자기자각에 의한 분노정서 변화과정 연구: 대화분석을 중심으로

이한욱,반신환,조윤옥 한국상담학회 2017 상담학연구 Vol.18 No.6

This research aims to identify the influence of the process of client's self-awareness on the change of the emotion of anger using Satir's Iceberg Model and through conversation analysis. For this purpose, self-awareness counseling carried out for 8clients, making verbatim transcripts through tape-recording and videotaping. By comparing verbatim records of 8 participants, 4 transcribed data were established for the analysis by marking symbols for the 4 clients' cases, showing comprehensive and clear process of change of importance in self-awareness. The process of changes in emotion of anger and clients' self-awareness was analyzed from transcribed data. The results are as follows. First, the self-awareness of clients reduces the intensity of subjective emotion of anger; and the intensity of subjective emotion of anger was clearly decreased, although the level of self-awareness of clients showed individual differences in response to the defense state of them. Second, the subjective emotion of anger of clients was decreased as they extend their levels of self-awareness. As the self - awareness was expanded by the client's domain of self - awareness, that is, emotion, perception, expectation and aspiration, the intensity of anger emotion decreased. It reveals the fact that when the clients know, understand, accept and respect the cues of their emotion of anger, the intensity of the subjective emotion of anger is changed decreasingly. Third, the process of client's self-awareness was initiated by the counselor. It was recognized that the counselor's skillful questions and facilitating techniques were both played leading roles in the process of clients' self-awareness. Clients developed their level of self-awareness by the questions derived from the iceberg model, systematic and step-by-step questions with respect and also it was achieved by counselor's strategy of empathetic understanding, clarifying, accepting and respecting work. Based on the results, some significances and implications of the research were discussed, and further research was suggested. 본 연구의 목적은 Satir 빙산모형을 사용해서 내담자의 자기자각 과정이 분노정서 변화과정에 미치는 영향을 대화분석을 적용하여 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 8명의 내담자를 모집하여 자기자각 상담을 진행하였고 녹취와 녹화를 하여 축어록을 만들었다. 8명의 축어록을 비교하여 복합적이며 명확한 자기지각 변화과정의 중요성이 나타나는 4명의 사례에 대해 기호를 붙여 분석을 위한 전사 자료를 만들었다. 전사된 자료를 통해 내담자의 분노정서 변화과정과 자기자각 과정을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내담자의 자기자각은 내담자가 경험하는 분노정서 강도를 감소시켰다. 내담자의 자기자각의 상태는 방어의 상태에 따라 개별적 차이가 있지만 분노정서의 강도는 뚜렷한 감소를 보였다. 둘째, 내담자의 자기자각 수준이 확장될수록 분노정서는 감소하였다. 내담자의 자기자각의 영역 즉, 감정, 지각, 기대, 열망으로 자기자각이 확장될수록 분노정서 강도가 감소하는 현상을 보였다. 이 사실은 내담자가 자신의 분노정서 내용을 알고 이해하며 인정하고 수용, 존중을 할 때 분노정서 강도가 감소하는 변화가 일어난다는 사실을 보여 준다. 셋째, 내담자의 자기자각 과정은 상담자의 주도성에 의해 이루어졌다. 즉 내담자가 자기자각을 하는 과정에는 상담자의 질문법과 촉진법이 주도적 역할을 했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 내담자는 상담자의 빙산모형 질문과 체계적이고 단계적인 질문에 의해 상담자의 저항을 존중하는 질문을 받으면서 자기자각을 했으며, 상담자의 공감과 명료화 작업, 인정과 존중 작업에 의해 자기자각의 상태가 이루어졌다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의 및 시사점을 논의하였고, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

Phased RGSS : 연속매체 인출에 사용되는 디스크배열을 위한 개선된 디스크 스케쥴링 방법

이한욱,김대웅,박찬익 한국통신학회 1997 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Pulsed-UV 시스템을 이용한 염소계 유기화합물 및 화약류 제거에 관한 연구

이한욱,한종훈,윤여민,이종열,허남국,Lee, Han-Uk,Han, Jonghun,Yoon, Yeomin,Lee, Jongyeol,Her, Namguk 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.1

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the removal process for long-term contamination sources including chlorinated hydrocarbons (TCE and PCE) and explosive compounds (TNT, RDX, and HMX) in underground water using a pulsed-UV system. Crystallized cells containing the contaminants were placed 10, 20, and 40 cm away from a lamp that emits pulsed-UV rays in order to examine how the removal efficiency is influenced by the distance between the source of the light and the compounds. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were completely removed in 30 minutes with a distance of 10 cm, while PCE was completely removed even with a distance of 20 cm. In the case of explosive compounds, removal efficiencies slightly varied depending on the compounds. The majority of the compounds were perfectly removed with a contact time of 10 minutes. In particular, for RDX, the results showed that complete removal was obtained within one minute, regardless of the distance from the UV source. The amount of light energy is in inverse proportion to the distance, and thus the energy reaching the compounds severely diminishes as the distance increases. Therefore, the removal efficiency decreased with increasing distance in the system.

Photodegradation of Benzene and Phenanthrene in Aqueous Solution using Pulsed Ultraviolet Light

이한욱,윤여민,허남국,한종훈,오재일,박재우 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.5

This study examined the comparative degradation of benzene and phenanthrene using a pulsed ultraviolet light (PUV) reactor. The concentration of free chlorine was determined for various NaCl concentrations (0-10 mM) and electrode distances (10, 20, and 40 cm) in order to investigate the effect of oxidation by free chlorine on degradation. It was observed that the presence of NaCl had a dual effect on benzene removal, while phenanthrene removal increased with decreasing NaCl concentration. Both benzene (0.065 min−1) and phenanthrene (0.24 min−1) pseudo first-order rate constants were highest with a NaCl concentration of 0.25 mM and an electrode distance of 10 cm. The degradation of phenanthrene was much higher than that of benzene due mainly to smaller Dewar’s reactivity values ranging from 1.80 to 2.18 at five different positions for phenanthrene compared to the one position of benzene (2.31), which suggests that phenanthrene is more easily attacked than benzene.

산소포화도 측정을 위한 모듈형 펄스 옥시메터 개발

이한욱,이주원,이종회,조원래,이건기 한국정보통신학회 2000 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.4 No.3

펄스 옥시메터는 수술실, 회복실, 집중 치료실 등에서 사용되는 산소포화도($SpO_2$)를 측정하는 방법 중 광흡수도를 이용하여 비관혈적인 방법으로 산소포화도륵 측정하는 장비이다. 펄스 옥시메터는 동맥혈의 광흡수도를 측정함으로써 혈액의 산소포화도를 나타낼 수 있다. 산소포화도를 측정하는 기존의 방법은 잡음을 제거하는 필터링 기술과 복잡한 처리 알고리즘, 그리고 많은 연산 수행 시간을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 신호 검출 단계에서 적색광과 적외선광 각각의 AC 성분과 DC 성분을 분리하여 처리함으로써, 연산 알고리즘을 단순화 할 수 있었다. 그리고 시스템을 구현한 결과 기존의 방법(로그연산법, 미분법) 보다 속도향상과 0.3% 이상의 성능개선을 보였다. Pulse oximetry is a well established non-invasive optical technique for monitoring the $SpO_2$ during anaesthesia, recovery and intensive care. Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. In the measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, conventional method has required the technique of filtering of remove the noise, and of complex signal processing algorithm. So much time have been required to signal processing. In this research, we separate AC signal and DC signal in the stage of signal detection. Therefore we simplify the calculation algorithm for $SpO_2$. The implemented system have the high performance such an accuracy and a processing time than the traditional method.

기체상 질소산화물을 포함한 2012~2014년도 대한민국 질소수지 연구

이한욱,어세연,박재우,Lee, Hanuk,Oa, Seyeon,Park, Jae-Woo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2017 지하수토양환경 Vol.22 No.4

This study estimated the nitrogen budget, including gaseous nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$), of South Korea in 2012~2014. The nitrogen budget was classified into three categories: agricultural and livestock, forest, and city. To estimate the nitrogen budget, several input and output parameters were investigated, including deposition, fixation, irrigation, chemical fertilizer use, compost, fuel, denitrification, volatilization, runoff, crop uptake, leaching, and $NO_x$ emissions. The annual nitrogen inputs from 2012 to 2014 were 6,202,828, 6,137,708, and 6,022,379 ton/yr, respectively. The corresponding annual nitrogen outputs were 1,393,763, 1,380,406, and 1,360,819 ton/yr, respectively, signifying a slight decrease from 2012 to 2014. $NO_x$ was the parameter contributing to the nitrogen budget to the greatest extent. The annual ratios of $NO_x$ emissions by vehicles, power plants, and businesses were 0.31, 0.31, and 0.30 in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. A change in government policy that prohibited the disposal of livestock manure and sewage sludge in the ocean from 2012 affected nitrogen budget profile. As a result, the ocean disposal ratio completely diminished, which differs from previous studies.

國家權力과 個人의 自由

이한욱 충남대학교 교지편집위원회 1977 寶雲 - 충남대학교 Vol.- No.7

Ca2+-activated K+ Currents of Pancreatic Duct Cells in Guinea-pig

이한욱,Jingchao Li,구나연,Zheng Gen Piao,황성민,한재웅,최한샘,이종흔,김중수,박경표 대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.6

There are numerous studies on transepithelial transports in duct cells including Cl- and/or HCO3-. However, studies on transepithelial K+ transport of normal duct cells in exocrine glands are scarce. In the present study, we examined the characteristics of K+ currents in single duct cells isolated from guinea pig pancreas, using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Both Cl- and K+ conductance were found with KCl rich pipette solutions. When the bath solution was changed to low Cl-, reversal potentials shifted to the negative side, -75±4 mV, suggesting that this current is dominantly selective to K+. We then characterized this outward rectifying K+ current and examined its Ca2+ dependency. The K+ currents were activated by intracellular Ca2+. 100 nM or 500 nM Ca2+ in pipette significantly (P<0.05) increased outward currents (currents were normalized, 76.8±7.9 pA, n=4 or 107.9±35.5 pA, n=6) at +100 mV membrane potential, compared to those with 0 nM Ca2+ in pipette (27.8±3.7 pA, n=6). We next examined whether this K+ current, recorded with 100 nM Ca2+ in pipette, was inhibited by various inhibitors, including Ba2+, TEA and iberiotoxin. The currents were inhibited by 40.4±% (n=3), 87.0±% (n=5) and 82.5±% (n=9) by 1 mM Ba2+, 5 mM TEA and 100 nM iberiotoxin, respectively. Particularly, an almost complete inhibition of the current by 100 nM iberiotoxin further confirmed that this current was activated by intracellular Ca2+. The K+ current may play a role in secretory process, since recycling of K+ is critical for the initiation and sustaining of Cl- or HCO3- secretion in these cells.

문맥 정보를 이용한 한글 후처리 알고리즘 ( A HANGUL Postprocessing Algorithm using the Contextual Information )

이한욱,강현철,최동혁,김정욱,박규태 대한전자공학회 1989 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1989 No.11

PPG 신호의 동잡음 구간 검출에 관한 연구

이한욱,이건기,Lee, Hanwook,Lee, Gunki 대한의용생체공학회 2016 의공학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The biomedical information (heart rate, HRV, $SpO_2$ etc) from the Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal section can be estimated without the motion artifacts if the PPG signal section in the motion artifacts is detected accurately. But the PPG signal is easily exposed to the motion artifacts by the decrease of the medical instrument size and applying as portable or wearable. Besides, it is difficult to completely eliminate the motion artifacts from the PPG signal without distortion and ensure reliability as well. In this paper, the method was suggested to determine the motion artifacts or not on the PPG signal of the section divided into intervals of constant length. By comparing the spectrum of each section, it can be determined whether the motion artifacts are or not after obtaining the spectrum of each section by the Goertzel algorithm. Moreover, an amount of computation while maintaining a high detection rate can be reduced by using the Goertzel algorithm.