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호두 껍데기, 자궁, 그리고 햄릿의 감옥 ―『햄릿』과 매큐언의 『호두 껍데기』
지승아 ( Seung-a Ji ) 21세기영어영문학회 2021 영어영문학21 Vol.34 No.4
This article examines Hamlet’s dilemma that turns his ontological question into an ethical practice in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and its adaptation in McEwan’s Nutshell. As a prequel to Hamlet, Nutshell rethinks Hamlet’s dilemma from the perspective of a nine-month-old fetus Hamlet. Hamlet, who feels trapped in a nutshell, wants to die to end his weary life. On the contrary, the fetus Hamlet, who is enclosed tightly in a womb, has a strong will to live. While Hamlet hesitates to avenge his father’s death because he is skeptical about the ghost’s claims, the fetus Hamlet casts aside his thought of revenge even though he witnesses the murder of his father by his mother and uncle. The fetus Hamlet should acquiesce to the murder to be born safe and free outside the prison. Here is his ethical dilemma between his filial duty and desire to experience the world. Hamlet’s death remains in silence, while the fetus Hamlet’s life remains in chaos. The birth of the fetus Hamlet sets him free from the womb but will bring him ceaseless bad dreams. Although Nutshell can be read as McEwan’s answer to Hamlet’s silence, the fetus Hamlet’s chaos, however, like a Möbius strip, seems to curve back to the enigmatic silence. This claustrophobic loop symbolizes Hamlet’s dilemma from the womb and the prison to the castle Elsinore and the nutshell. The enigmatic silence in Hamlet still leaves us a very tough task to report Hamlet’s tragic narrative properly.
지승도 한국시뮬레이션학회 1999 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.2
The main purpose of this paper is to design and implement forest fire information system (FOFIS) for effective prevention of forest fire using GIS, database, 3-D graphics, and simulation techniques. In contrast to conventional fire information systems that are mostly based on the 2-D graphics and analytic modeling approaches, we have proposed the cell-based modeling approaches, i.e., spatial, data, and simulation modeling approaches. The cell-based spatial modeling is proposed by eliminating the cliff effect of the typical elevation model so that it can provide realistic 3-D graphics of the forest fire. The cell-based data modeling of geography, meteorology, and forestry information is also proposed. The cell-based dynamic modeling for forecasting of the fire diffusion is developed using the variable structure modeling techniques. Several simulation tests of FOFIS performed on a sample forest area of Chungdo, Kyungsangbukdo will demonstrate our approaches.
지승도 한국시뮬레이션학회 1998 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.2
This paper presents an automated methodology for campus network design and performance analysis using the rule-based SES and DEVS modeling & simulation techniques. Proposed methodology for structural design and performance analysis can be utilized not only in the early stage of network design for selecting configurable candidate from all possible design alternatives, but also in simulation verification for generating performance data. Our approach supercedes conventional methodologies in that, first, it can support the configuration automation by utilizing the knowledge of design expert ; second, it can provide the simulation-based performance evaluation ; third, it is established on the basis of the well-formalized framework so that it can support a hierarchical and modular system design. Several simulation tests performed on a campus network example will illustrate our technique.
미들턴의 『미카엘마스 개정기』에 나타난 토지, 도시, 그리고 모방 환상
지승아 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2018 중세근세영문학 Vol.28 No.1
This paper examines Thomas Middleton’s Michaelmas Term that dramatizes both the attraction and danger of London through class conflict between a landed gentry Easy and a London merchant Quomodo. Easy tries to embrace conspicuous consumption and self-indulgence in the urban life that he regards as a highly developed and refined culture. Quomodo tricks Easy into mortgaging his estate to him with the aid of his fellow tricksters Shortyard and Falselight. Quomodo’s financial scam on a credit network shows that London is an arena of struggle in which individuals pursue their own profit at the sacrifice of others. I, however, contend that the moral dichotomy of an innocent country and an evil city that the gullible Easy and the vicious Quomodo represent simplifies the play by focusing only on class conflict. While Easy and Quomodo conflict with each other as swindler and victim, they ironically have mimetic fantasies for each other. Easy has a fantasy for living as a Londoner, and is willing to do anything simply because it is in fashion in London. Quomodo, complaining that he cannot but bequeath the unfair profits he makes to his son Sim, wants to make Sim the legal heir to the estate he takes from Easy. Both Easy’s and Quomodo’s mimetic fantasies imply that their desires are not only individual but also social ones. They are rivals but at the same time the mediators who arouse desires in each other. Middleton satirizes both Easy’s foolish pursuit of the urban culture and Quomodo’s passion for upward social mobility. This paper consequently argues that Middleton puts responsibilities on individuals to restore morality and social order to corrupted London in the capitalist market economy.
지승아 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2016 중세근세영문학 Vol.26 No.1
Thomas Middleton’s A Mad World, My Masters offers a kaleidoscopic view of tricksters who constantly dissemble for their economic and sexual profits. A prodigal Dick Follywit cheats his rich grandfather Sir Bounteous Progress, a seemingly chaste wife Mrs. Harebrain commits adultery, and Sir Bounteous’ kept-mistress Frank Gullman passes as a virgin. The expansion of market economy in early modern England that established social relations via economic transactions set a stage for these tricksters to dissemble. In particular, women’s dissembling is worthy of notice in this play. The courtesan launches herself into a marriage market by performing virginity, and Mrs. Harebrain cuckolds her jealous husband by feigning her fidelity. Both women’s theatricality makes sexually anxious men deceived by their own follies. The outstanding trickster Follywit is ironically tricked into a marriage to the courtesan, and Harebrain inadvertently gives his wife a chance to cuckold him. Examining the way in which dissembling works in the play, I will argue that women’s performances function as a double-edged sword. Performed chastity intensifies male antipathy towards desiring women but mocks imprudent husbands whose sexual fantasy of virginity make them blind to the fact that chastity can be performed. Men’s efforts to regulate female sexuality turn out to be futile, and their women are purloined by their sexual rivals. Meanwhile, dissembling is for women a means to constitute themselves as transgressive yet autonomous desiring subjects despite patriarchal restrictions of female sexuality and to survive the mad world in which sex is the close nexus of money.