaport에 의해 고안된 GBSBEM(Geometry Based Single Bounce Elliptical Model)을 응용하여 채널 시뮬레이터를 제작, 사용하였다. 배열 안테나 수와 rake 가지 수를 변화시켜 가며 총 사용자 수에 따른 비트 오율과 신호대 잡음비에 따른 비트오율을 사용하여 성능을 비교, 분석하였다. 그 결과 2-D RAKE 수신기의 배열 안테나 수가 증가함에 따라 다중접속간섭신호를 효과적으로 제거함으로써 비트오율 성능이 획기적으로 개선됨을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, 2-D RAKE receiver simulator is made which beamforming technique is applied to in WCI)MA uplink basestation, and the performance is compared with that of 1-D RAKE receiver with varying the number of array elements, RAKE fingers and users. To model angular component of received signal and interfering signals due to multiple access, it is assumed that multiple users are located in the arbitrary direction of the same distance far from the basestation within a sector of the cell, and the channel simulator is made by using Geometry Based Single Bounce Elliptical Model(GBSBEM) suggested by Rappaport. BER performance is compared and analyzed with the various choise of the number of array elements, the number of RAKE fingers, the number of users and Eb/No. These results indicate that increasing the number of array elements eliminates efficiently multiple access interfering signals and improves dramatically BER performance.
최은경(Euk Kyung Choi),장혜숙(Hyesook Chang),서철원(Cheolwon Suh),이규형(Kyoo Hyung Lee),이정신(Jung Sing Lee),김상희(Sang Hee Kim),최철준(Chul Joon Chio),고윤석(Youn Suck Koh),김우성(Woo Sung Kim),김원동(Won Dong Kim),김삼현(Sam Hyu 대한방사선종양학회 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2
제3기의 진행성 비소세포 폐암에서의 MVP 항암 요법과 다분할 방사선 치료의 효과를 판정하기 위하여 1991년 1월부터 전향성 임의선택 연구(prospective randomized study)를 시작하였다. 본 연구는 제Ⅲ기의 비소세포 폐암중 절제가 불가능한 환자를 대상으로 하여 MVP 항암요법(Mitomycin C 6mg/㎡, Vinblastine 6mg/㎡, Cisplatin 60mg/㎡)을 3회 시행한 후 다분할 방사선치료 (120cGy/fx, BID)를 6500cGy까지 조사하였다. 방사선치료가 끝난 1개월 후 관해정도를 확인하여 추가 항암요법을 시행하는 군과 계속 관찰하는 군으로 임의 분류하였다. 1991년 8월까지 18명의 환자가 등록 되었으며 이중 2명은 2cycle의 항암요법 후 치료를 포기하여 16명의 환자에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. MVP항암요법에 대한 관해율은 62.5%로 50%에서는 부분관해 12.5%에서는 minimal response를 보였다. 항암요법에 부분관해를 보인 3명중 1명에서는 방사선 치료후 완전관해를 보였으며 항암요법으로 병이 진행된 6명의 환자중 4명에서는 방사선 치료후에도 역시 병이 진행되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 모든 환자는 다분할 방사선 치료를 잘 견뎠으나 한 환자가 방사선 치료 한달 후 항암요법과 관련된 부작용으로 사망하였다. 아직 추적관찰 기간이 짧고 대상환자가 많지 않다는 문제점은 있으나 본 연구를 계속 진행함으로써 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. To evaluate the effect of MVP chemontherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in StageⅢ unresectable non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), authors have conducted a prospective randomized study since January 1991. StageⅢa or Ⅲb unresectable NSCLC patients were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy (120cGy/fx, BID) up to 6500 cGy followng 3 cycles of induction MVP(Mitomycin C 6mg/㎡, Vinblastine 6mg/㎡, Cisplatin 60mg/㎡) and randomized for either observation or 3cycles of maintenance MVP chemontherapy. Until August 1991, 18 patients were registered to this study. 4cases were stage Ⅲa and 14 were stage Ⅲb. Among 18 cases 2 were lost after 2 cycles of chemonterapy, and 16 were analyzed for this preliminary report. The response rate of induction chemotherapy was 62.5%; partial response, 50% and minimal response, 12.5%. Residual tumor of the one partial responder was completely disappeared after radiotherapy. Among 6cases sho were progressed during induction chemotherapy, 4 of them were also progressed after radiotherapy. All patients were tolerated BID radiotherapy without definite increase of acute complications, compared with conventional radiotherapy group. But at the time of this report, one patient expired in two month after the completion of the radiotherapy because of treatment related complication. Although the longer follow up is needed, autors are encouraged with higher response rate and acceptable toxicity of this treatment. Authors believe that study is worthshile to continue.
새 방법에 의한 승모판협착중에서의 승모판구 면적측정에 관한 연구
배종화(Jong Hoa Bae),최철준(Chul Joon Choi),조정휘(Chung Whee Choue),김권삼(Kwon Sam Kim),김명식(Myung Shick Kim),송정상(Jung Sang Song),정충화(Chong Hwa Jung) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.1
N/A A new formula (ED-MVA) was derived from the study of fluid dynamics, that the flow volume is proportional to orifice area, velocity of flow, and which shows period required by the flow. The mitral inflow volume can be obtained by estimating the stroke volume (SV) by Teichholz's method from M-mode echocardiogram of the left ventricle, and the mean diastolic velocity (MDV) and diastolic filling period (DFP) by mitral inflow continuous-wave Doppler echocardiogram, respectively. Therefore, the new Echo/Doppler method is MVA= SV/MDV×DFP. We compared this new method to other methods in 28 patients with severe mitral stenosis. The following results were obtained: 1) MVAs of 28 patients with mitral stenosis were determined as follows: Cath-MVA=0.967±0.289cm² 2DE-MVA=1.202±0.519 cm², PHT-MVA=1.006±0.364 cm², and ED-MVA=0.976±0.279cm² 2) ED-MVA of these 28 cases correlated well at a coefficient of 0.867 than with PHT-MVA (r=0.513) or 2DE-MVA (r=0.513) in comparison with Cath-MVA, 3) Excluding four patients with mitral regurgitation, the ED-MVA of 24 patients with isolated mitral stenosis showed a better correlation with r=0.944 than with PHT-MVA (r=0.642) or 2DE-MVA (r=0.637) in comparison with Cath-MVA. Therefore, new Echo/Doppler method was a useful noninvasive method in the estimation of mitral valve area with simplicity and accuracy.
최은경,장혜숙,서철원,이규형,이정신,김상희,최철준,고윤석,김우성,김원동,김삼현,손광현,Choi, Euk-Kyung,Chang, Hye-Sook,Suh, Cheol-Won,Lee, Kyoo-Hyung,Lee, Jung-Shin,Kim, Sang-Hee,Choi, Chul-Joon,Koh, Youn-Suck,Kim, Woo-Sung,Kim, Won-Dong,K The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2
제3기의 진행성 비소세포 폐암에서의 MVP항암 요법과 다분할 방사선 치료의 효과를 판정하기 위하여 1991년 1월부터 전향성 임의선택 연구(prospective randomized study)를 시작하였다. 본 연구는 제III기의 비소세포 폐암중 절제가 불가능한 환자를 대상으로 하여 MVP 항암요법(Mitomycin C 6mg/$m^2$, Vinblastine 6 mg/$m^2$, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^2$)을 3회 시행한 후 다분할 방사선치료 (120 cGy/ft BID)를 6500 cGy까지 조사하였다. 방사선치료가 끝난 1개월 후 관해정도를 확인하여 추가 항암요법을 시행하는 군과 계속 관찰하는 군으로 임의 분류하였다. 1991년 8월까지 18명의 환자가 등록 되었으며 이중 2명은 2cycle의 항암요법 후 치료를 포기하여 16명의 환자에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. MVP항암요법에 대한 관해율은 $62.5\%$로 $50\%$에서는 부분관해 $12.5\%$에서는 minimal response를 보였다. 항암요법에 부분관해를 보인 3명중 1명에서는 방사선 치료후 완전관해를 보였으며 항암요법으로 병이 진행된 6명의 환자중 4명에서는 방사선 치료후에도 역시 병이 진행되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 모든 환자는 다분할 방사선 치료를 잘 견뎠으나 한 환자가 방사선 치료 한달 후 항암요법과 관련된 부작용으로 사망하였다. 아직 추적관찰 기간이 짧고 대상 환자가 많지 않다는 문제점은 있으나 본 연구를 계속 진행함으로써 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. To evaluate the effect of MVP chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in Stage III unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), authors have conducted a prospective randomized study since January 1991, Stage IIIa or IIIb unresectable NSCLC patients were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy (120 cGy/fx BID) up to 6500 cGy following 3 cycles of induction MVP (Mitomycin C 6 mg/$m^2$, Vinblastine 6 mg/$m^2$, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^2$) and randomized for either observation or 3 cycles of maintenance MVP chemotherapy. Until August 1991, 18 patients were registered to this study. 4 cases were stage IIIa and 14 were stage IIIb. Among 18 cases 2 were lost after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 46 were analyzed for this preliminary report. The response rate of induction chemotherapy was $62.5\%$ : partial response, $50\%$ and minimal response, $12.5\%$. Residual tumor of the one partial responder was completely disappeared after radiotherapy. Among 6 cases who were progressed during induction chemotherapy, 4 of them were also progressed after radiotherapy. All patients were tolerated BID radiotherapy without definite increase of acute complications, compared with conventional radiotherapy group. But at the time of this report, one patient expired in two month after the completion of the radiotherapy because of treatment related complication. Although the longer follow up is needed, authors are encouraged with higher response rate and acceptable toxicity of this treatment. Authors believe that this study is worthwhile to continue.
이석권(Suk Kwon Lee),어완규(Wan Kyu Eo),최철준(Chul Joon Choi),조정휘(Chung Whee Choue),김권삼(Kwon Sam Kim),김명식(Myung Shick Kim),송정상(Jung Sang Song),배종화(Jong Hoa Bae) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.39 No.2
N/A To access the hypothesis that left atrial enlargement as measured by echocardiography is the earliest sign of cardiac dysfunction in patients with systemic hypertension alone, we underwent M-mode echocardiography in 13 normal controls and 31 hypertensive patients who have neither quantitative evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy by noninvasive techniques, nor other causes of left atrial enlargement, such as coronary artery or valvular hart disease. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, or fractional shortening. 2) The left atrial dimension in the hypertensive patients (1.98±0.51cm) was significantly higher than normal control (3.27±0.46 cm) (p<0.05). 3) The left artial index was also higher in the hyper-tensive patients, 1.99±0.36cm/m² versus 2.42±0.39cm/m² (p<0.05), and the left atrial-to-aortic root dimension ratio was significantly higher in the hypertensive group, 1.10±0.14 versus 1.37±0.39 (p<0.05). The above results suggest that echocardiographic left atrial enlargement may be an early sign of hypertensive heart disease in patients with no other discernible causes of left atrial enlargement.